• RHEL6 命令行下安装图形桌面

    http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-20543672-id-3562177.html

    最近想通过公司的RHCE考试，所以安装了一个RHEL6来练习，一开始我安装的是Base，所以一进去是就是命令行的。
    但是RHCE的教程一开始有介绍图形界面下的一些使用，为了补缺补漏，还是想安装一下图形界面玩玩的。所以我网上找了下资料，具体的操作如下：

    一、配置本地源

    1.挂载镜像文件

    点击(此处)折叠或打开

    1. [tekkamanninja@Tekkaman-RHEL ~]$ sudo mkdir /media/RHEL

    3. [tekkamanninja@Tekkaman-RHEL ~]$ sudo mount -o loop <iso-path> /media/RHEL


    （可选）开机自动挂载镜像文件

    在/etc/fstab的最下面添加下面一句

    点击(此处)折叠或打开

    1. [tekkamanninja@Tekkaman-RHEL ~]$ sudo vi /etc/fstab

    3. /media/RHEL iso9660 ro,loop 0 0


    2.创建repo文件

    点击(此处)折叠或打开

    1. [tekkamanninja@Tekkaman-RHEL ~]$ sudo vi /etc/yum.repos.d/local_RHEL_DVD.repo

    3. [Server]
    4. name=Server
    5. baseurl=file:///media/RHEL/Server
    6. enabled=1
    7. gpgcheck=0

    9. [HighAvailability]
    10. name=HighAvailability
    11. baseurl=file:///media/RHEL/HighAvailability
    12. enabled=1
    13. gpgcheck=0

    15. [LoadBalancer]
    16. name=LoadBalancer
    17. baseurl=file:///media/RHEL/LoadBalancer
    18. enabled=1
    19. gpgcheck=0


