我们在写业务代码经常遇到需要一大堆if/else,会导致代码可读性大大降低,有没有一种方法可以避免代码中出现大量的判断语句呢?
答案是用规则引擎,但是传统的规则引擎都比较重,比如开源的Drools,不适合在小需求中应用。最近在github上面看到一个傻瓜式的Java规则引擎Easy-Rules,这里结合自己写的demo介绍如何使用这个规则引擎,希望对大家有所帮助。
easy-rules的特点
1 轻量级类库和容易上手 2 基于POJO的开发与注解的编程模型 3 基于MVEL表达式的编程模型(适用于极简单的规则,一般不推荐) 4 支持根据简单的规则创建组合规则 5 方便且适用于java的抽象的业务模型规则
概念
了解规则引擎,我们先了解几个概念,如图所示
我们看到
1)facts表示当前被传入的key:value结构的参数
2)rule就是一整个规则
3)Condition就是rule的判断条件
4)action就是满足Condition以后需要触发的动作
那么整个逻辑就是,当一个facts参数对象传入的时候,遍历rules各个规则。每个规则进行规则的条件判断,如果满足条件,那么就触发执行相应的业务逻辑。
其实总体逻辑依旧是一种类似if/else的概念
它主要包括几个主要的类或接口:Rule,RulesEngine,RuleListener,Facts
还有几个主要的注解:@Action,@Condition,@Fact,@Priority,@Rule
maven依赖
1 <dependency> 2 <groupId>org.jeasy</groupId> 3 <artifactId>easy-rules-core</artifactId> 4 <version>3.3.0</version> 5 </dependency> 6 <dependency> 7 <groupId>org.jeasy</groupId> 8 <artifactId>easy-rules-mvel</artifactId> 9 <version>3.3.0</version> 10 </dependency>
easy-rules的实现方式(2种)
- 实现Rule接口,并实现其evaluate和execute方法。
- 使用@Rule注解修饰POJO
实战
例1:基于POJO开发与注解的编程模型:判断1-50中,被3或者8整除的数
编写规则POJO:
1 @Rule(name = "被3整除", description = "number如果被3整除,打印:number is three") 2 public class ThreeRule { 3 /** 4 * Condition:条件判断注解:如果return true, 执行Action 5 * 6 * @param number 7 * @return 8 */ 9 @Condition 10 public boolean isThree(@Fact("number") int number) { 11 return number % 3 == 0; 12 } 13 14 /** 15 * Action 执行方法注解 16 * 17 * @param number 18 */ 19 @Action 20 public void threeAction(@Fact("number") int number) { 21 System.out.println(number + " is three"); 22 } 23 24 /** 25 * Priority:优先级注解:return 数值越小,优先级越高 26 * 27 * @return 28 */ 29 @Priority 30 public int getPriority() { 31 return 1; 32 } 33 }
1 @Rule(name = "被8整除") 2 public class EightRule { 3 4 /** 5 * 条件 6 * 7 * @param number 8 * @return 9 */ 10 @Condition 11 public boolean isEight(@Fact("number") int number) { 12 return number % 8 == 0; 13 } 14 15 /** 16 * 满足条件的动作 17 * 18 * @param number 19 */ 20 @Action 21 public void eightAction(@Fact("number") int number) { 22 System.out.println(number + " is eight"); 23 } 24 25 /** 26 * 条件判断的优先级 27 * 28 * @return 29 */ 30 @Priority 31 public int getPriority() { 32 return 2; 33 } 34 }
1 @Rule(name = "被3和8同时整除", description = "这是一个组合规则") 2 public class ThreeEightRuleUnitGroup extends UnitRuleGroup { 3 4 public ThreeEightRuleUnitGroup(Object... rules) { 5 for (Object rule : rules) { 6 addRule(rule); 7 } 8 } 9 10 @Override 11 public int getPriority() { 12 return 0; 13 } 14 }
1 @Rule(name = "既不被3整除也不被8整除", description = "打印number自己") 2 public class OtherRule { 3 @Condition 4 public boolean isOther(@Fact("number") int number){ 5 return number % 3 != 0 || number % 8 != 0; 6 } 7 8 @Action 9 public void printSelf(@Fact("number") int number){ 10 System.out.print(number); 11 } 12 13 @Priority 14 public int getPriority(){ 15 return 3; 16 } 17 }
