#include<stdio.h> #include<malloc.h> #define LEN sizeof(struct Student) struct Student //结构体声明 { long num; int score; struct Student* next; }; int n; struct Student* creat() //创建单向链表 { struct Student *head=NULL, *p_before, *p_later; p_before = p_later = (struct Student*) malloc(LEN); scanf_s("%ld%d", &p_before->num, &p_before->score); while (p_before->num!=0) { n++; if (n == 1) head = p_before; else p_later->next = p_before; p_later = p_before; p_before = (struct Student*) malloc(LEN); scanf_s("%ld%d", &p_before->num, &p_before->score); } p_later->next = NULL; free(p_before); return head; } struct Student* sort(struct Student* list) //冒泡排序,当初写的是内容交换而不是指针交换,我知道这不是好的做法,但日子一久,当下没时间和热情改了,大家原谅, { //等有时间了一定改 struct Student *p, *q; int temp1,i; long temp2; for (p = list, i =1; i < n;i++,p=p->next) for (q = p->next;q!= NULL;q=q->next) if (p->score < q->score) { temp1 = p->score; p->score = q->score; q->score = temp1; temp2 = p->num; p->num = q->num; q->num = temp2; } return list; } struct Student* sort1(struct Student* h) //插入排序(下边这堆注释是当初写完代码后又分析时加的,这里必须承认,我参考了网上的一些代码。这里大家要是看不 { //懂或是不想看,就略过吧。还有,这里“结点”写成“节点”了,纠正一下,不好意思 struct Student *f, *t, *p=NULL, *q; f = h->next; //f指向旧链的第一个节点,即等待在新链中“安家落户”(插入)的节点 h->next = NULL; //将原链的第一个节点单拿出来作为新链(待插入链)的第一个节点,默认此节点是关键值最大的节点 while (f!=NULL) //当f=NULL,旧链中的节点都插入到了新链,排序完成 { for (t = f, q = h; (q != NULL && (q->score > t->score)); p = q, q = q->next);//t和f同指,当找到插入位置,f指向旧链的下一个节点时,用t来进行 //插入操作;q先指向新链的第一个节点,q不断在新链中后移,以找到f(即t)所指节点的插入位置 //p作为q的前驱,用来完成插入。整个语句的作用是:在新链遍历完(q != NULL)的前提下,在新 //链中找到第一个关键值比f(即t)所指节点关键值小的节点,毫无疑问,q的前驱,即p(如果有的 //话)的关键值一大于定f(即t)所指节点关键值(否则q怎么会后移到当前位置呢?);如果没有, //那说明当前新链的头节点关键值比f(即t)所指节点关键值小;如果最后q = NULL了,说明当前新 //链的最后一个节点(此时p正指向它)的关键值都比f(即t)所指节点关键值大。不管哪种情况,f //(即t)所指节点都应插在q所指节点前,p所指节点后(如果有的话) f = f->next; //在进行插入操作前,先使f后移 if (q == h) h = t; //如果当前新链的头节点关键值比f(即t)所指节点关键值小,需要将f(即t)所指节点插在该头节点前,先让新链头节点指针指向 //f(即t)所指节点,作为新链的新的头节点 else p->next = t; //否则,将f(即t)所指节点连在p所指节点后 t->next = q; //不管if还是else,都需要将f(即t)所指节点连在q所指节点前,如果q=NULL,就是让f(即t)所指节点的next域指向NULL,这显然也是正确的 } return h; //返回新链(排好序的链)的头节点指针 } struct Student* sort2(struct Student* h) //选择排序 { struct Student *f=NULL,*t=NULL, *max, *maxbf=NULL, *p; while (h!=NULL) { for (p = h, max = h; p->next != NULL; p = p->next) { if (p->next->score > max->score) { maxbf = p; max = p->next; } } if (f==NULL) { f = max; t = max; } else { t->next = max; t = max; } if (max==h) { h = h->next; } else { maxbf->next = max->next; } } t->next = NULL; return f; } struct Student* sort3(struct Student* h) //这是什么排序呢?我也说不好。这是我自己想出来的算 { //法……大体思想是:先从链表第一个结点开始遍历链表,找出关键值(这里是成绩score)最大的(因为 struct Student *p, *q, *pt=NULL, *pbf=NULL, *qbf=NULL; //是从大到小排序)结点和链表中第一个结点交换(利用指针实现);然后,从链表中第二个结点开始遍历链 for (p = h ; p->next!