一、说明
最近要做文件上传，在网上找了很久都没有一个全面的示例，特此记录下来分享给大家。
1.文件上传接口可按照springboot默认实现，也可用commons-fileupload组件，本示例使用springboot默认文件上传 2.最后也有commons-fileupload组件接口示例
2.重点在前端JS实现（也可以使用ajax上传），参考了网上大量上传文件显示进度条博客以及技术方案，在此做了一个统一的总结，方便后续使用
3.这仅仅是一个示例，大家可根据实际需要改进。
4.前端新增vue axios上传进度条实现
二、前端代码
vue+axios实现
<!--引入vue和axios--> <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/vue/2.4.2/vue.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/axios/0.18.0/axios.min.js"></script> <input ref="pathClear" @change="handleFileChange($event)" class="form-control" type="file"></input> <button @click="submit()" class="btn btn-sm btn-primary">添加</button> <script type="text/javascript"> // 获取axios post 以multipart/form-data形式上传时的配置参数 // callBack为上传进度回调函数 getAxiosMultiPostConfig = function (callBack) { // 上传进度回调 function onUploadProgress(progressEvent) { if (progressEvent.lengthComputable) { let val = (progressEvent.loaded / progressEvent.total * 100); val = parseInt(val) // 这里的进度只能表明文件已经上传到后台，但是后台有没有处理完还不知道 // 因此不能直接显示为100%，不然用户会误以为已经上传完毕，关掉浏览器的话就可能导致上传失败 // 等响应回来时，再将进度设为100% if (val < 100) callBack(val) } } let config = { headers: {'Content-Type': 'multipart/form-data'}, onUploadProgress: onUploadProgress }; return config } new Vue({ el : "#app", data(){ return { file: null, uploadPercent: 0,//上传进度 } }, mounted(){ }, methods:{ submit(){ //表单上传 let formData = new FormData(); formData.append("file", this.file) axios.post("/admin/product/add",formData,getAxiosMultiPostConfig((val)=>{ this.uploadPercent = val })) .then(response => { this.uploadPercent = 100 alert("上传成功") }) .catch(error => { //hander error }) .then(() => { //always excute }); }, // 文件选择 handleFileChange(event,key) { let file = event.target.files[0] this.file = file } } }) </script>
jquery实现
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <head> <title>文件上传</title> <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.2/css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="http://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.10.2.min.js"></script> </head> <body class="container"> <br /> <span id="time"></span> <div class="row"> <input class="btn btn-info btn-xs" type="file" name="file" /><br /> <div class="col-lg-5" style="padding-left: 0; padding-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0px;"> <div class="progress progress-striped active" style="display: "> <div id="progressBar" class="progress-bar progress-bar-success" role="progressbar" aria-valuemin="0" aria-valuenow="0" aria-valuemax="100" style=" 20%"></div> </div> </div> <!-- 显示上传速度 --> <div id="showInfo" class="col-lg-2">0KB/s</div> </div> <!-- 显示文件信息 --> <div id="showFieInfo" class="row"> <label name="upfileName"></label><br /> <label name="upfileSize"></label><br /> <label name="upfileType"></label><br /> </div> <div class="row"> <input class="btn btn-success btn-xs" type="button" name="upload" value="上传" /> <input class="btn btn-success btn-xs" type="button" name="cancelUpload" value="取消" /> </div> </body> <script type="text/javascript"> var fileBtn = $("input[name=file]"); var processBar= $("#progressBar"); var uploadBtn=$("input[name=upload]"); var canelBtn=$("input[name=cancelUpload]"); var ot;//上传开始时间 var oloaded;//已上传文件大小 fileBtn.change(function() { var fileObj = fileBtn.get(0).files[0]; //js获取文件对象 if (fileObj) { var fileSize = getSize(fileObj.size); $("label[name=upfileName]").text('文件名：' + fileObj.name); $("label[name=upfileSize]").text('文件大小：' + fileSize); $("label[name=upfileType]").text('文件类型：' + fileObj.type); uploadBtn.attr('disabled', false); } }); // 上传文件按钮点击的时候 uploadBtn.click(function(){ // 进度条归零 setProgress(0); // 上传按钮禁用 $(this).attr('disabled', true); // 进度条显示 showProgress(); // 上传文件 uploadFile(); }); function uploadFile(){ var url ="/to/upload"; var fileObj = fileBtn.get(0).files[0]; if(fileObj==null){ alert("请选择文件"); return; } // FormData 对象 var form = new FormData(); form.append('file', fileObj); // 文件对象 // XMLHttpRequest 对象 var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest(); //true为异步处理 xhr.open('post', url, true); //上传开始执行方法 xhr.onloadstart = function() { console.log('开始上传') ot = new Date().getTime(); //设置上传开始时间 oloaded = 0;//已上传的文件大小为0 }; xhr.upload.addEventListener('progress', progressFunction, false); xhr.addEventListener("load", uploadComplete, false); xhr.addEventListener("error", uploadFailed, false); xhr.addEventListener("abort", uploadCanceled, false); xhr.send(form); function progressFunction(evt) { debugger; if (evt.lengthComputable) { var completePercent = Math.round(evt.loaded / evt.total * 100) + '%'; processBar.width(completePercent); processBar.text(completePercent); var time = $("#time"); var nt = new Date().getTime(); //获取当前时间 var pertime = (nt-ot)/1000; //计算出上次调用该方法时到现在的时间差，单位为s ot = new Date().getTime(); //重新赋值时间，用于下次计算 var perload = evt.loaded - oloaded; //计算该分段上传的文件大小，单位b oloaded = evt.loaded; //重新赋值已上传文件大小 //上传速度计算 var speed = perload/pertime;//单位b/s var bspeed = speed; var units = 'b/s';//单位名称 if(speed/1024>1){ speed = speed/1024; units = 'k/s'; } if(speed/1024>1){ speed = speed/1024; units = 'M/s'; } speed = speed.toFixed(1); //剩余时间 var resttime = ((evt.total-evt.loaded)/bspeed).toFixed(1); $("#showInfo").html(speed+units+'，剩余时间：'+resttime+'s'); } } //上传成功后回调 function uploadComplete(evt) { uploadBtn.attr('disabled', false); console.log('上传完成') }; //上传失败回调 function uploadFailed(evt) { console.log('上传失败' + evt.target.responseText); } //终止上传 function cancelUpload() { xhr.abort(); } //上传取消后回调 function uploadCanceled(evt) { console.log('上传取消,上传被用户取消或者浏览器断开连接:' + evt.target.responseText); } canelBtn.click(function(){ uploadBtn.attr('disabled', false); cancelUpload(); }) } function getSize(size) { var fileSize = '0KB'; if (size > 1024 * 1024) { fileSize = (Math.round(size / (1024 * 1024))).toString() + 'MB'; } else { fileSize = (Math.round(size / 1024)).toString() + 'KB'; } return fileSize; } function setProgress(w) { processBar.width(w + '%'); } function showProgress() { processBar.parent().show(); } function hideProgress() { processBar.parent().hide(); } </script> </html>
效果：
三、对上传代码进行组件化封装
UploadCommon.js
/** * 上传文件公共组件 * * @param url 上传地址 * @param processBar 进度条 jquery获取的页面组件 * @param speedLab 显示上传速度Label jquery获取的页面组件 * @param uploadBtn 上传按钮 jquery获取的页面组件 * @param cancelBtn 取消上传按钮 jquery获取的页面组件 * @param callBack 上传完成回调函数 上传完成后的回调函数，可以不传 * @author * @returns */ function UploadCommon(url, processBar, speedLab, uploadBtn, cancelBtn, callBack){ function init() { // 每次回调监测上传开始时间 var startTime = null // 已上传文件大小 var oloaded = null var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest() function setProgress(w) { processBar.width(w + '%'); processBar.text(w + '%'); } function progressMonitor(evt){ if (evt.lengthComputable) { var completePercent = Math.round(evt.loaded / evt.total * 100) setProgress(completePercent) var nowTime = new Date().getTime() // 计算出上次调用该方法时到现在的时间差，单位为s var pertime = (nowTime - startTime) / 1000
// 重新赋值时间，用于下次计算 startTime = new Date().getTime() // 计算该分段上传的文件大小，单位b var perload = evt.loaded - oloaded // 重新赋值已上传文件大小，用以下次计算 oloaded = evt.loaded // 上传速度计算,单位b/s var speed = perload / pertime var bspeed = speed // 单位名称 var units = 'bit/s'if (speed / 1024 > 1) { speed = speed / 1024 units = 'Kb/s' } if (speed / 1024 > 1) { speed = speed / 1024 units = 'Mb/s' } speed = speed.toFixed(1); // 剩余时间 var resttime = ((evt.total - evt.loaded) / bspeed).toFixed(1) speedLab.html(speed + units + '，剩余时间：' + resttime + 's') } } // 上传成功后回调 function uploadComplete(evt) { uploadBtn.attr('disabled', false) var status = evt.currentTarget.status if (status == 401) { alert('请登录后再上传') return } if (status == 403) { alert('无权限操作') return } if (status != 200) { alert('上传异常，错误码' + status) return } var response=JSON.parse(evt.currentTarget.response) if (response.code!='200') { alert('上传处理异常' + response.msg) return } console.log('上传成功') if ( callBack != null && typeof callBack != 'undefined') { callBack() } }; // 上传失败回调 function uploadFailed(evt) { alert('上传处理失败' + evt.target.responseText) } // 终止上传 function cancelUpload() { xhr.abort() } // 上传取消后回调 function uploadCanceled(evt) { alert('文件上传已终止:' + evt.target.responseText) } // 添加取消上传事件 cancelBtn.click(function() { uploadBtn.attr('disabled', false) cancelUpload(); }) this.uploadFile = function(formData) { // 上传按钮禁用 uploadBtn.attr('disabled', true); setProgress(0) // true为异步处理 xhr.open('post', url, true) // 上传开始执行方法 xhr.onloadstart = function() { console.log('开始上传') // 设置上传开始时间 startTime = new Date().getTime() // 已上传的文件大小为0 oloaded = 0 } xhr.upload.addEventListener('progress', progressMonitor, false) xhr.addEventListener("load", uploadComplete, false) xhr.addEventListener("error", uploadFailed, false) xhr.addEventListener("abort", uploadCanceled, false) xhr.send(formData); } this.setProgressValue=function(w){ processBar.width(w + '%') processBar.text(w + '%') } } return new init() }
