普通启动: SQL> show parameter pfile NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ spfile string /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0 /dbhome_1/dbs/spfilesingle1.or a 以pfile启动 SQL> startup nomount pfile=/home/oracle/pfile.ora ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 413372416 bytes Fixed Size 2253784 bytes Variable Size 314575912 bytes Database Buffers 92274688 bytes Redo Buffers 4268032 bytes SQL> alter database mount; Database altered. SQL> alter database open; Database altered. SQL> show parameter pfile; NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ spfile string SQL> that's the difference.