=NULL; pbf = p, p = p->next) //表,找出关键值最大的结点和链表中第二个结点交换……如此操作,直到从链表中最后一个结点开始的那趟 { //遍历和操作结束 for (q = p; q->next != NULL;q=q->next) //代码格式很不好,写这段代码时在下还很渣很渣……粘贴到这里时,就更不好看了……对不起大家了 { if (p->score < q->next->score) { qbf = q; q = q->next; if (p==h && p->next==q) { h = q; p->next = q->next; q->next = p; p = q; } else { if (p == h&&p->next != q) { h = q; pt = q->next; q->next = p->next, qbf->next = p; p->next = pt; p = q; q = qbf; } else { if (p != h && p->next == q) { pt = q->next; pbf->next = q; q->next = p; p->next = pt; p = q; } else { if (p != h && p->next != q) { pt = q->next; pbf->next = q; q->next = p->next; qbf->next = p; p->next = pt; p = q; q = qbf; } } } } } } } return h; } //快排 这里在下也参考了网上的代码,但在下也着实进行了一番改进才编译通过,这里使用了指针的指针,不详细讲了,大家自己分析吧 struct Student* Link_Quick_Sort(struct Student ** head, struct Student ** end) // 注意这里函数返回值可以写成void,同时将return语句去掉, { //同时,将main函数中(1)(2)两句改为: struct Student * big_head=NULL, *big_end=NULL, *small_head=NULL, *small_end=NULL; //Link_Quick_Sort(&pt, NULL); struct Student * big_tail=NULL, *small_tail = NULL; //for (p=pt, i = 1; i <= n; i++, p = p->next) int key = (*head)->score; //也是可以的。原因是递归是先进后出,后进先出,二第一次调用时传的是&pt(见main函数中 struct Student * traversal = (*head)->next; //第(1)句),故当整个函数结束后,pt的值已修改,且指向排好序的链表的头结点。 (*head)->next = NULL; struct Student *p = NULL; while (traversal != NULL) { if (traversal->score > key) { if (big_head == NULL) { big_head = traversal; big_tail = traversal; } else{ big_tail->next = traversal; big_tail = traversal; } traversal = traversal->next; big_tail->next = NULL; } else { if (small_head == NULL) { small_head = traversal; small_tail = traversal; } else{ small_tail->next = traversal; small_tail = traversal; } traversal = traversal->next; small_tail->next = NULL; } } big_end = big_tail; small_end = small_tail; if (big_head != NULL && big_head->next != NULL){ Link_Quick_Sort(&big_head, &big_end); } if (small_head != NULL && small_head->next != NULL){ Link_Quick_Sort(&small_head, &small_end); } if (big_end != NULL&&small_head != NULL) { big_end->next = (*head); (*head)->next = small_head; (*head) = big_head; if (end == NULL){ end = &p; } (*end) = small_end; } else if (big_end!=NULL) { big_end->next = (*head); if (end == NULL){ end = &p; } (*end) = (*head); (*head) = big_head; } else if (small_head!=NULL) { (*head)->next = small_head; if (end == NULL){ end = &p; } (*end) = small_end; } return (*head); } void main() //用main函数来测试 { printf("请依次输入学生的学和姓名 "); printf("学号和姓名间以空格隔开 "); printf("输入0 0结束 "); struct Student* pt,*p; struct Student* creat(); struct Student* sort(); //这里调用的是冒泡排序,要想调用其它排序,在这里改一下函数调用就可以了 pt=creat(); int i; for ( p=pt,i = 1; i <=n; i++,p=p->next) printf("num=%ld score=%d ", p->num, p->score); printf("排序后: "); p=Link_Quick_Sort(&pt, NULL); //(1) for ( i = 1; i <= n; i++, p = p->next)//(2) printf("第%d名: num=%ld score=%d ",i, p->num, p->score); } 代码已经过测试,在VS2013上成功运行! 发此文有两大目的: 1.和大家交流经验,供需要的人参考。 2.在下菜鸟,代码中难免有不妥之处,恳求大神批评指正。您的批评就是在下提高的起点,对于您的批评,在下将不胜感激!