实验5: IOS的升级与恢复
实验目的
通过本实验可以掌握
1) 掌握IOS 正常的情况下升级IOS
2) IOS 丢失的情况下使用TFTP恢复IOS
3) IOS 丢失的情况下使用Xmodem恢复IOS
拓扑结构
实验步骤
n IOS 正常的情况下升级IOS (TFTP)
Router#conf t //进入配置模式
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#int f0/0 //进入接口
Router(config-if)#ip add 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 //配置 IP 地址
Router(config-if)#no shut //启用接口
Router(config-if)#end //退到特权模式
Router#copy tftp: flash: //从 tftp 服务器拷贝 flash
Address or name of remote host []? 1.1.1.2 //指定服务器地址
Source filename []? c2600-d-mz.122-1.bin
Destination filename [c2600-d-mz.122-1.bin]?
Loading c2600-d-mz.122-1.bin from 1.1.1.2:
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
[OK - 50938004 bytes]
n IOS 丢失的情况下使用TFTP恢复IOS
1) 通过tftpdnld命令升级IOS
rommon 3 >IP_ADDRESS=10.32.10.1 (路由器的ip地址)
rommon 4 >IP_SUBNET_MASK=255.255.255.0 (路由器的掩码)
rommon 5 >DEFAULT_GATEWAY=10.32.10.32 (缺省网关,是pc机的ip)
rommon 6 >TFTP_SERVER=10.32.10.32 (是pc机的ip地址)
rommon 7 >TFTP_FILE=C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN (上传ios文件的名称)
rommon 8 >tftpdnld
执行tftpdnld命令进行ios升级,有时可能会报错或命令不执行,这时只要用sync命令保存配置后,重新启动路由器(最好关掉电源再开机)后,再执行tftpdnld命令就可以了。
rommon 9 >tftpdnld(传送文件)出现提示选择y
IP_ADDRESS: 10.32.10.1
IP_SUBNET_MASK: 255.255.255.0
DEFAULT_GATEWAY: 10.32.10.32
TFTP_SERVER: 10.32.10.32
TFTP_FILE: C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN
Invoke this command for disaster recovery only.
WARNING: all existing data in all partitions on flash will be lost!
Do you wish to continue? y/n: [n]: y
Receiving C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN from 10.32.10.3
…
File reception completed.Copying file C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN to flash.
Erasing flash at 0x607c0000
ogram flash location 0x605b0000
rommon 10 >
在rommon 13 >提示符下键入reset,或重新启动路由器(power-cycle),进入正常引导状态
2) IOS 丢失的情况下使用Xmodem恢复IOS
通过Xmodem命令(注:Xmodem与实际的modem没有任何联系 只是一个传输协议 数据是通过终端的串口和路由器的Console口灌进去的)升级IOS,具体步骤如下:
1、用Cisco原配的线缆连接路由器的console口与PC机的COM1,使用PC机的超级终端软件访问路由器,这时不需要对PC和路由器配置任何地址。
2、在这个模式下,输入Xmodem命令,即:
rommon 2 > xmodem -c c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin
(-c是带校验,c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin为存放在PC机上的IOS映像文件)
WARNING: All existing data in bootflash will be lost!
Invoke this application only for disaster recovery.
Do you wish to continue? y/n [n]: y
Ready to receive file c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin ……
(此时在超级终端的传送栏目=> 选择发送文件选项 => 再选择Xmodem 并指明IOS映像文件所在的路径,按发送即开始上传IOS,等待时间很长,视IOS的大小和传输速度。)Erasing flash at 0x607c0000
program flash location 0x605b0000
Download Complete!
传完以后,对整个系统初始化 显示如下:
program load complete, entry point: 0x80008000, size: 0x5b85e0
Self decompressing the image :[OK]
…..
注释:Router采用这种方法时,由于使用console口来传送,速率为9600bps,需要时间较长。因此可修改console口速率利用xmodem命令实现快速升级IOS.具体方法如下:
rommon 1 > confreg 回车
Configuration Summary
enabled are:
load rom after netboot fails
console baud: 9600
boot: image specified by the boot system commands or default to: cisco2-C2600
do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: y (选择 yes)
enable "diagnostic mode"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)
enable "use net in IP brocast address"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)
disable "load rom after netboot fails"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)
enable "use all zero broadcast"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)
enable "break/abort has effect"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)
enable "ignore system config info"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)
change console baud rate? y/n [n]: y (选择 yes)
enter rate: 0 = 9600, 1 = 4800, 2 = 1200, 3 = 2400 4 = 19200, 5 = 38400, 6 = 57600, 7 = 115200 [0]: 7 (选择 7,用最大的11520速率的xmodem传输)
change the boot characteristics? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)
Configuration Summary
enabled are:
load rom after netboot fails
console baud: 115200
boot: image specified by the boot system commandsor default to: cisco2-C2600
do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)
You must reset or power cycle for new config to take effect
注释:reset 回车注意:在按reset键前,需要修改串口速度(我的电脑--端口属性--串口速度调为115200),然后再修改超级终端里设置速率为115200,记住,一定要这么做,否则会出现乱码! 然后关闭这个超级终端,重新建立一个超级终端连接,重新启动系统后,出现
rommon 1> 提示符然后,输入
rommon 1> xmodem -r
Do not start the sending program yet……
Invoke this application only for disaster recovery.
Do you wish to continue? y/n [n]: y (选择 yes)
Ready to receive file ……
注释:此时,在超级终端的菜单上的“传送”--“发送文件”--选择IOS映像文件所在地以及选择使用“xmodem”协议,点击“发送”即可。等待10-20分钟左右就可升级完3-6M的IOS文件!待升级完成后,请记住修改回计算机串口与超级终端、路由器confreg下的xmodem等传输速率为9600bps.
方法如下:
Router>en 进入新IOS的特权模式
Router#reload 重启系统
Proceed with reload? [confirm] 回车
00:01:04: %SYS-5-RELOAD: Reload requested System Bootstrap, Version 11.3(2)XA4, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)Copyright (c) 1999 by cisco Systems, Inc.TAC:Home:SW:IOS:Specials for info PC = 0xfff0a530, Vector = 0x500, SP = 0x680127b0 C2600 platform with 24576 Kbytes of main memory PC = 0xfff0a530, Vector = 0x500, SP = 0x8000468 monitor: command "boot" aborted due to user interrupt
30秒内按ctrl+break键
rommon 1 > confreg ( 输入“confreg”命令)
Configuration Summary
enabled are:load rom after netboot fails
console baud: 115200
boot: image specified by the boot system commands or default to: cisco2-C2600
do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: y (选择 yes)
enable "diagnostic mode"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)
enable "use nn IP brocast address"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)
disable "load rom after netboot fails"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)
enable "use all zero broadcast"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)
enable "break/abort has effect"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)
enable "ignore system config info"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)
change console baud rate? y/n [n]: y (选择 yes)
enter rate: 0 = 9600, 1 = 4800, 2 = 1200, 3 = 2400 4 = 19200, 5 = 38400, 6 = 57600, 7 = 115200 [7]: 0 (选择 0,改回用标准速率速率9600的xmodem传输)
change the boot characteristics? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)
Configuration Summary
enabled are:load rom after netboot fails
console baud: 9600
boot: image specified by the boot system commands or default to: cisco2-C2600
do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: n
You must reset or power cycle for new config to take effect
rommon 2 >
此时手工改回计算机串口与超级终端2者传输速率为9600然后敲入
rommon 2 >reset最好关掉电源后,重新启动。利用xmodem命令实现路由器IOS升级速度较慢,往往等上很长时间,为了快速升级,可以采用下列方法。