DHCP（Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol，动态主机配置协议）是一个局域网的网络协议
dhcp服务器端监控端口67
涉及的配置文件：/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
实验环境：
vmware workstation 11
centos ： 192.168.10.10
windows xp :?
centos 与windows xp 分别只连接到VMnet8上面 #此处VMware8可以理解为一个单独的交换机
基础命令：
1：查看开机启动项：
1 [root@cooca ~]# chkconfig --list | grep dhcpd
2 dhcpd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
3 dhcpd6 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
2：查看端口是否打开：
1 [root@cooca ~]# netstat -anulp | grep :67
2 udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:67 0.0.0.0:*
3：查看服务状态：
1 [root@cooca ~]# service dhcpd status
2 dhcpd (pid 2872) is running...
简单说明：
小型公司一般192.168.1.0/24基本上够用了，一般路由器也有dhcp功能，所以linux搭建dhcp可能用在大中型公司，那么这就涉及到多网段ip地址动态分配。
这里仅研究linux搭建dhcp功能的实现，至于更实用的多网段可用性，实用性方面暂且不谈。
配置过程：
1：配置静态ip地址：
192.168.10.10/24
主机名：
cooca.com
2：dhcp服务套件查询：
1 [root@cooca ~]# rpm -qa | grep dhcp
2 dhcp-common-4.1.1-43.P1.el6.centos.1.x86_64
3 dhcp-4.1.1-43.P1.el6.centos.1.x86_64
3：vi编辑：
1 [root@cooca ~]# cat /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
2 #
3 # DHCP Server Configuration file.
4 # see /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.sample
5 # see 'man 5 dhcpd.conf'
6 #
7 default-lease-time 600;
8 max-lease-time 7200;
9
10 option domain-name "cooca.com";
11 option domain-name-servers 192.168.10.10;
12 authoritative;
13
14 subnet 192.168.10.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
15 range dynamic-bootp 192.168.10.130 192.168.10.150;
16 option broadcast-address 192.168.10.255;
17 option routers 192.168.10.1;
18 }
其中：authoritative:拒绝不合法ip请求
4：查看windwos xp ip获取状态：
5：ping dhcp主机确认网络连接状态：
6:系统日志查看：
1 [root@cooca ~]# tali /var/log/messages
2 bash: tali: command not found
3 [root@cooca ~]# tail /var/log/messages
4 Jul 5 00:49:53 cooca dhcpd: DHCPACK on 192.168.10.130 to 00:0c:29:2a:a2:6d (zkero-661eadb17) via eth0
5 Jul 5 00:54:53 cooca dhcpd: DHCPREQUEST for 192.168.10.130 from 00:0c:29:2a:a2:6d (zkero-661eadb17) via eth0
6 Jul 5 00:54:53 cooca dhcpd: DHCPACK on 192.168.10.130 to 00:0c:29:2a:a2:6d (zkero-661eadb17) via eth0
7 Jul 5 00:59:53 cooca dhcpd: DHCPREQUEST for 192.168.10.130 from 00:0c:29:2a:a2:6d (zkero-661eadb17) via eth0
8 Jul 5 00:59:53 cooca dhcpd: DHCPACK on 192.168.10.130 to 00:0c:29:2a:a2:6d (zkero-661eadb17) via eth0
9 Jul 5 01:04:53 cooca dhcpd: DHCPREQUEST for 192.168.10.130 from 00:0c:29:2a:a2:6d (zkero-661eadb17) via eth0
10 Jul 5 01:04:53 cooca dhcpd: DHCPACK on 192.168.10.130 to 00:0c:29:2a:a2:6d (zkero-661eadb17) via eth0
11 Jul 5 01:09:53 cooca dhcpd: Wrote 1 leases to leases file.
12 Jul 5 01:09:53 cooca dhcpd: DHCPREQUEST for 192.168.10.130 from 00:0c:29:2a:a2:6d (zkero-661eadb17) via eth0
13 Jul 5 01:09:53 cooca dhcpd: DHCPACK on 192.168.10.130 to 00:0c:29:2a:a2:6d (zkero-661eadb17) via eth0
其中可以看到：日志中显示的mac地址：00:0c:29:2a:a2:6d与zkero-661eadb17以及ip地址和查看xp系统mac地址与计算机名以及ip地址是一致的。