1. 单例模式的作用
- 可以保证在程序运行过程，一个类只有一个实例，而且该实例易于供外界访问
- 从而方便地控制了实例个数，并节约系统资源
2. 单例模式的使用场合
- 在整个应用程序中，共享一份资源（这份资源只需要创建初始化1次）
3. ARC中，单例模式的实现
在.m中保留一个全局的static的实例
1.ARC
@interface HMDataTool : NSObject
+ (instancetype)sharedDataTool;
@end
@implementation HMDataTool
// 用来保存唯一的单例对象
static id _instace;
//重载了allocWithZone:，保持了从sharedInstance方法返回的单例对象，使用者哪怕使用alloc时也会返回唯一的 实例（alloc方法中会先调用allocWithZone:创建对象）。而retain等内存管理的函数也被重载了，这样做让我们有了把 Singleton类变得“严格”了。
+ (id)allocWithZone:(struct _NSZone *)zone
{
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
_instace = [super allocWithZone:zone];
});
return _instace;
}
+ (instancetype)sharedDataTool
{
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
_instace = [[self alloc] init];
});
return _instace;
}
- (id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone
{
return _instace;
}
@end
简化单例模式
定义一个.h文件，只要包含该头文件，就可以用宏直接定义单例内容
// .h文件 #define HMSingletonH(name) + (instancetype)shared##name; // .m文件 #if __has_feature(objc_arc) #define HMSingletonM(name) static id _instace; + (id)allocWithZone:(struct _NSZone *)zone { static dispatch_once_t onceToken; dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{ _instace = [super allocWithZone:zone]; }); return _instace; } + (instancetype)shared##name { static dispatch_once_t onceToken; dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{ _instace = [[self alloc] init]; }); return _instace; } - (id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone { return _instace; } #else #define HMSingletonM(name) static id _instace; + (id)allocWithZone:(struct _NSZone *)zone { static dispatch_once_t onceToken; dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{ _instace = [super allocWithZone:zone]; }); return _instace; } + (instancetype)shared##name { static dispatch_once_t onceToken; dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{ _instace = [[self alloc] init]; }); return _instace; } - (id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone { return _instace; } - (oneway void)release { } - (id)retain { return self; } - (NSUInteger)retainCount { return 1;} - (id)autorelease { return self;} #endif
调用时：
@interface HMMusicTool : NSObject
HMSingletonH(MusicTool)
@end
@implementation HMMusicTool
HMSingletonM(MusicTool)
@end
2.非ARC
@interface HMDataTool : NSObject
+ (instancetype)sharedDataTool;
@end
@implementation HMDataTool
// 用来保存唯一的单例对象
static id _instace;
+ (id)allocWithZone:(struct _NSZone *)zone
{
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
_instace = [super allocWithZone:zone];
});
return _instace;
}
+ (instancetype)sharedDataTool
{
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
_instace = [[self alloc] init];
});
return _instace;
}
- (id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone
{
return _instace;
}
- (oneway void)release {
}
- (id)retain {
return self;
}
- (NSUInteger)retainCount {
return 1;
}
- (id)autorelease {
return self;
}
@end