• 实验5: IOS的升级与恢复


    实验5:  IOS的升级与恢复


         实验目的

    通过本实验可以掌握    

    1)    掌握IOS 正常的情况下升级IOS
    2)    IOS 丢失的情况下使用TFTP恢复IOS
    3)    IOS 丢失的情况下使用Xmodem恢复IOS

    拓扑结构

    实验步骤

    n     IOS 正常的情况下升级IOS (TFTP)

    Router#conf t                  //进入配置模式
    Enter configuration commands, one per line.   End with CNTL/Z.
    Router(config)#int f0/0           //进入接口
    Router(config-if)#ip add 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0    //配置 IP 地址
    Router(config-if)#no shut       //启用接口
    Router(config-if)#end           //退到特权模式
    Router#copy tftp: flash:           //从 tftp 服务器拷贝 flash
    Address or name of remote host []? 1.1.1.2        //指定服务器地址
    Source filename []? c2600-d-mz.122-1.bin
    Destination filename [c2600-d-mz.122-1.bin]?
    Loading c2600-d-mz.122-1.bin  from 1.1.1.2:
    !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
    !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
    !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
    !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
    !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
    [OK - 50938004 bytes]


    n      IOS 丢失的情况下使用TFTP恢复IOS

    1)     通过tftpdnld命令升级IOS
    rommon 3 >IP_ADDRESS=10.32.10.1             (路由器的ip地址)
    rommon 4 >IP_SUBNET_MASK=255.255.255.0     (路由器的掩码)
    rommon 5 >DEFAULT_GATEWAY=10.32.10.32  (缺省网关,是pc机的ip)
    rommon 6 >TFTP_SERVER=10.32.10.32         (是pc机的ip地址)
    rommon 7 >TFTP_FILE=C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN   (上传ios文件的名称)
    rommon 8 >tftpdnld
    执行tftpdnld命令进行ios升级,有时可能会报错或命令不执行,这时只要用sync命令保存配置后,重新启动路由器(最好关掉电源再开机)后,再执行tftpdnld命令就可以了。
    rommon 9 >tftpdnld(传送文件)出现提示选择y
    IP_ADDRESS: 10.32.10.1
    IP_SUBNET_MASK: 255.255.255.0
    DEFAULT_GATEWAY: 10.32.10.32
    TFTP_SERVER: 10.32.10.32
    TFTP_FILE: C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN
    Invoke this command for disaster recovery only.
    WARNING: all existing data in all partitions on flash will be lost!
    Do you wish to continue? y/n:  [n]:  y
    Receiving C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN from 10.32.10.3

    File reception completed.Copying file C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN to flash.
    Erasing flash at 0x607c0000
    ogram flash location 0x605b0000
    rommon 10 >
    在rommon 13 >提示符下键入reset,或重新启动路由器(power-cycle),进入正常引导状态

    2)      IOS 丢失的情况下使用Xmodem恢复IOS

    通过Xmodem命令(注:Xmodem与实际的modem没有任何联系 只是一个传输协议 数据是通过终端的串口和路由器的Console口灌进去的)升级IOS,具体步骤如下:

