发现网络细节的命令:netstat ifconfig ping -b
(1)netstat -i:
提供网络接口的信息.
我们还可以指定-n标志以输出数值地址,而不是试图把它们反向解析成名字.
–numeric , -n
Show numerical addresses instead of trying to determine symbolic host, port or user names.
–interfaces, -i
Display a table of all network interfaces.
xiahuixia@xiahuixia-Inspiron-3437:~/unix/unpv13e/intro$ netstat -i
Kernel Interface table
Iface MTU Met RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg
eth0 1500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BMU
lo 65536 0 81477 0 0 0 81477 0 0 0 LRU
wlan0 1500 0 68375 0 0 0 76751 0 0 0 BMRU
xiahuixia@xiahuixia-Inspiron-3437:~/unix/unpv13e/intro$ netstat -ni
Kernel Interface table
Iface MTU Met RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg
eth0 1500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BMU
lo 65536 0 81479 0 0 0 81479 0 0 0 LRU
wlan0 1500 0 68382 0 0 0 76765 0 0 0 BMRU
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(2)netstat -r:
展示路由表
xiahuixia@xiahuixia-Inspiron-3437:~/unix/unpv13e/intro$ netstat -r
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface
default 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 wlan0
192.168.1.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 wlan0
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(3)netstat -npl:
监听所有进程服务和所用端口
-p, –program
Show the PID and name of the program to which each socket belongs.
-l, –listening
Show only listening sockets. (These are omitted by default.)
xiahuixia@xiahuixia-Inspiron-3437:~/unix/unpv13e/intro$ netstat -npl
(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info
will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 127.0.1.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN -
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN -
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:7070 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5950/ssh
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:37 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN -
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN -
tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN -
tcp6 0 0 ::1:7070 :::* LISTEN 5950/ssh
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:631 0.0.0.0:* -
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:13036 0.0.0.0:* -
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5353 0.0.0.0:* 6401/chrome
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5353 0.0.0.0:* -
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:40937 0.0.0.0:* -
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:37 0.0.0.0:* -
udp 0 0 127.0.1.1:53 0.0.0.0:* -
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:68 0.0.0.0:* -
udp6 0 0 :::37530 :::* -
udp6 0 0 :::5353 :::* -
udp6 0 0 :::36391 :::* -
Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers)
Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node PID/Program name Path
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18841 2428/unity-scope-lo @xiahuixia-com.canonical.Unity.Scope.applications.T6322455988553
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 46317 2394/unity-scope-ho @xiahuixia-com.canonical.Unity.Master.Scope.searchin.T27851042799850
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 15915 1958/gnome-session @/tmp/.ICE-unix/1958
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11216 - /tmp/.X11-unix/X0
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 15916 1958/gnome-session /tmp/.ICE-unix/1958
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 15885 1991/pulseaudio /run/user/1000/pulse/native
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 17243 1930/fcitx /tmp/fcitx-socket-:0
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18081 2260/sogou-qimpanel /tmp/sogou-qimpanel-cell
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18703 2260/sogou-qimpanel /tmp/sogou-qimpanelxiahuixia
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 15851 1970/dbus-daemon @/tmp/dbus-ubllZvxCji
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11215 - @/tmp/.X11-unix/X0
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 14631 - /var/run/acpid.socket
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 16297 2250/gvfsd-trash @/dbus-vfs-daemon/socket-MjVX0Tha
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 9032 - @/com/ubuntu/upstart
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18151 2394/unity-scope-ho @xiahuixia-com.canonical.Unity.Master.Scope.applications.T6281581711419
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18842 2428/unity-scope-lo @xiahuixia-com.canonical.Unity.Scope.scopes.T6322468445678
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 17572 1899/dbus-daemon @/tmp/dbus-vkou6mhKao
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18195 2432/unity-files-da @xiahuixia-com.canonical.Unity.Scope.files.T6298090592527
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18152 2394/unity-scope-ho @xiahuixia-com.canonical.Unity.Master.Scope.files.T6281589456934
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 144013 - /var/run/cups/cups.sock
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 14478 - /var/run/avahi-daemon/socket
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 15761 - /run/user/1000/keyring-BgLLUc/control
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18895 2523/unity-music-da @xiahuixia-com.canonical.Unity.Scope.rhythmbox.T6337947908079
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 20743 2394/unity-scope-ho @xiahuixia-com.canonical.Unity.Master.Scope.music.T6337152322839
unix 2 [ ACC ] SEQPACKET LISTENING 9114 - /run/udev/control
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 143333 6401/chrome /tmp/.com.google.Chrome.uaHrVq/SingletonSocket
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 13991 - /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 16782 1830/init @/com/ubuntu/upstart-session/1000/1830
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 22037 2394/unity-scope-ho @xiahuixia-com.canonical.Unity.Master.Scope.reference.T7028131647813
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 13742 - /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 17591 - /run/user/1000/keyring-BgLLUc/pkcs11
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 17596 - /run/user/1000/keyring-BgLLUc/gpg
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 17598 - /run/user/1000/keyring-BgLLUc/ssh
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 17001 2026/dbus-daemon @/tmp/dbus-z5PVVTGiBY
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 10966 - /var/run/sdp
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 22121 2394/unity-scope-ho @xiahuixia-com.canonical.Unity.Master.Scope.moresuggestions.T7032862236599
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结合grep可以用来查看某个具体端口及服务情况
如下命令查看所有7070端口使用情况
xiahuixia@xiahuixia-Inspiron-3437:~/unix/unpv13e/intro$ netstat -npl|grep 7070
(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info
will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:7070 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5950/ssh
tcp6 0 0 ::1:7070 :::* LISTEN 5950/ssh
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也可以使用如下命令:
-a, –all
Show both listening and non-listening sockets. With the –interfaces option, show interfaces that are not up
-o, –timers
Include information related to networking timers.
xiahuixia@xiahuixia-Inspiron-3437:~/unix/unpv13e/intro$ netstat -anlp |grep 7070
(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info
will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:7070 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5950/ssh
tcp6 0 0 ::1:7070 :::* LISTEN 5950/ssh
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找到对应的进程号后,如果想解除这个端口的占用,就可以使用kill将这个进程杀死.
(4)ifconfig eth0
由(1)就可知道各个网络接口的名字,执行ifconfig 网络接口名 就可以获得每个接口的详细信息.
xiahuixia@xiahuixia-Inspiron-3437:~/unix/unpv13e/intro$ ifconfig wlan0
wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 9c:d2:1e:02:ed:77
inet addr:192.168.1.104 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::9ed2:1eff:fe02:ed77/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:68954 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:78019 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:58028864 (58.0 MB) TX bytes:13984328 (13.9 MB)
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由上面这个接口信息MULTICAST 可以得知该接口所在的主机支持多播.
(5)ping -b 广播ip地址
找出本地网络中众多主机的ip地址的方法之一就是,针对从上一步找到的本地接口的广播地址执行ping命令
-b:broadcast
xiahuixia@xiahuixia-Inspiron-3437:~/unix/unpv13e/intro$ ping -b 192.168.1.255
WARNING: pinging broadcast address
PING 192.168.1.255 (192.168.1.255) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=2.66 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=2.77 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=2.85 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=3.30 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=5.49 ms