基于tkinter的gui编程基础学习笔记
知识点代码，上传百度网盘
项目一：记事本
项目二：画图软件
记事本
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import messagebox
from tkinter.filedialog import *
from tkinter.colorchooser import *
class Application(Frame):
def __init__(self, master=None):
super().__init__(master) # super()代表父类定义
self.master = master
self.pack()
self.createWidget()
def createWidget(self):
# 创建主菜单栏
menubar = Menu(root)
# 创建子菜单
menuFile = Menu(menubar)
menuEdit = Menu(menubar)
menuHelp = Menu(menubar)
# 子菜单加入主菜单
menubar.add_cascade(label='文件(F)', menu=menuFile)
menubar.add_cascade(label='编辑(E)', menu=menuEdit)
menubar.add_cascade(label='帮助(H)', menu=menuHelp)
# 添加菜单项 accelerator(加速器，快捷键)
menuFile.add_command(label='新建', accelerator='ctrl+n', command=self.newfile)
menuFile.add_command(label='打开', accelerator='ctrl+o', command=self.openfile)
menuFile.add_command(label='保存', accelerator='ctrl+s', command=self.savefile)
menuFile.add_separator() # 添加分割线
menuFile.add_command(label='退出', accelerator='ctrl+q', command=self.exit)
# 主菜单栏加到根窗口
root['menu'] = menubar
# 增加快捷键事件
root.bind('<Control-n>',lambda event:self.newfile())
root.bind('<Control-o>',lambda event:self.openfile())
root.bind('<Control-s>',lambda event:self.savefile())
root.bind('<Control-q>',lambda event:self.exit())
# 文本编辑区
self.textpad = Text(root, width=70, height=22)
self.textpad.pack()
# 创建上下文菜单，右键单击出现的菜单
self.contextMenu = Menu(root)
self.contextMenu.add_command(label='背景颜色', command=self.openAskColor)
root.bind('<Button-3>', self.createContextMenu)
def newfile(self):
self.filename = asksaveasfilename(title='另存为', initialfile='未命名.txt', filetypes=[('文本文档', '.txt')],
defaultextension='.txt')
self.savefile()
def openfile(self):
self.textpad.delete(1.0, END) # 清空text
with askopenfile(title='打开文本文件', mode='r') as f:
self.textpad.insert(INSERT, f.read())
self.filename = f.name
def savefile(self):
with open(self.filename, 'w')as f:
c = self.textpad.get(1.0, END)
f.write(c)
def exit(self):
root.quit()
def test(self):
pass
def openAskColor(self):
s1 = askcolor(color='red',title='选择背景颜色')
self.textpad.config(bg=s1[1])
# 在鼠标位置显示菜单
def createContextMenu(self, event):
self.contextMenu.post(event.x_root, event.y_root)
if __name__ == '__main__':
root = Tk()
root.title('面相对象方法')
root.geometry('500x300+500+300')
app = Application(master=root)
root.mainloop()
画图软件
from tkinter.filedialog import *
from tkinter.colorchooser import *
win_width = 900
win_height = 450
class Application(Frame):
def __init__(self, master=None):
super().__init__(master) # super()代表父类定义
self.master = master
self.bgcolor = '#000000'
self.x = 0
self.y = 0
self.fgcolor = '#ff0000'
self.lastDraw = 0 # 表示最后绘制的图形id
self.startDrawFlag = False # 是否第一次画
self.pack()
self.createWidget()
def createWidget(self):
# 创建绘图区
self.drawpad = Canvas(root, width=win_width, height=win_height * 0.9, bg=self.bgcolor)
self.drawpad.pack()
# 创建按钮
btn_start = Button(root, text='开始', name='start')
btn_start.pack(side='left', padx=10)
btn_pen = Button(root, text='画笔', name='pen')
btn_pen.pack(side='left', padx=10)
btn_rect = Button(root, text='矩形', name='rect')
btn_rect.pack(side='left', padx=10)
btn_oval = Button(root, text='圆形', name='oval')
btn_oval.pack(side='left', padx=10)
btn_clear = Button(root, text='清屏', name='clear')
btn_clear.pack(side='left', padx=10)
btn_earsor = Button(root, text='橡皮擦', name='erasor')
btn_earsor.pack(side='left', padx=10)
btn_line = Button(root, text='直线', name='line')
btn_line.pack(side='left', padx=10)
btn_lineArrow = Button(root, text='箭头直线', name='lineArrow')
btn_lineArrow.pack(side='left', padx=10)
btn_color = Button(root, text='颜色', name='color')
btn_color.pack(side='left', padx=10)
# 事件处理
btn_pen.bind_class('Button', '<1>', self.eventManager)
