• RDS MySQL 8.0 语句级并发控制


    RDS MySQL 8.0 语句级并发控制

    背景

    为了应对突发的数据库请求流量,资源消耗过载的语句访问,SQL 访问模型的变化, 并保持 MySQL 实例持续稳定运行,AliSQL 版本设计了基于语句规则的并发控制,Statement Concurrency Control,以下简称 CCL,有效控制匹配某种规则的并发度,并提供了一组工具包(DBMS_CCL package) 方便快捷使用。

    规则设计

    CCL 规则一共定义了三个维度的特征:
    1)SQL command
    根据 statement 的类型,例如 ‘SELECT', 'UPDATE', 'INSERT', 'DELETE';
    2)  Object
    根据 statement 操作的对象进行控制, 例如 TABLE,VIEW;
    3)keywords
    根据 statement 语句的关键字进行控制;

    CCL 根据规则的定义,设计了一个系统表,mysql.concurrency_control 持久化保存 CCL rule:

    Concurrency_control

    CREATE TABLE `concurrency_control` (
      `Id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
      `Type` enum('SELECT','UPDATE','INSERT','DELETE') NOT NULL DEFAULT 'SELECT',
      `Schema_name` varchar(64) COLLATE utf8_bin DEFAULT NULL,
      `Table_name` varchar(64) COLLATE utf8_bin DEFAULT NULL,
      `Concurrency_count` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL,
      `Keywords` text COLLATE utf8_bin,
      `State` enum('N','Y') NOT NULL DEFAULT 'Y',
      `Ordered` enum('N','Y') NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
      PRIMARY KEY (`Id`)
    ) /*!50100 TABLESPACE `mysql` */ ENGINE=InnoDB 
    DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin
    STATS_PERSISTENT=0 COMMENT='Concurrency control'

    COLUMNS

    • "Type"

      • 用来定义 SQL command
    • "Schema_name" && "Table_name"

      • 用来定义 Object
    • "Keywords"

      • 用来定义关键字,可使用 ';' 分隔符多个关键字
    • "Concurrency_count"

      • 用来定义并发度
    • "State"

      • 表示这条规则是否 active
    • "Ordered"

      • 表示keywords中多个关键字是否按顺序匹配

    用户可以直接操作这个表来定义规则,也可以使用 DBMS_CCL 工具包来操作 CCL rule。

    管理接口

    为了便捷的管理 CCL rule,AliSQL 在 DBMS_CCL package 中定义了四个 native procedure 来管理;

    1)Add CCL rule
    dbms_ccl.add_ccl_rule(type=>, schema=>, table=>, Concurrency_count=>, keywords=>);

    增加规则(包括表和内存)例如:

    1. 增加 SELECT 语句的并发度为 10;
        mysql> call dbms_ccl.add_ccl_rule('SELECT', '', '', 10, '');
        Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    
    2. 增加 SELECT 语句,并在语句中出现关键字 key1 的并发度为 20
        mysql> call dbms_ccl.add_ccl_rule('SELECT', '', '', 20, 'key1');
        Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    
    3. 增加 test.t 表的 SELECT 语句的并发读为 20;
        mysql> call dbms_ccl.add_ccl_rule('SELECT', 'test', 't', 30, '');
        Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

    规则的匹配按照 3 > 2 > 1 的优先级顺序进行匹配。

    2)Delete CCL rule
    dbms_ccl.del_ccl_rule(rule_id=> );

    删除规则(包括内存和表中)例如:

    1. 删除 rule id = 15 的 CCL rule
        mysql> call dbms_ccl.del_ccl_rule(15);
        Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
    
    2. 如果删除的rule 不存在,语句报相应的 warning
        mysql> call dbms_ccl.del_ccl_rule(100);
        Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)
    
        mysql> show warnings;
    +---------+------+----------------------------------------------------+
    | Level   | Code | Message                                            |
    +---------+------+----------------------------------------------------+
    | Warning | 7514 | Concurrency control rule 100 is not found in table |
    | Warning | 7514 | Concurrency control rule 100 is not found in cache |
    +---------+------+----------------------------------------------------+

    3) Show CCL rule
    dbms_ccl.show_ccl_rule();

    展示在内存中 active  rule 的情况,例如:

    mysql> call dbms_ccl.show_ccl_rule();
    +------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------------------+---------+---------+----------+----------+
    | ID   | TYPE   | SCHEMA | TABLE | STATE | ORDER | CONCURRENCY_COUNT | MATCHED | RUNNING | WAITTING | KEYWORDS |
    +------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------------------+---------+---------+----------+----------+
    |   17 | SELECT | test   | t     | Y     | N     |                30 |       0 |       0 |        0 |          |
    |   16 | SELECT |        |       | Y     | N     |                20 |       0 |       0 |        0 | key1     |
    |   18 | SELECT |        |       | Y     | N     |                10 |       0 |       0 |        0 |          |
    +------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------------------+---------+---------+----------+----------+