    1、用Cisco原配的线缆连接路由器的console口与PC机的COM1,使用PC机的超级终端软件访问路由器,这时不需要对PC和路由器配置任何地址。
    2、在这个模式下,输入Xmodem命令,即:
            rommon 2 > xmodem -c c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin
    (-c是带校验,c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin为存放在PC机上的IOS映像文件)
    WARNING: All existing data in bootflash will be lost!
    Invoke this application only for disaster recovery.
    Do you wish to continue? y/n  [n]:  y
    Ready to receive file c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin ……      
    (此时在超级终端的传送栏目=> 选择发送文件选项 => 再选择Xmodem 并指明IOS映像文件所在的路径,按发送即开始上传IOS,等待时间很长,视IOS的大小和传输速度。)Erasing flash at 0x607c0000
    program flash location 0x605b0000
    Download Complete!
    传完以后,对整个系统初始化 显示如下:
    program load complete, entry point: 0x80008000, size: 0x5b85e0
    Self decompressing the image :[OK]
    …..
    注释:Router采用这种方法时,由于使用console口来传送,速率为9600bps,需要时间较长。因此可修改console口速率利用xmodem命令实现快速升级IOS.具体方法如下:
    rommon 1 > confreg 回车
    Configuration Summary
    enabled are:
    load rom after netboot fails
    console baud: 9600
    boot: image specified by the boot system commands or default to: cisco2-C2600
    do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: y (选择 yes)
    enable "diagnostic mode"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)
    enable "use net in IP brocast address"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)
    disable "load rom after netboot fails"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)
    enable "use all zero broadcast"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)
    enable "break/abort has effect"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)
    enable "ignore system config info"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)
    change console baud rate? y/n [n]: y (选择 yes)
    enter rate: 0 = 9600, 1 = 4800, 2 = 1200, 3 = 2400 4 = 19200, 5 = 38400, 6 = 57600, 7 = 115200 [0]: 7 (选择 7,用最大的11520速率的xmodem传输)
    change the boot characteristics? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)
    Configuration Summary
    enabled are:
    load rom after netboot fails
    console baud: 115200
    boot: image specified by the boot system commandsor default to: cisco2-C2600
    do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)
    You must reset or power cycle for new config to take effect
    注释:reset 回车注意:在按reset键前,需要修改串口速度(我的电脑--端口属性--串口速度调为115200),然后再修改超级终端里设置速率为115200,记住,一定要这么做,否则会出现乱码! 然后关闭这个超级终端,重新建立一个超级终端连接,重新启动系统后,出现
    rommon 1> 提示符然后,输入
    rommon 1> xmodem -r
    Do not start the sending program yet……
    Invoke this application only for disaster recovery.
    Do you wish to continue? y/n [n]: y (选择 yes)
    Ready to receive file ……
    注释:此时,在超级终端的菜单上的“传送”--“发送文件”--选择IOS映像文件所在地以及选择使用“xmodem”协议,点击“发送”即可。等待10-20分钟左右就可升级完3-6M的IOS文件!待升级完成后,请记住修改回计算机串口与超级终端、路由器confreg下的xmodem等传输速率为9600bps.

    方法如下:
    Router>en 进入新IOS的特权模式
    Router#reload 重启系统
    Proceed with reload? [confirm] 回车
    00:01:04: %SYS-5-RELOAD: Reload requested System Bootstrap, Version 11.3(2)XA4, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)Copyright (c) 1999 by cisco Systems, Inc.TAC:Home:SW:IOS:Specials for info PC = 0xfff0a530, Vector = 0x500, SP = 0x680127b0 C2600 platform with 24576 Kbytes of main memory PC = 0xfff0a530, Vector = 0x500, SP = 0x8000468 monitor: command "boot" aborted due to user interrupt
    30秒内按ctrl+break键
    rommon 1 > confreg ( 输入“confreg”命令)
    Configuration Summary
    enabled are:load rom after netboot fails
    console baud: 115200
    boot: image specified by the boot system commands or default to: cisco2-C2600
    do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: y (选择 yes)
    enable "diagnostic mode"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)
    enable "use nn IP brocast address"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)
    disable "load rom after netboot fails"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)
    enable "use all zero broadcast"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)
    enable "break/abort has effect"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)
    enable "ignore system config info"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)
    change console baud rate? y/n [n]: y (选择 yes)
    enter rate: 0 = 9600, 1 = 4800, 2 = 1200, 3 = 2400 4 = 19200, 5 = 38400, 6 = 57600, 7 = 115200 [7]: 0 (选择 0,改回用标准速率速率9600的xmodem传输)
    change the boot characteristics? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)
    Configuration Summary
    enabled are:load rom after netboot fails
    console baud: 9600
    boot: image specified by the boot system commands or default to: cisco2-C2600
    do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: n
    You must reset or power cycle for new config to take effect
    rommon 2 >
    此时手工改回计算机串口与超级终端2者传输速率为9600然后敲入
    rommon 2 >reset最好关掉电源后,重新启动。利用xmodem命令实现路由器IOS升级速度较慢,往往等上很长时间,为了快速升级,可以采用下列方法。


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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhongguiyao/p/8011923.html
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