self.drawpad.bind('<ButtonRelease-1>', self.stopDraw)
# 快捷键
root.bind('<KeyPress-r>', self.kuaijiejian)
root.bind('<KeyPress-g>', self.kuaijiejian)
root.bind('<KeyPress-y>', self.kuaijiejian)
def eventManager(self, event):
name = event.widget.winfo_name()
print(name)
if name == 'line':
self.drawpad.bind('<B1-Motion>', self.myline)
elif name == 'lineArrow':
self.drawpad.bind('<B1-Motion>', self.mylineArrow)
elif name == 'rect':
self.drawpad.bind('<B1-Motion>', self.myRect)
elif name == 'oval':
self.drawpad.bind('<B1-Motion>', self.myOval)
elif name == 'pen':
self.drawpad.bind('<B1-Motion>', self.myPen)
elif name == 'erasor':
self.drawpad.bind('<B1-Motion>', self.myErasor)
elif name == 'clear':
self.drawpad.delete('all')
elif name == 'color':
c = askcolor(color=self.fgcolor, title='选择画笔颜色')
self.fgcolor = c[1]
def stopDraw(self, event):
self.startDrawFlag = False
self.lastDraw = 0
def myline(self, event):
self.drawpad.delete(self.lastDraw)
if not self.startDrawFlag:
self.startDrawFlag = True
self.x = event.x
self.y = event.y
# self.lastDraw 表示最后绘制的图形id
self.lastDraw = self.drawpad.create_line(self.x, self.y, event.x, event.y, fill=self.fgcolor)
def mylineArrow(self, event):
self.drawpad.delete(self.lastDraw)
if not self.startDrawFlag:
self.startDrawFlag = True
self.x = event.x
self.y = event.y
# self.lastDraw 表示最后绘制的图形id
self.lastDraw = self.drawpad.create_line(self.x, self.y, event.x, event.y, arrow=LAST, fill=self.fgcolor)
def myRect(self, event):
self.drawpad.delete(self.lastDraw)
if not self.startDrawFlag:
self.startDrawFlag = True
self.x = event.x
self.y = event.y
# self.lastDraw 表示最后绘制的图形id
self.lastDraw = self.drawpad.create_rectangle(self.x, self.y, event.x, event.y, outline=self.fgcolor)
def myOval(self, event):
self.drawpad.delete(self.lastDraw)
if not self.startDrawFlag:
self.startDrawFlag = True
self.x = event.x
self.y = event.y
# self.lastDraw 表示最后绘制的图形id
self.lastDraw = self.drawpad.create_oval(self.x, self.y, event.x, event.y, outline=self.fgcolor)
def myPen(self, event):
self.drawpad.delete(self.lastDraw)
if not self.startDrawFlag:
self.startDrawFlag = True
self.x = event.x
self.y = event.y
# self.lastDraw 表示最后绘制的图形id
self.drawpad.create_line(self.x, self.y, event.x, event.y, fill=self.fgcolor)
self.x = event.x
self.y = event.y
def myErasor(self, event):
self.drawpad.delete(self.lastDraw)
if not self.startDrawFlag:
self.startDrawFlag = True
self.x = event.x
self.y = event.y
# self.lastDraw 表示最后绘制的图形id
self.drawpad.create_rectangle(event.x - 10, event.y - 10, event.x + 10, event.y + 10, fill=self.bgcolor)
self.x = event.x
self.y = event.y
def kuaijiejian(self, event):
print(event.char)
if event.char == 'r':
self.fgcolor = '#ff0000'
if event.char == 'g':
self.fgcolor = '#00ff00'
if event.char == 'y':
self.fgcolor = '#ffff00'
if __name__ == '__main__':
root = Tk()
root.title('画图软件项目')
root.geometry(str(win_width) + 'x' + str(win_height) + '+300+180')
app = Application(master=root)
root.mainloop()
``````python
from tkinter.filedialog import *
from tkinter.colorchooser import *
win_width = 900
win_height = 450
class Application(Frame):
def __init__(self, master=None):
super().__init__(master) # super()代表父类定义
self.master = master
self.bgcolor = '#000000'
self.x = 0
self.y = 0
self.fgcolor = '#ff0000'
self.lastDraw = 0 # 表示最后绘制的图形id
self.startDrawFlag = False # 是否第一次画
self.pack()
self.createWidget()
def createWidget(self):
# 创建绘图区
self.drawpad = Canvas(root, width=win_width, height=win_height * 0.9, bg=self.bgcolor)
self.drawpad.pack()
# 创建按钮
btn_start = Button(root, text='开始', name='start')
btn_start.pack(side='left', padx=10)
btn_pen = Button(root, text='画笔', name='pen')
btn_pen.pack(side='left', padx=10)