    除了 rule 本身的属性之外,增加了三个数字统计:

    1)MATCHED
    规则匹配成功次数
    2)RUNNING
    在此规则下,正在 run 的线程数
    3)WAITING
    在此规则下,正在 wait的线程数

     4)Flush CCL rule
    dbms_ccl.flush_ccl_rule();

      如果直接操作了concurrency_control table 修改规则, 不能立即生效,可以调用 flush,重新生效。例如:

    mysql> update mysql.concurrency_control set CONCURRENCY_COUNT = 15 where id = 18;
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
    Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0
    
    mysql> call dbms_ccl.flush_ccl_rule();
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

    压力测试

    测试场景

    1)设计三条规则
     Rule 1:对 sbtest1 表 应用 Object rule 控制

    call dbms_ccl.add_ccl_rule('SELECT', 'test', 'sbtest1', 3, '');

    Rule 2: 对sbtest2 表 应用 keyword rule 控制

    call dbms_ccl.add_ccl_rule('SELECT', '', '', 2, 'sbtest2');

    Rule 3: 对sbtest3 表 应用 SQL command 控制

    call dbms_ccl.add_ccl_rule('SELECT', '', '', 2, '');

    2)使用 sysbench 进行测试

    • 64 threads
    • 4 tables
    • select.lua

    查看规则并发使用情况,可以到到 running 和 waiting 的数量:

    mysql> call dbms_ccl.show_ccl_rule();
    +------+--------+--------+---------+-------+-------+-------------------+---------+---------+----------+----------+
    | ID   | TYPE   | SCHEMA | TABLE   | STATE | ORDER | CONCURRENCY_COUNT | MATCHED | RUNNING | WAITTING | KEYWORDS |
    +------+--------+--------+---------+-------+-------+-------------------+---------+---------+----------+----------+
    |   20 | SELECT | test   | sbtest1 | Y     | N     |                 3 |     389 |       3 |        9 |          |
    |   21 | SELECT |        |         | Y     | N     |                 2 |     375 |       2 |       14 | sbtest2  |
    |   22 | SELECT |        |         | Y     | N     |                 2 |     519 |       2 |       34 |          |
    +------+--------+--------+---------+-------+-------+-------------------+---------+---------+----------+----------+
    3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

    查看线程运行情况: 大部分处在 Concurrency control waitting 状态。

    mysql> show processlist;
    +-----+-----------------+-----------------+------+---------+------+------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
    | Id  | User            | Host            | db   | Command | Time | State                        | Info                                 |
    +-----+-----------------+-----------------+------+---------+------+------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
    |  72 | root            | localhost:33601 | NULL | Query   |    0 | starting                     | show processlist                     |
    | 171 | u1              | localhost:60120 | test | Query   |    2 | Concurrency control waitting | SELECT pad FROM sbtest3 WHERE id=51 |
    | 172 | u1              | localhost:60128 | test | Query   |    5 | Concurrency control waitting | SELECT pad FROM sbtest4 WHERE id=35 |
    | 174 | u1              | localhost:60385 | test | Query   |    4 | Concurrency control waitting | SELECT pad FROM sbtest3 WHERE id=54 |
    | 178 | u1              | localhost:60136 | test | Query   |   12 | Concurrency control waitting | SELECT pad FROM sbtest4 WHERE id=51 |
    | 179 | u1              | localhost:60149 | test | Query   |    5 | Concurrency control waitting | SELECT pad FROM sbtest2 WHERE id=51 |
    | 182 | u1              | localhost:60124 | test | Query   |    1 | Concurrency control waitting | SELECT pad FROM sbtest4 WHERE id=51 |
    | 183 | u1              | localhost:60371 | test | Query   |    5 | User sleep                   | SELECT pad FROM sbtest2 WHERE id=51 |
    | 184 | u1              | localhost:60133 | test | Query   |    4 | Concurrency control waitting | SELECT pad FROM sbtest3 WHERE id=51 |
    | 190 | u1              | localhost:60406 | test | Query   |    5 | Concurrency control waitting | SELECT pad FROM sbtest3 WHERE id=51 |
    | 191 | u1              | localhost:60402 | test | Query   |    1 | Concurrency control waitting | SELECT pad FROM sbtest4 WHERE id=51 |
    | 192 | u1              | localhost:60131 | test | Query   |    2 | User sleep                   | SELECT pad FROM sbtest1 WHERE id=51 |
    
    ......

    使用规则和风险

    1. Concurrency_control 被设计成不产生 BINLOG,所以对于 CCL 的操作只影响当前实例。
    2. 对于 DML 的并发控制,可能存在事务锁死锁的情况, 除了 CCL 提供了超时机制,
      同时等待中的线程也会响应事务超时和线程 KILL 操作,以应对死锁可能。

    本文作者:Ali_冷香

    原文链接

    本文为云栖社区原创内容,未经允许不得转载。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhaowei121/p/11060076.html
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