Tree（树的还原以及树的dfs遍历）

紫书：P155 

uva  548

 

You are to determine the value of the leaf node in a given binary tree that is the terminal node of a path of least value from the root of the binary tree to any leaf. The value of a path is the sum of values of nodes along that path.

Input 

The input file will contain a description of the binary tree given as the inorder and postorder traversal sequences of that tree. Your program will read two line (until end of file) from the input file. The first line will contain the sequence of values associated with an inorder traversal of the tree and the second line will contain the sequence of values associated with a postorder traversal of the tree. All values will be different, greater than zero and less than 10000. You may assume that no binary tree will have more than 10000 nodes or less than 1 node.

Output 

For each tree description you should output the value of the leaf node of a path of least value. In the case of multiple paths of least value you should pick the one with the least value on the terminal node.

Sample Input 

3 2 1 4 5 7 6
3 1 2 5 6 7 4
7 8 11 3 5 16 12 18
8 3 11 7 16 18 12 5
255
255

Sample Output 

1
3
255

 给出一棵树的后序和中序遍历结果，要求求出从某个叶子节点回到树根的最小叶子节点，注意这是一颗带权树

后序遍历的最后一个节点是树根，而中序遍历的树根在中间，而且其左边全都是左子树子孙，右边是右子树子孙。

那么可以这样做：

1.从后序遍历中取出根

2.在中序遍历中找到根的位置，并以此位置把序列分为左子树和右子树

3.递归地对左子树和右子树执行1,2操作

#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
using namespace std;
const int maxsize=1e4+10;
int In_order[maxsize],Post_order[maxsize],lchild[maxsize],rchild[maxsize];
int Shortest_path;
int Shortest_path_node;
int n;

bool input(int *a)
{
    string line;
    if(!getline(cin,line)) return false;
    n=0;
    stringstream ss(line);
    while(ss>>a[n]) n++;
    return n>0;
}

int Build(int L1,int R1,int L2,int R2)
{
    if(L1>R1) return 0;
    int root=Post_order[R2];
    int p=L1;
    while(In_order[p]!=root) p++;
    int cnt=p-L1;
    lchild[root]=Build(L1,p-1,L2,L2+cnt-1);
    rchild[root]=Build(p+1,R1,L2+cnt,R2-1);
    return root;
}

void dfs(int u,int sum)
{
    sum+=u;
    if(!lchild[u]&&!rchild[u])
    {
        if(sum<Shortest_path||(sum==Shortest_path&&u<Shortest_path_node))
        {
            Shortest_path=sum;
            Shortest_path_node=u;
        }
    }
    if(lchild[u]) dfs(lchild[u],sum);
    if(rchild[u]) dfs(rchild[u],sum);
}

int main()
{
    while(input(In_order))
    {
     input(Post_order);
     Build(0,n-1,0,n-1);
     Shortest_path=1e9;
     dfs(Post_order[n-1],0);
     cout<<Shortest_path_node<<endl;
    }
    return 0;
}