btn_rect = Button(root, text='矩形', name='rect')
btn_rect.pack(side='left', padx=10)
btn_oval = Button(root, text='圆形', name='oval')
btn_oval.pack(side='left', padx=10)
btn_clear = Button(root, text='清屏', name='clear')
btn_clear.pack(side='left', padx=10)
btn_earsor = Button(root, text='橡皮擦', name='erasor')
btn_earsor.pack(side='left', padx=10)
btn_line = Button(root, text='直线', name='line')
btn_line.pack(side='left', padx=10)
btn_lineArrow = Button(root, text='箭头直线', name='lineArrow')
btn_lineArrow.pack(side='left', padx=10)
btn_color = Button(root, text='颜色', name='color')
btn_color.pack(side='left', padx=10)
# 事件处理
btn_pen.bind_class('Button', '<1>', self.eventManager)
self.drawpad.bind('<ButtonRelease-1>', self.stopDraw)
# 快捷键
root.bind('<KeyPress-r>', self.kuaijiejian)
root.bind('<KeyPress-g>', self.kuaijiejian)
root.bind('<KeyPress-y>', self.kuaijiejian)
def eventManager(self, event):
name = event.widget.winfo_name()
print(name)
if name == 'line':
self.drawpad.bind('<B1-Motion>', self.myline)
elif name == 'lineArrow':
self.drawpad.bind('<B1-Motion>', self.mylineArrow)
elif name == 'rect':
self.drawpad.bind('<B1-Motion>', self.myRect)
elif name == 'oval':
self.drawpad.bind('<B1-Motion>', self.myOval)
elif name == 'pen':
self.drawpad.bind('<B1-Motion>', self.myPen)
elif name == 'erasor':
self.drawpad.bind('<B1-Motion>', self.myErasor)
elif name == 'clear':
self.drawpad.delete('all')
elif name == 'color':
c = askcolor(color=self.fgcolor, title='选择画笔颜色')
self.fgcolor = c[1]
def stopDraw(self, event):
self.startDrawFlag = False
self.lastDraw = 0
def myline(self, event):
self.drawpad.delete(self.lastDraw)
if not self.startDrawFlag:
self.startDrawFlag = True
self.x = event.x
self.y = event.y
# self.lastDraw 表示最后绘制的图形id
self.lastDraw = self.drawpad.create_line(self.x, self.y, event.x, event.y, fill=self.fgcolor)
def mylineArrow(self, event):
self.drawpad.delete(self.lastDraw)
if not self.startDrawFlag:
self.startDrawFlag = True
self.x = event.x
self.y = event.y
# self.lastDraw 表示最后绘制的图形id
self.lastDraw = self.drawpad.create_line(self.x, self.y, event.x, event.y, arrow=LAST, fill=self.fgcolor)
def myRect(self, event):
self.drawpad.delete(self.lastDraw)
if not self.startDrawFlag:
self.startDrawFlag = True
self.x = event.x
self.y = event.y
# self.lastDraw 表示最后绘制的图形id
self.lastDraw = self.drawpad.create_rectangle(self.x, self.y, event.x, event.y, outline=self.fgcolor)
def myOval(self, event):
self.drawpad.delete(self.lastDraw)
if not self.startDrawFlag:
self.startDrawFlag = True
self.x = event.x
self.y = event.y
# self.lastDraw 表示最后绘制的图形id
self.lastDraw = self.drawpad.create_oval(self.x, self.y, event.x, event.y, outline=self.fgcolor)
def myPen(self, event):
self.drawpad.delete(self.lastDraw)
if not self.startDrawFlag:
self.startDrawFlag = True
self.x = event.x
self.y = event.y
# self.lastDraw 表示最后绘制的图形id
self.drawpad.create_line(self.x, self.y, event.x, event.y, fill=self.fgcolor)
self.x = event.x
self.y = event.y
def myErasor(self, event):
self.drawpad.delete(self.lastDraw)
if not self.startDrawFlag:
self.startDrawFlag = True
self.x = event.x
self.y = event.y
# self.lastDraw 表示最后绘制的图形id
self.drawpad.create_rectangle(event.x - 10, event.y - 10, event.x + 10, event.y + 10, fill=self.bgcolor)
self.x = event.x
self.y = event.y
def kuaijiejian(self, event):
print(event.char)
if event.char == 'r':
self.fgcolor = '#ff0000'
if event.char == 'g':
self.fgcolor = '#00ff00'
if event.char == 'y':
self.fgcolor = '#ffff00'
if __name__ == '__main__':
root = Tk()
root.title('画图软件项目')
root.geometry(str(win_width) + 'x' + str(win_height) + '+300+180')
app = Application(master=root)
root.mainloop()
学习代码
链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1WC5Se6MOMCfJSyDGMmBJrw
提取码：3x1y