     二、安装桌面软件包组

    1.查看软件包组

    顺便看看刚才挂载上的源是否可用。

    点击(此处)折叠或打开

    1. [tekkamanninja@Tekkaman-RHEL ~]$ yum grouplist
    2. Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager
    3. Not root, certificate-based repositories not updated
    4. Setting up Group Process
    5. HighAvailability | 4.0 kB 00:00 ...
    6. HighAvailability/primary_db | 43 kB 00:00 ...
    7. LoadBalancer | 3.9 kB 00:00 ...
    8. LoadBalancer/primary_db | 4.7 kB 00:00 ...
    9. Server | 4.0 kB 00:00 ...
    10. Server/primary_db | 3.1 MB 00:00 ...
    11. HighAvailability/group_gz | 4.1 kB 00:00 ...
    12. LoadBalancer/group_gz | 2.2 kB 00:00 ...
    13. Server/group_gz | 204 kB 00:00 ...
    14. Installed Groups:
    15. Additional Development
    16. Base
    17. Console internet tools
    18. Debugging Tools
    19. Desktop
    20. Desktop Platform
    21. Dial-up Networking Support
    22. Directory Client
    23. E-mail server
    24. Fonts
    25. General Purpose Desktop
    26. Graphical Administration Tools
    27. Hardware monitoring utilities
    28. Java Platform
    29. Large Systems Performance
    30. Legacy UNIX compatibility
    31. Legacy X Window System compatibility
    32. NFS file server
    33. Network Infrastructure Server
    34. Network file system client
    35. Networking Tools
    36. Performance Tools
    37. Perl Support
    38. Scientific support
    39. Server Platform
    40. Installed Language Groups:
    41. Arabic Support [ar]
    42. Armenian Support [hy]
    43. Georgian Support [ka]
    44. Hebrew Support [he]
    45. Inuktitut Support [iu]
    46. Japanese Support [ja]
    47. Korean Support [ko]
    48. Lao Support [lo]
    49. Tajik Support [tg]
    50. Available Groups:
    51. Backup Client
    52. Backup Server
    53. CIFS file server
    54. Client management tools
    55. Compatibility libraries
    56. Desktop Debugging and Performance Tools
    57. Desktop Platform Development
    58. Development tools
    59. Directory Server
    60. Eclipse
    61. Emacs
    62. FCoE Storage Client
    63. FTP server
    64. Graphics Creation Tools
    65. High Availability
    66. High Availability Management
    67. Identity Management Server
    68. Infiniband Support
    69. Input Methods
    70. Internet Browser
    71. KDE Desktop
    72. Load Balancer
    73. Mainframe Access
    74. Messaging Client Support
    75. MySQL Database client
    76. MySQL Database server
    77. Network Storage Server
    78. PHP Support
    79. PostgreSQL Database client
    80. PostgreSQL Database server
    81. Print Server
    82. Printing client
    83. Remote Desktop Clients
    84. Ruby Support
    85. SNMP Support
    86. Security Tools
    87. Server Platform Development
    88. Smart card support
    89. Somali Support
    90. Storage Availability Tools
    91. System Management
    92. System administration tools
    93. Systems Management Messaging Server support
    94. TeX support
    95. Technical Writing
    96. TurboGears application framework
    97. Virtualization
    98. Virtualization Client
    99. Virtualization Platform
    100. Virtualization Tools
    101. Web Server
    102. Web Servlet Engine
    103. Web-Based Enterprise Management
    104. X Window System
    105. iSCSI Storage Client
    106. Available Language Groups:
    107. Afrikaans Support [af]
    108. Albanian Support [sq]
    109. Amazigh Support [ber]
    110. Assamese Support [as]
    111. Azerbaijani Support [az]
    112. Basque Support [eu]
    113. Belarusian Support [be]
    114. Bengali Support [bn]
    115. Bhutanese Support [dz]
    116. Brazilian Portuguese Support [pt_BR]
    117. Breton Support [br]
    118. Bulgarian Support [bg]
    119. Catalan Support [ca]
    120. Chhattisgarhi Support [hne]
    121. Chichewa Support [ny]
    122. Chinese Support [zh]
    123. Coptic Support [cop]
    124. Croatian Support [hr]
    125. Czech Support [cs]
    126. Danish Support [da]
    127. Dutch Support [nl]
    128. English (UK) Support [en_GB]
    129. Esperanto Support [eo]
    130. Estonian Support [et]
    131. Ethiopic Support [am]
    132. Faroese Support [fo]
    133. Fijian Support [fj]
    134. Filipino Support [fil]
    135. Finnish Support [fi]
    136. French Support [fr]
    137. Frisian Support [fy]
    138. Friulian Support [fur]
    139. Gaelic Support [gd]
    140. Galician Support [gl]
    141. German Support [de]
    142. Greek Support [el]
    143. Gujarati Support [gu]
    144. Hiligaynon Support [hil]
    145. Hindi Support [hi]
    146. Hungarian Support [hu]
    147. Icelandic Support [is]
    148. Indonesian Support [id]
    149. Interlingua Support [ia]
    150. Irish Support [ga]
    151. Italian Support [it]
    152. Kannada Support [kn]
    153. Kashmiri Support [ks]
    154. Kashubian Support [csb]
    155. Kazakh Support [kk]
    156. Khmer Support [km]
    157. Kinyarwanda Support [rw]
    158. Konkani Support [kok]
    159. Kurdish Support [ku]
    160. Latin Support [la]
    161. Latvian Support [lv]
    162. Lithuanian Support [lt]
    163. Low Saxon Support [nds]
    164. Luxembourgish Support [lb]
    165. Macedonian Support [mk]
    166. Maithili Support [mai]
    167. Malagasy Support [mg]
    168. Malay Support [ms]
    169. Malayalam Support [ml]
    170. Maltese Support [mt]
    171. Manx Support [gv]
    172. Maori Support [mi]
    173. Marathi Support [mr]
    174. Mongolian Support [mn]
    175. Myanmar (Burmese) Support [my]
    176. Nepali Support [ne]
    177. Northern Sotho Support [nso]
    178. Norwegian Support [nb]
    179. Occitan Support [oc]
    180. Oriya Support [or]
    181. Persian Support [fa]
    182. Polish Support [pl]
    183. Portuguese Support [pt]
    184. Punjabi Support [pa]
    185. Romanian Support [ro]
    186. Russian Support [ru]
    187. Sanskrit Support [sa]
    188. Sardinian Support [sc]
    189. Serbian Support [sr]
    190. Sindhi Support [sd]
    191. Sinhala Support [si]
    192. Slovak Support [sk]
    193. Slovenian Support [sl]
    194. Southern Ndebele Support [nr]
    195. Southern Sotho Support [st]
    196. Spanish Support [es]
    197. Swahili Support [sw]
    198. Swati Support [ss]
    199. Swedish Support [sv]
    200. Tagalog Support [tl]
    201. Tamil Support [ta]
    202. Telugu Support [te]
    203. Tetum Support [tet]
    204. Thai Support [th]
    205. Tibetan Support [bo]
    206. Tsonga Support [ts]
    207. Tswana Support [tn]
    208. Turkish Support [tr]
    209. Turkmen Support [tk]
    210. Ukrainian Support [uk]
    211. Upper Sorbian Support [hsb]
    212. Urdu Support [ur]
    213. Uzbek Support [uz]
    214. Venda Support [ve]
    215. Vietnamese Support [vi]
    216. Walloon Support [wa]
    217. Welsh Support [cy]
    218. Xhosa Support [xh]
    219. Zulu Support [zu]
    220. Done

    2.安装软件组


    从上面的信息中你可以看到许多的软件组信息，自己挑一个需要的桌面软件组安装就好了，我先装Desktop

    点击(此处)折叠或打开

    1. [tekkamanninja@Tekkaman-RHEL ~]$ sudo yum groupinstall "Desktop"