1 public class ThreeEightRuleLauncher { 2 3 public static void main(String[] args) { 4 /** 5 * 创建规则执行引擎 6 * 注意: skipOnFirstAppliedRule意思是,只要匹配到第一条规则就跳过后面规则匹配 7 */ 8 RulesEngineParameters parameters = new 9 RulesEngineParameters().skipOnFirstAppliedRule(true); 10 RulesEngine rulesEngine = new DefaultRulesEngine(parameters); 11 //创建规则 12 Rules rules = new Rules(); 13 rules.register(new EightRule()); 14 rules.register(new ThreeRule()); 15 rules.register(new ThreeEightRuleUnitGroup(new EightRule(), new ThreeRule())); 16 rules.register(new OtherRule()); 17 Facts facts = new Facts(); 18 for (int i=1 ; i<=50 ; i++){ 19 //规则因素,对应的name,要和规则里面的@Fact 一致 20 facts.put("number", i); 21 //执行规则 22 rulesEngine.fire(rules, facts); 23 System.out.println(); 24 } 25 } 26 }
例2:基于MVEL表达式的编程模型
本例演示如何使用MVEL表达式定义规则,MVEL通过Easy-Rules MVEL模块提供。此模块包含使用MVEL定义规则的API。我们将在这里使用这些API,其目标是实现一个简单的商店应用程序,要求如下:禁止儿童购买酒精,成年人的最低法定年龄为18岁。 商店顾客由Person类定义:
1 @Data 2 @AllArgsConstructor 3 @NoArgsConstructor 4 public class Person { 5 private String name; 6 7 private boolean adult; 8 9 private int age; 10 //getter, setter 省略 11 12 13 public Person(String name, int age) { 14 this.name = name; 15 this.age = age; 16 }
我们定义两个规则:
- 规则1:可以更新Person实例,判断年龄是否大于18岁,并设置成人标志。
- 规则2:判断此人是否为成年人,并拒绝儿童(即非成年人)购买酒精。
显然,规则1的优先级要大于规则2,我们可以设置规则1的Priority为1,规则2的Priority为2,这样保证规则引擎在执行规则的时候,按优先级的顺序执行规则。
Rule ageRule = new MVELRule() .name("age rule") .description("Check if person"s age is > 18 and marks the person as adult") .priority(1) .when("person.age > 18") .then("person.setAdult(true);");
1 规则2的定义,我们放到alcohol-rule.yml文件中 2 3 name: "alcohol rule" 4 description: "children are not allowed to buy alcohol" 5 priority: 2 6 condition: "person.isAdult() == false" 7 actions: 8 - "System.out.println("Shop: Sorry, you are not allowed to buy alcohol");"
1 public class ShopLauncher { 2 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { 3 //创建一个Person实例(Fact) 4 Person tom = new Person("Tom", 19); 5 Facts facts = new Facts(); 6 facts.put("person", tom); 7 8 //创建规则1 9 Rule ageRule = new MVELRule() 10 .name("age rule") 11 .description("Check if person"s age is > 18 and marks the person as adult") 12 .priority(1) 13 .when("person.age > 18") 14 .then("person.setAdult(true);"); 15 //创建规则2 16 Rule alcoholRule = new MVELRuleFactory(new YamlRuleDefinitionReader()). 17 createRule(new FileReader(ResourceUtils.getFile("classpath:alcohol-rule.yml"))); 18 19 Rules rules = new Rules(); 20 rules.register(ageRule); 21 rules.register(alcoholRule); 22 23 //创建规则执行引擎,并执行规则 24 RulesEngine rulesEngine = new DefaultRulesEngine(); 25 System.out.println("Tom: Hi! can I have some Vodka please?"); 26 rulesEngine.fire(rules, facts); 27 System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(tom)); 28 } 29 }
执行结果如下:
源码解析
https://www.cnblogs.com/lay2017/p/12591966.html
深入了解原理,可以查看github源码:
https://github.com/j-easy/easy-rules
https://gitcode.net/mirrors/j-easy/easy-rules
转:
https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000022939252