• yum源配置


    我这里使用的centos7操作系统。 下载地址是:https://www.centos.org/download/

    yum仓库的创建可以参考: http://www.cnblogs.com/zhaojiedi1992/p/zhaojiedi_linux_037_yumrepo.html

    yum源配置大致流程如下:

    1 添加光盘

    将安装光盘(我用的是CentOS-7-x86_64-Everything-1511.iso), 添加到vmware的光盘项中去。如下图

    注意 :选择了安装包后,确保上面的那个设备状态的2个复选框是勾选中的。

    2 挂载光盘

    执行下面命令

    [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /mnt/cdrom               #创建一个目录
    [root@localhost ~]# mount -r /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom    #挂载光盘到指定的目录
    [root@localhost ~]# tail -n 1 /etc/mtab >>/etc/fstab   #挂载信息写入到配置文件中去,开机自动挂载

    3 添加repo文件

    [root@localhost /] cd /etc/yum.repos.d/  #进入yum配置目录
    [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls      #查看目录下已有的配置项
    CentOS-Base.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Media.repo    CentOS-Vault.repo
    CentOS-CR.repo    CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo
    CentOS-Base.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Media.repo    CentOS-Vault.repo
    CentOS-CR.repo    CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo
    [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mkdir backup  #创建一个备份目录
    [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv *.* backup  #当前目录的文件移动到备份目录中去
    [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls        #查看当前目录
    backup
    [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cp backup/CentOS-Base.repo localcdrom.repo  #赋值一个repo文件到yum的配置目录中
    [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
    backup  localcdrom.repo
    [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vi localcdrom.repo   #编辑这个repo文件
    [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cat localcdrom.repo   #检查repo的配置
    [localcdrom]
    name=localcdrom
    baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

    这里说一下repo文件的选项意义:

    • [localcdrom] : 这个是repo的识别号。必须是唯一的。不能有重复的
    • name:repo的名字: 中间可以有空格
    • baseurl: 这个是yum源的地址, ftp:// 是ftp协议, http://是http协议的, ftp://是ftp协议的, 这里配置的file:///mnt/cdrom/就是/mnt/cdrom这个目录就是本地yum的配置地址。确保这个目录有repodata目录。
    • gpgcheck=1 :进行包检测
    • gpgkey: 包检测秘钥路径。支持http,ftp,file三种协议的
    • cost: 代价(默认是2000) 越小优先级越高。

    4 清空yum和重新生成缓存

    [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum clean all  #清空yum 缓存
    Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
    Cleaning repos: localcdrom
    Cleaning up everything
    Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
    [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum makecache  #生成yum缓存
    Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
    localcdrom                                                                                            | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
    (1/4): localcdrom/group_gz                                                                            | 155 kB  00:00:00     
    (2/4): localcdrom/filelists_db                                                                        | 6.2 MB  00:00:00     
    (3/4): localcdrom/primary_db                                                                          | 5.3 MB  00:00:00     
    (4/4): localcdrom/other_db                                                                            | 2.3 MB  00:00:00     
    Determining fastest mirrors
    Metadata Cache Created

    5 配置好了。 那就测试一下吧。

    [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install lftp    #这里测试一个ftp工具
    Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
    Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
    Resolving Dependencies
    --> Running transaction check
    ---> Package lftp.x86_64 0:4.4.8-7.el7 will be installed
    --> Finished Dependency Resolution
    
    Dependencies Resolved
    
    =============================================================================================================================
     Package                  Arch                       Version                            Repository                      Size
    =============================================================================================================================
    Installing:
     lftp                     x86_64                     4.4.8-7.el7                        localcdrom                     750 k
    
    Transaction Summary
    =============================================================================================================================
    Install  1 Package
    
    Total download size: 750 k
    Installed size: 2.4 M
    Is this ok [y/d/N]: y            #输入y确认
    Downloading packages:
    Running transaction check
    Running transaction test
    Transaction test succeeded
    Running transaction
      Installing : lftp-4.4.8-7.el7.x86_64                                                                                   1/1 
      Verifying  : lftp-4.4.8-7.el7.x86_64                                                                                   1/1 
    
    Installed:
      lftp.x86_64 0:4.4.8-7.el7                                                                                                  
    
    Complete!

    6 提供一些国内一些比较出名的一些yum源地址吧

    阿里:http://mirrors.aliyun.com/

    网易:http://mirrors.163.com/

    搜狐:http://mirrors.sohu.com/

    注意: aliyun上面是直接提供了repo文件下载的。我们可以直接下载ali官方提供的repo文件。 不用我们自己编写的,这里我截了两张aliyun的图。

     

    7 提供我本地的一个配置吧

    /etc/yum.repos.d/cdrom.repo

    [cdrom]
    name=cdrom
    baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

    8 重要环境变量

    • $releasever : 红帽的发布版本,如果是centos6的系统,这个变量就是6。
    • $basearch:系统架构,等价于uname -m,这个值x86_64,i686等这些数值。
    • $uuid:机器的唯一数值,这个参数一般不用的。
    • $YUM0 - $YUM9:这个是自定义的环境变量。

    注意: 从3.2.28开始,/etc/yum/vars目录下的的任何文件都将变成一个以文件名命名的变量,变量值为文件的内容,如果设置了,会覆盖上面的设置的。如/etc/yum/vars/system的内容为abc,那么system变量的值就是abc。

    9 官方的repo文件分析

    # CentOS-Base.repo
    #
    # The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
    # update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
    # geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
    # unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
    #
    # If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the 
    # remarked out baseurl= line instead.
    #
    #
     
    [base]
    name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com
    failovermethod=priority
    baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
            http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
    #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
     
    #released updates 
    [updates]
    name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com
    failovermethod=priority
    baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
            http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
    #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
     
    #additional packages that may be useful
    [extras]
    name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com
    failovermethod=priority
    baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
            http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
    #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
     
    #additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
    [centosplus]
    name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus - mirrors.aliyun.com
    failovermethod=priority
    baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
            http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
    #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
    gpgcheck=1
    enabled=0
    gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
     
    #contrib - packages by Centos Users
    [contrib]
    name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib - mirrors.aliyun.com
    failovermethod=priority
    baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
            http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
    #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib
    gpgcheck=1
    enabled=0
    gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

    这个repo样例,主要有base,updates,extras,centosplus,contrib几个片段, 每个片段都很基本,baseurl写了2个,使用了$releasever,$basearch这些内置变量。

     10 epel源安装

    EPEL的全称叫Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 。EPEL是由 Fedora 社区打造,为 RHEL 及衍生发行版如 CentOS、Scientific Linux 等提供高质量软件包的项目。装上了 EPEL之后,就相当于添加了一个第三方源。

    参考: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/help/epel

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhaojiedi1992/p/zhaojiedi_linux_002.html
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