    3.测试：启动图形界面


    在完成了软件的安装之后，你就可以尝试进入X 桌面了：

    点击(此处)折叠或打开

    1. [tekkamanninja@Tekkaman-RHEL ~]$ startx



    但是极有可能你无法进入图形界面，原因非常简单，你还没有安装相应的X 用户层驱动，不同的硬件有不同的驱动，所以这个不是由软件依赖来解决的。

    对于我用于练习的ThinkPad SL400来说，我得到了如下错误： 

    点击(此处)折叠或打开

    1. [ 278.139] (II) LoadModule: "nouveau"
    2. [ 278.140] (WW) Warning, couldn't open module nouveau
    3. [ 278.140] (II) UnloadModule: "nouveau"
    4. [ 278.140] (II) Unloading nouveau
    5. [ 278.140] (EE) Failed to load module "nouveau" (module does not exist, 0)
    6. [ 278.140] (II) LoadModule: "vesa"
    7. [ 278.140] (II) Loading /usr/lib64/xorg/modules/drivers/vesa_drv.so
    8. [ 278.140] (II) Module vesa: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
    9. [ 278.140] compiled for 1.10.2, module version = 2.3.0
    10. [ 278.140] Module class: X.Org Video Driver
    11. [ 278.140] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 10.0
    12. [ 278.140] (II) LoadModule: "fbdev"
    13. [ 278.140] (WW) Warning, couldn't open module fbdev
    14. [ 278.140] (II) UnloadModule: "fbdev"
    15. [ 278.140] (II) Unloading fbdev
    16. [ 278.140] (EE) Failed to load module "fbdev" (module does not exist, 0)
    17. [ 278.140] (II) VESA: driver for VESA chipsets: vesa
    18. [ 278.140] (--) using VT number 1

    20. [ 278.145] (EE) The PCI device has a kernel module claiming it,
    21. [ 278.146] (EE) this driver cannot operate until it has been unloaded.
    22. [ 278.146] (EE) Try appending "nomodeset" to your boot options
    23. [ 278.146] (WW) Falling back to old probe method for vesa
    24. [ 278.146] (EE) No devices detected.
    25. [ 278.146]
    26. Fatal server error:
    27. [ 278.146] no screens found
    28. [ 278.146]
    29. Please consult the Red Hat, Inc. support
    30. at https://www.redhat.com/apps/support/
    31. for help.
    32. [ 278.146] Please also check the log file at "/var/log/Xorg.0.log" for additional information.
    33. [ 278.147]


    所以我就通过 yum list 命令找到了相应的驱动包，然后安装。

    点击(此处)折叠或打开

    1. [tekkamanninja@Tekkaman-RHEL ~]$ sudo yum list *nouveau*
    2. Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager
    3. Updating certificate-based repositories.
    4. Unable to read consumer identity
    5. Available Packages
    6. xorg-x11-drv-nouveau.x86_64 1:0.0.16-13.20110719gitde9d1ba.el6 Server
    7. [tekkamanninja@Tekkaman-RHEL ~]$ sudo yum install xorg-x11-drv-nouveau

    安装好了之后，再“startx”,图形界面就出来了。
    其实你还可以再log中找到其他缺少的模块，同样的通过     yum list 命令找到了相应的驱动包，然后安装就是了。



    3.更改启动模式 :进入桌面还是命令界面

    点击(此处)折叠或打开

    1. [tekkamanninja@Tekkaman-RHEL ~]$ sudo vim /etc/inittab
    2. # System initialization is started by /etc/init/rcS.conf
    3. #
    4. # Individual runlevels are started by /etc/init/rc.conf
    5. #
    6. # Ctrl-Alt-Delete is handled by /etc/init/control-alt-delete.conf
    7. #
    8. # Terminal gettys are handled by /etc/init/tty.conf and /etc/init/serial.conf,
    9. # with configuration in /etc/sysconfig/init.
    10. #
    11. # For information on how to write upstart event handlers, or how
    12. # upstart works, see init(5), init(8), and initctl(8).
    13. #
    14. # Default runlevel. The runlevels used are:
    15. # 0 - halt (Do NOT set initdefault to this)
    16. # 1 - Single user mode
    17. # 2 - Multiuser, without NFS (The same as 3, if you do not have networking)
    18. # 3 - Full multiuser mode
    19. # 4 - unused
    20. # 5 - X11
    21. # 6 - reboot (Do NOT set initdefault to this)
    22. #
    23. id:5:initdefault:

    注释说的在清楚不过了，3为多用户界面（命令行）   5为X window图形界面

    参考资料：

    RHEL6 纯命令行文本界面下安装桌面

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  • 原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/ztguang/p/12648401.html
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