一、lshw和getinfo
1、lshw 是一个能帮我们列出硬件信息的小工具，它能为我们提供内存配置、固件版本、主板配置信息、CPU版本和速度、cache信息、总线速度等。它能运行在 DMI兼容的 x86、IA-64和一些 PowerPC的平台上。目前支持 DMI (x86 and IA-64 only), OpenFirmware device tree (PowerPC only), PCI/AGP, CPUID (x86), IDE/ATA/ATAPI, PCMCIA (only tested on x86), SCSI 和 USB。
-version ：显示 lshw的版本
-help ：显示帮助信息
-X ：启动图形界面
-html ：将设备信息以 html的格式输出
-xml ：将设备信息以 xml的格式输出
-json ：将设备信息以 json的格式输出
-short ：带有设置路径的简短输出（类似与 HP-UX的 ioscan输出形式）
-businfo ：输出详细的总线信息（包含 SCSI, USB, IDE and PCI地址）
-dump filename ：将收集到的信息输出到一个SQLite数据库中
-class class ：仅仅显示指定类型的硬件，在使用 lshw -short or lshw -businfo时我们能见到这写 class，
常见的有这些：system、bus、memory、processor、bridge、display、communication、
multimedia、network、disk、volume、powoer
-C class ：等同与 -class class
-enable test ：启用测试，测试项能包含这些：
dmi (for DMI/SMBIOS extensions)
device-tree (for OpenFirmware device tree)
spd (for memory Serial Presence Detect)
memory (for memory-size guessing heuristics)
cpuinfo (for kernel-reported CPU detection)
cpuid (for CPU detection)
pci (for PCI/AGP access)
isapnp (for ISA PnP extensions)
pcmcia (for PCMCIA/PCCARD)
ide (for IDE/ATAPI)
usb (for USB devices)
scsi (for SCSI)
network (for net‐work interfaces detection)
-disable test
-quiet ：不现实状态
-sanitize ：移除IP地址、序列号等敏感信息
-numeric ：显示 PCI和USB设备的数字 ID
它在运行的时候会都去下列文件：
/usr/local/share/pci.ids /usr/share/pci.ids /etc/pci.ids /usr/share/hwdata/pci.ids ：A list of all known PCI ID's (vendors, devices, classes and subclasses). /proc/bus/pci/* ：Used to access the configuration of installed PCI busses and devices. /proc/ide/* ：Used to access the configuration of installed IDE busses and devices. /proc/scsi/*, /dev/sg* ：Used to access the configuration of installed SCSI devices. /dev/cpu/*/cpuid ：Used on x86 platforms to access CPU-specific configuration. /proc/device-tree/* ：Used on PowerPC platforms to access OpenFirmware configuration. /proc/bus/usb/* ：Used to access the configuration of installed USB busses and devices. /sys/* ：Used on 2.6 kernels to access hardware/driver configuration information.
显示设备列表，输出包括设备路径(path)、类别(class)以及简单描述：
# lshw -short
显示设备列表，输出包括总线信息、SCSI、USB、IDE、PCI地址等：
# lshw -businfo
显示内存相关的硬件：
# lshw -C memory
2、getinfo
# getconf -a LINK_MAX 2147483647 _POSIX_LINK_MAX 2147483647 MAX_CANON 255 _POSIX_MAX_CANON 255 MAX_INPUT 255
查看系统分页大小
#getconf PAGE_SIZE 4096
查看系统位数
#getconf LONG_BIT 64
二、查看服务器硬件信息
（1）查看服务器型号、序列号
$ sudo dmidecode|grep "System Information" -A9|egrep "Manufacturer|Product|Serial" Manufacturer: NULL Product Name: NULL Serial Number: 217489153
（2）查看主板型号
# dmidecode | grep -A16 "System Information$"
$ sudo dmidecode |grep -A16 "System Information$" System Information Manufacturer: NULL Product Name: NULL Version: 00001 Serial Number: 217489153 UUID: 8585f61c-e6e9-11e7-b3fe-7df14fc9cc02 Wake-up Type: Power Switch SKU Number: Default string Family: Default string Handle 0x0002, DMI type 2, 15 bytes Base Board Information Manufacturer: NULL Product Name: NULL Version: 0 Serial Number: MBHB16W10052A80 Asset Tag: 217489153
(3）查看BIOS信息
# dmidecode -t bios
（4）查看内存槽及内存条
# dmidecode -t memory | head -45 | tail -23
(5)查看网卡信息
dmesg | grep -i Ethernet
（6） 查看pci信息，即主板所有硬件槽信息
lspci | head -10
三、查看CPU信息
# 总核数 = 物理CPU个数 X 每颗物理CPU的核数
# 总逻辑CPU数 = 物理CPU个数 X 每颗物理CPU的核数 X 超线程数
判断是否开启了抄超线程：
如果多个逻辑CPU的"physical id"和"core id"均相同，说明开启了超线程
逻辑CPU个数 > 物理CPU个数 * CPU内核数 开启了超线程
逻辑CPU个数 = 物理CPU个数 * CPU内核数 没有开启超线程
1）查看cpu型号
$ cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep name | cut -f2 -d: | uniq -c
32 Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2640 v3 @ 2.60GHz
2）查看系统中实际物理CPU的数量
# grep 'physical id' /proc/cpuinfo | sort | uniq | wc -l
3）系统中实际物理CPU的数量（核数)，即查看逻辑CPU个数
# cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep 'processor'|wc -l
# cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep "processor"|sort -u|wc -l
4）查看每个物理CPU中core的个数(即核数)
$ sudo cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep "cores"|uniq
cpu cores : 8
5）查看CPU的主频
# cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep MHz|uniq cpu MHz : 1200.000 cpu MHz : 2300.000 cpu MHz : 1200.000
6）每个物理CPU上逻辑CPU个数：
$ sudo grep "siblings" /proc/cpuinfo|uniq siblings : 16
7）查看cpu运行模式
# getconf LONG_BIT 64
8）查看cpu是否支持64bit
# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep flags | grep ' lm ' | wc -l 40 (结果大于0, 说明支持64bit计算. lm指long mode, 支持lm则是64bit)
9）一次性查询所有信息：
#!/bin/bash
physicalNumber=0
coreNumber=0
logicalNumber=0
HTNumber=0
logicalNumber=$(grep "processor" /proc/cpuinfo|sort -u|wc -l)
physicalNumber=$(grep "physical id" /proc/cpuinfo|sort -u|wc -l)
coreNumber=$(grep "cpu cores" /proc/cpuinfo|uniq|awk -F':' '{print $2}'|xargs)