调用
$(document).ready(function() { var addVersionBtn=$('#addVersionBtn') //<button> var cancelUploadBtn=$('#cancelUploadBtn') //<button> var fileInput=$("#filewareFile") //<input> var processBar = $("#progressBar"); //div var fileNameLab=$("label[name=upfileName]") //<label> var fileSizeLab=$("label[name=upfileSize]") //... var fileTypeLab=$("label[name=upfileType]") //... var speedLab=$("#showSpeed") //<label> var url='/api/file' //获取文件上传实例 var upload=UploadCommon(url,processBar,speedLab,addVersionBtn,cancelUploadBtn,initPageInfo) // 文件选择框变更事件 fileInput.change(function() { var fileObj = fileInput.get(0).files[0]; // js获取文件对象 if (fileObj) { var fileSize = getSize(fileObj.size); fileNameLab.text('文件名：' + fileObj.name); fileSizeLab.text('文件大小：' + fileSize); fileTypeLab.text('文件类型：' + fileObj.type); addVersionBtn.attr('disabled', false); } }); // 点击上传固件事件 addVersionBtn.click(function(){ var versionInfo=$('#version').val() var file = fileInput.get(0).files[0] var strategyInfo=$('#versionType').val() if(file==null){ alert("固件文件不能为空") return } if(versionInfo==''){ alert("版本号不能为空") return } if(strategyInfo==''){ alert("升级策略不能为空") return } // 创建提交数据 var formData = new FormData(); formData.append('firmFile', fileInput.get(0).files[0]); formData.append('version', versionInfo); formData.append('strategy', strategyInfo); // 上传文件 upload.uploadFile(formData) }) });
四,服务端接口
1.springboot默认实现
pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.demo</groupId> <artifactId>demo</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>1.5.10.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId> <optional>true</optional> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>net.sourceforge.nekohtml</groupId> <artifactId>nekohtml</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- 添加Swagger2依赖,用于生成接口文档 --> <dependency> <groupId>io.springfox</groupId> <artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId> <version>2.7.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.springfox</groupId> <artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId> <version>2.7.0</version> </dependency> <!--end--> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
application.yml
server: port: 8080 tomcat: uri-encoding: UTF-8 application: name: demo thymeleaf: encoding: UTF-8 cache: true mode: LEGACYHTML5 devtools: restart: enabled: true http: multipart: maxFileSize: 500Mb maxRequestSize: 500Mb location: D:/tmp debug: false
接口：
@PostMapping("/upload")
public String uploadFile(@RequestParam("file") MultipartFile file) { if (file == null || file.isEmpty()) { return "file is empty"; } // 获取文件名 String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename(); // 文件存储路径 String filePath = "D:/data/" + UUID.randomUUID().toString().replaceAll("-", "") + "_" + fileName; logger.info("save file to:" + filePath); File dest = new File(filePath); if (!dest.getParentFile().exists()) { dest.getParentFile().mkdirs(); } try { file.transferTo(dest); return "success"; } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return "fail"; }
启动类
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.boot.builder.SpringApplicationBuilder; import org.springframework.boot.web.support.SpringBootServletInitializer; import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement; @SpringBootApplication @EnableTransactionManagement public class Application extends SpringBootServletInitializer { @Override protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) { return application.sources(Application.class); } public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args); } }
2.使用commons-fileupload上传组件
application.yml
server: port: 8080 tomcat: uri-encoding : UTF-8 spring: application: name: svc-demo thymeleaf: encoding: UTF-8 cache: false mode: LEGACYHTML5 debug: false
pom .xml
<parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>1.5.10.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId> <optional>true</optional> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!--添加文件上传支持--> <dependency> <groupId>commons-io</groupId> <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId> <version>2.4</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId> <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId> <version>1.3.1</version> </dependency> <!--添加html5支持--> <dependency> <groupId>net.sourceforge.nekohtml</groupId> <artifactId>nekohtml</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build>
进程类
public class Progress{ private long bytesRead; //已读取文件的比特数 private long contentLength;//文件总比特数 private long items; //正读的第几个文件 public long getBytesRead(){ return bytesRead; } public void setBytesRead(long bytesRead){ this.bytesRead = bytesRead; } public long getContentLength() { return contentLength; } public void setContentLength(long contentLength) { this.contentLength = contentLength; } public long getItems() { return items; } public void setItems(long items){ this.items = items; } }
监听类
@Component public class FileUploadProgressListener implements ProgressListener{ private HttpSession session; public void setSession(HttpSession session){ this.session=session; Progress status = new Progress();//保存上传状态 session.setAttribute("status", status); } @Override public void update(long bytesRead, long contentLength, int items) { Progress status = (Progress) session.getAttribute("status"); status.setBytesRead(bytesRead); status.setContentLength(contentLength); status.setItems(items); } }
文件上传处理类
public class CustomMultipartResolver extends CommonsMultipartResolver{ // 注入第二步写的FileUploadProgressListener @Autowired private FileUploadProgressListener progressListener; public void setFileUploadProgressListener(FileUploadProgressListener progressListener){ this.progressListener = progressListener; } @Override public MultipartParsingResult parseRequest(HttpServletRequest request) throws MultipartException{ String encoding = determineEncoding(request); FileUpload fileUpload = prepareFileUpload(encoding); //fileUpload.setFileSizeMax(1024 * 1024 * 500);// 单个文件最大500M //fileUpload.setSizeMax(1024 * 1024 * 500);// 一次提交总文件最大500M progressListener.setSession(request.getSession());// 问文件上传进度监听器设置session用于存储上传进度 fileUpload.setProgressListener(progressListener);// 将文件上传进度监听器加入到 fileUpload 中 try{ List<FileItem> fileItems = ((ServletFileUpload) fileUpload).parseRequest(request); return parseFileItems(fileItems, encoding); } catch (FileUploadBase.SizeLimitExceededException ex) { throw new MaxUploadSizeExceededException(fileUpload.getSizeMax(), ex); } catch (FileUploadException ex){ throw new MultipartException("Could not parse multipart servlet request", ex); } } }
控制器
@RestController public class FileController{ @PostMapping("/upload") public String uploadFile(@RequestParam("file") MultipartFile file) { if (file.isEmpty()) { return "文件为空"; } // 获取文件名 String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename();// 文件上传后的路径 // 文件上传后的路径 String filePath = null; try{ filePath = new File("").getCanonicalPath() + "/tmp/uploadFile/"; } catch (IOException e){ e.printStackTrace(); } //存储路径 String tagFilePath = filePath + CommonUtil.getCurrentTime() + fileName; File dest = new File(tagFilePath); // 检测是否存在目录 if (!dest.getParentFile().exists()){ dest.getParentFile().mkdirs(); } try{ file.transferTo(dest); } catch (IllegalStateException e){ e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e){ e.printStackTrace(); } return fileName + "上传失败"; } }
启动类
//注意取消自动Multipart配置，否则可能在上传接口中拿不到file的值
@EnableAutoConfiguration(exclude = { MultipartAutoConfiguration.class }) @SpringBootApplication public class Application extends SpringBootServletInitializer{ //注入自定义的文件上传处理类 @Bean(name = "multipartResolver") public MultipartResolver multipartResolver() { CustomMultipartResolver customMultipartResolver = new CustomMultipartResolver(); return customMultipartResolver; } @Override protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application){ return application.sources(Application.class); } public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args); }