1.作用
扫描整个网络的主机服务状态和存活
优点,快速,准确,效率高
2.nmap 选项
Usage: nmap [Scan Type(s)] [Options] {target specification}
TARGET SPECIFICATION:
Can pass hostnames, IP addresses, networks, etc.
Ex: scanme.nmap.org, microsoft.com/24, 192.168.0.1; 10.0-255.0-255.1-254
-iL <inputfilename>: Input from list of hosts/networks
-iR <num hosts>: Choose random targets
--exclude <host1[,host2][,host3],...>: Exclude hosts/networks
--excludefile <exclude_file>: Exclude list from file
HOST DISCOVERY:
-sL: List Scan - simply list targets to scan
-sP: Ping Scan - go no further than determining if host is online
-P0: Treat all hosts as online -- skip host discovery
-PS/PA/PU [portlist]: TCP SYN/ACK or UDP discovery probes to given ports
-PE/PP/PM: ICMP echo, timestamp, and netmask request discovery probes
-n/-R: Never do DNS resolution/Always resolve [default: sometimes resolve]
SCAN TECHNIQUES:
-sS/sT/sA/sW/sM: TCP SYN/Connect()/ACK/Window/Maimon scans
-sN/sF/sX: TCP Null, FIN, and Xmas scans
--scanflags <flags>: Customize TCP scan flags
-sI <zombie host[:probeport]>: Idlescan
-sO: IP protocol scan
-b <ftp relay host>: FTP bounce scan
PORT SPECIFICATION AND SCAN ORDER:
-p <port ranges>: Only scan specified ports
Ex: -p22; -p1-65535; -p U:53,111,137,T:21-25,80,139,8080
-F: Fast - Scan only the ports listed in the nmap-services file)
-r: Scan ports consecutively - don't randomize
SERVICE/VERSION DETECTION:
-sV: Probe open ports to determine service/version info
--version-light: Limit to most likely probes for faster identification
--version-all: Try every single probe for version detection
--version-trace: Show detailed version scan activity (for debugging)
OS DETECTION:
-O: Enable OS detection
--osscan-limit: Limit OS detection to promising targets
--osscan-guess: Guess OS more aggressively
TIMING AND PERFORMANCE:
-T[0-6]: Set timing template (higher is faster)
--min-hostgroup/max-hostgroup <msec>: Parallel host scan group sizes
--min-parallelism/max-parallelism <msec>: Probe parallelization
--min-rtt-timeout/max-rtt-timeout/initial-rtt-timeout <msec>: Specifies
probe round trip time.
--host-timeout <msec>: Give up on target after this long
--scan-delay/--max-scan-delay <msec>: Adjust delay between probes
FIREWALL/IDS EVASION AND SPOOFING:
-f; --mtu <val>: fragment packets (optionally w/given MTU)
-D <decoy1,decoy2[,ME],...>: Cloak a scan with decoys
-S <IP_Address>: Spoof source address
-e <iface>: Use specified interface
-g/--source-port <portnum>: Use given port number
--data-length <num>: Append random data to sent packets
--ttl <val>: Set IP time-to-live field
--spoof-mac <mac address, prefix, or vendor name>: Spoof your MAC address
OUTPUT:
-oN/-oX/-oS/-oG <file>: Output scan results in normal, XML, s|<rIpt kIddi3,
and Grepable format, respectively, to the given filename.
-oA <basename>: Output in the three major formats at once
-v: Increase verbosity level (use twice for more effect)
-d[level]: Set or increase debugging level (Up to 9 is meaningful)
--packet-trace: Show all packets sent and received
--iflist: Print host interfaces and routes (for debugging)
--append-output: Append to rather than clobber specified output files
--resume <filename>: Resume an aborted scan
--stylesheet <path/URL>: XSL stylesheet to transform XML output to HTML
--no-stylesheet: Prevent Nmap from associating XSL stylesheet w/XML output
MISC:
-6: Enable IPv6 scanning
-A: Enables OS detection and Version detection
--datadir <dirname>: Specify custom Nmap data file location
--send-eth/--send-ip: Send packets using raw ethernet frames or IP packets
--privileged: Assume that the user is fully privileged
-V: Print version number
-h: Print this help summary page.
EXAMPLES:
nmap -v -A scanme.nmap.org
nmap -v -sP 192.168.0.0/16 10.0.0.0/8
nmap -v -iR 10000 -P0 -p 80
3.简单实例
下面给出一些实例,简单的、复杂的到深奥的。为更具体,一 些例子使用了实际的IP地址和域名。在这些位置,可以使用你自己网络 的地址/域名替换。注意,扫描其它网络不一定合法,一些网络管理员不愿看到 未申请过的扫描,会产生报怨。因此,先获得允许是最好的办法。
如果是为了测试,scanme.nmap.org 允许被扫描。但仅允许使用Nmap扫描并禁止测试漏洞或进行DoS攻击。为 保证带宽,对该主机的扫描每天不要超过12次。如果这个免费扫描服务被 滥用,系统将崩溃而且Nmap将报告解析 指定的主机名/IP地址失败:scanme.nmap.org。这些免 费扫描要求也适用于scanme2.nmap.org、 scanme3.nmap.org等等,虽然这些 主机目前还不存在。
nmap -v scanme.nmap.org
这个选项扫描主机scanme.nmap.org中 所有的保留TCP端口。选项-v启用细节模式。
nmap -sS -O scanme.nmap.org/24
进行秘密SYN扫描,对象为主机Saznme所在的“C类”网段 的255台主机。同时尝试确定每台工作主机的操作系统类型。因为进行SYN扫描 和操作系统检测,这个扫描需要有根权限。
nmap -sV -p 22,53,110,143,4564 198.116.0-255.1-127
进行主机列举和TCP扫描,对象为B类188.116网段中255个8位子网。这 个测试用于确定系统是否运行了sshd、DNS、imapd或4564端口。如果这些端口 打开,将使用版本检测来确定哪种应用在运行。
nmap -v -iR 100000 -P0 -p 80
随机选择100000台主机扫描是否运行Web服务器(80端口)。由起始阶段 发送探测报文来确定主机是否工作非常浪费时间,而且只需探测主机的一个端口,因 此使用-P0禁止对主机列表。
nmap -P0 -p80 -oX logs/pb-port80scan.xml -oG logs/pb-port80scan.gnmap 216.163.128.20/20
扫描4096个IP地址,查找Web服务器(不ping),将结果以Grep和XML格式保存。
host -l company.com | cut -d -f 4 | nmap -v -iL -
进行DNS区域传输,以发现company.com中的主机,然后将IP地址提供给 Nmap。上述命令用于GNU/Linux -- 其它系统进行区域传输时有不同的命令。
4.经常使用的实例
监控主机存活
nmap -n -sP 192.168.3.201
监控主机服务状态
nmap -n -PE 192.168.3.201
监控主机存活和服务状态(全网段扫描)
nmap -n -sP -PE 192.168.3.0/24
扫面端口
nmap -p80,21,23 192.168.3.136