Oracle 10g如何对用户姓名，按首字母排序、查询

首先介绍Oracle 9i新增加的一个系统自带的排序函数 
1、按首字母排序 
在oracle9i中新增了按照拼音、部首、笔画排序功能。设置NLS_SORT值     
SCHINESE_RADICAL_M   按照部首（第一顺序）、笔划（第二顺序）排序     
SCHINESE_STROKE_M   按照笔划（第一顺序）、部首（第二顺序）排序     
SCHINESE_PINYIN_M   按照拼音排序 
oracle9i中新增了按照拼音、部首、笔画排序功能 
用法示例: 

拼音
SELECT * FROM TEAM ORDER BY NLSSORT(排序字段,'NLS_SORT = SCHINESE_PINYIN_M')
笔划
SELECT * FROM TEAM ORDER BY NLSSORT(排序字段,'NLS_SORT = SCHINESE_STROKE_M')
部首
SELECT * FROM TEAM ORDER BY NLSSORT(排序字段,'NLS_SORT = SCHINESE_RADICAL_M')

2、按首字母拼音查询 
首先我们要创建一个可以查询汉字首字母的函数，函数代码如下： 

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION F_TRANS_PINYIN_CAPITAL(P_NAME IN VARCHAR2) RETURN VARCHAR2 AS
V_COMPARE VARCHAR2(100);
V_RETURN VARCHAR2(4000);

FUNCTION F_NLSSORT(P_WORD IN VARCHAR2) RETURN VARCHAR2 AS
BEGIN
RETURN NLSSORT(P_WORD, 'NLS_SORT=SCHINESE_PINYIN_M');
END;
BEGIN
FOR I IN 1..LENGTH(P_NAME) LOOP
V_COMPARE := F_NLSSORT(SUBSTR(P_NAME, I, 1));
IF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT(' 吖 ') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('驁 ') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'a';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('八 ') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('簿 ') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'b';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('嚓 ') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('錯 ') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'c';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('咑 ') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('鵽 ') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'd';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('妸 ') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('樲 ') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'e';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('发 ') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('猤 ') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'f';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('旮 ') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('腂 ') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'g';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('妎 ') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('夻 ') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'h';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('丌 ') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('攈 ') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'j';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('咔 ') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('穒 ') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'k';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('垃 ') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('擽 ') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'l';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('嘸 ') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('椧 ') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'm';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('拏 ') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('瘧 ') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'n';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('筽 ') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('漚 ') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'o';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('妑 ') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('曝 ') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'p';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('七 ') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('裠 ') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'q';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('亽 ') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('鶸 ') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'r';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('仨 ') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('蜶 ') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 's';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('侤 ') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('籜 ') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 't';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('屲 ') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('鶩 ') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'w';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('夕 ') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('鑂 ') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'x';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('丫 ') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('韻 ') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'y';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('帀 ') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('咗 ') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'z';
END IF;
END LOOP;
RETURN V_RETURN;
END;

随后，我们可以先取出姓名，然后截取第一个汉字，最后取汉字的首字母，即可用来作为查询条件 

select e.fullname,e.expert_id from expert e where f_trans_pinyin_capital(substr(e.fullname,1,1)) = 'z'

最后展示一个将两个结合起来运用的例子： 

select e.expert_id,e.eperson_id,e.fullname,
sum(b2i.browse_num) browsecount,
count(o.object_id),wmsys.wm_concat(distinct d.name)
from expert e
left join expert2disciplinetype e2d on e2d.expert_id = e.expert_id
left join disciplinetype d on d.discipline_type_id = e2d.discipline_type_id
and d.upid = '0'
left join community2expert c2e on c2e.expert_id = e.expert_id
left join item i on i.item_type_id = 'AcademicRes' and i.withdrawn = 'N'
join metadatavalue m on m.item_id = i.item_id and m.metadata_field_id = '64'
join objectpublishinfo o on o.object_id = i.item_id
and o.object_type = 'item' and o.viewobjecttype = 'eperson'
and o.viewobjectid = e.eperson_id and o.state = '1'
and o.publishstate_id = '3'
left join browse2item b2i on b2i.item_id = o.object_id
where e.state = '1' and f_trans_pinyin_capital(substr(e.fullname,1,1)) = 'z'
group by e.expert_id,e.eperson_id,e.fullname
order by nlssort(e.fullname,'NLS_SORT=SCHINESE_PINYIN_M')

转自：http://zheng12tian.iteye.com/blog/817571