HTNumber=$((logicalNumber / (physicalNumber * coreNumber)))
echo "****** CPU Information ******"
echo "Logical CPU Number : ${logicalNumber}"
echo "Physical CPU Number : ${physicalNumber}"
echo "CPU Core Number : ${coreNumber}"
echo "HT Number : ${HTNumber}"
echo "*****************************"
四、查看内存信息
1）查看内存硬件信息
$ sudo dmidecode -t memory | head -45 | tail -24 Set: None Locator: CHA_0 Bank Locator: A1_Node0_Channel0_Dimm0 Type: DDR4 Type Detail: Synchronous Speed: 2400 MT/s Manufacturer: Samsung Serial Number: 36AF6765 Asset Tag: CHA_0_AssetTag Part Number: M393A4K40BB1-CRC Rank: 2 Configured Memory Speed: 1867 MT/s Minimum Voltage: 1.2 V Maximum Voltage: 1.2 V Configured Voltage: 1.2 V Handle 0x0040, DMI type 17, 40 bytes Memory Device Array Handle: 0x003C Error Information Handle: Not Provided Total Width: Unknown Data Width: Unknown Size: No Module Installed Form Factor: Unknown
2）最大支持多少内存
$ sudo dmidecode|grep -P 'Maximums+Capacity' Maximum Capacity: 768 GB Maximum Capacity: 768 GB
3）Linux 查看内存的插槽数,已经使用多少插槽.每条内存多大：
$ sudo dmidecode|grep -A5 "Memory Device" | grep Size| grep -v Rang Size: 32 GB Size: No Module Installed Size: No Module Installed Size: 32 GB Size: No Module Installed Size: No Module Installed Size: No Module Installed Size: No Module Installed Size: No Module Installed Size: No Module Installed Size: No Module Installed Size: No Module Installed Size: 32 GB Size: No Module Installed Size: No Module Installed Size: 32 GB Size: No Module Installed Size: No Module Installed Size: No Module Installed Size: No Module Installed Size: No Module Installed Size: No Module Installed Size: No Module Installed Size: No Module Installed
4）Linux 查看内存的频率：
# dmidecode|grep -A16 "Memory Device"|grep 'Speed'
5) 查看挂接的分区状态
# mount | column -t /dev/sda2 on / type ext4 (rw) proc on /proc type proc (rw) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw) /dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw) /dev/sda3 on /home type ext4 (rw) /dev/sda6 on /tmp type ext4 (rw) /dev/sda7 on /usr type ext4 (rw) /dev/sdb1 on /PureDisk type ext4 (rw)
7） 硬盘检测命令smartctl
# smartctl -a /dev/sda smartctl 5.43 2012-06-30 r3573 [x86_64-linux-2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-12 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net Vendor: HP Product: LOGICAL VOLUME Revision: 3.56 User Capacity: 299,966,445,568 bytes [299 GB] Logical block size: 512 bytes Logical Unit id: 0x600508b1001cc8a1b9ec4dacc5ab35dc Serial number: PDNNK0BRH9U0AG Device type: disk Local Time is: Mon Feb 5 13:13:33 2018 CST Device supports SMART and is Enabled Temperature Warning Disabled or Not Supported SMART Health Status: OK Error Counter logging not supported Device does not support Self Test logging
8)查看网卡硬件信息
$ lspci | grep -i 'eth' 02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation I350 Gigabit Network Connection (rev 01) 02:00.1 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation I350 Gigabit Network Connection (rev 01) 84:00.0 Ethernet controller: Mellanox Technologies MT27700 Family [ConnectX-4] 84:00.1 Ethernet controller: Mellanox Technologies MT27700 Family [ConnectX-4]
9)查看所有网卡的链路状态
# for i in `seq 0 9`;do ethtool eth${i} | egrep 'eth|Link';done
五、列出所有PCI设备信息
# lspci -tv | more -+-[0000:ff]-+-08.0 Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 QPI Link 0 | +-08.3 Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 QPI Link 0 | +-09.0 Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 QPI Link 1 | +-09.3 Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 QPI Link 1 | +-0b.0 Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 R3 QPI Link 0 & 1 Monitoring | +-0b.1 Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 R3 QPI Link 0 & 1 Monitoring | +-0b.2 Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 R3 QPI Link 0 & 1 Monitoring | +-0c.0 Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers | +-0c.1 Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers | +-0c.2 Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers | +-0c.3 Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers | +-0c.4 Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers | +-0c.5 Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers | +-0c.6 Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers | +-0c.7 Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers
hdparm -i /dev/hda # 查看磁盘参数(仅适用于IDE设备)
dmesg | grep IDE # 查看启动时IDE设备检测状况网络
crontab -l # 查看当前用户的计划任务 服务
chkconfig –list # 列出所有系统服务#
chkconfig –list | grep on # 列出所有启动的系统服务 程序