• SpringCloud微服务基础


    1、传统项目架构 

    传统项目分为三层架构,将业务逻辑层、数据库访问层、控制层放入在一个项目中。适合于个人或者小团队开发,不适合大团队开发。

     

    2、分布式项目架构(解耦方案)

    根据业务需求进行拆分成N个子系统,多个子系统相互协作才能完成业务流程,子系统之间通讯使用RPC远程通讯技术。

    优点:

    1.把模块拆分,使用接口通信,降低模块之间的耦合度。

    2.把项目拆分成若干个子项目,不同的团队负责不同的子项目。

    3.增加功能时只需要再增加一个子项目,调用其它系统的接口就可以。

    4.可以灵活的进行分布式部署。

    缺点:

    1.系统之间交互需要使用远程通信,接口开发增加工作量。

    2.各个模块有一些通用的业务逻辑无法共用。

     

    3、集群(解决高并发)
    多台服务器部署相同代码的应用,构成一个集群
    作用:通过负载均衡设备共同对外提供服务

     

    4、RPC远程调用

    RPC 的全称是 Remote Procedure Call 是一种进程间通信方式。比如两台服务器A,B,一个应用部署在A服务器上,想要调用B服务器上应用提供的方法,由于不在一个内存空间,不能直接调用,这时候需要通过就可以应用RPC框架的实现来解决

    RPC远程调用框架:

    (1)RMI实现,利用java.rmi包实现,基于Java远程方法协议(Java Remote Method Protocol) 和java的原生序列化。 

    (2)Hessian,是一个轻量级的remoting onhttp工具,使用简单的方法提供了RMI的功能。 基于HTTP协议,采用二进制编解码。 

    (3)thrift是一种可伸缩的跨语言服务的软件框架。thrift允许你定义一个描述文件,描述数据类型和服务接口。依据该文件,编译器方便地生成RPC客户端和服务器通信代码。

    (4)SpringCloud 为开发人员提供了快速构建分布式系统的一些工具,包括配置管理、服务发现、断路器、路由、微代理、事件总线、全局锁、决策竞选、分布式会话等等。

    (5) Dubbo是阿里巴巴公司开源的一个高性能优秀的服务框架,使得应用可通过高性能的 RPC 实现服务的输出和输入功能,可以和 Spring框架无缝集成。

     

    5、面向于服务架构(SOA)

    业务系统分解为多个组件,让每个组件都独立提供离散,自治,可复用的服务能力,通过服务的组合和编排来实现上层的业务流程

    作用:简化维护,降低整体风险,伸缩灵活

    缺点:网络延迟、维护复杂、不好整合、编写复杂

    通讯协议SOAP: HTTP+XML序列化与反序列化(重量级)

     

    6、微服务架构

    SOA的升级,更加细分、轻量级、独立运行

    通讯协议:HTTP+JSON+rest风格

     

    7、SpringCloud

    SpringCloud 为开发人员提供了快速构建分布式系统的一些工具,包括配置管理、注册中心(服务发现、服务注册)、断路器、路由、负载均衡、接口网关(ZUUL)微代理、事件总线、全局锁、决策竞选、分布式会话等等。

    rest、feign:客户端调用(HttpClient)

    ribbon:负载均衡

    zuul:接口网关

    eureka:服务注册

     

    8、服务的注册与发现

     


    9、什么是Eureka

    Eureka是Netflix开源的一个RESTful服务,主要用于服务的注册发现。Eureka由两个组件组成:Eureka服务器和Eureka客户端。Eureka服务器用作服务注册服务器。Eureka客户端是一个java客户端,用来简化与服务器的交互、作为轮询负载均衡器,并提供服务的故障切换支持。

     

    10、分布式服务调用案例

    创建Eureka注册中心项目

      创建application.yml文件,添加配置:

    server:
      port: 8888
    eureka:
      instance:
        hostname: localhost
      client:
        registerWithEureka: false
        fetchRegistry: false
        serviceUrl:
          defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/

      在pom.xml文件中添加依赖:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
        <groupId>com.zhang</groupId>
        <artifactId>eurekaserver</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <name>eurekaserver</name>
        <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    
        <parent>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
            <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
            <relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
        </parent>
        <properties>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
            <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        </properties>
    
        <dependencies>
            <!--eureka server -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
        <dependencyManagement>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                    <version>Dalston.RC1</version>
                    <type>pom</type>
                    <scope>import</scope>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </dependencyManagement>
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
        <repositories>
            <repository>
                <id>spring-milestones</id>
                <name>Spring Milestones</name>
                <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
                <snapshots>
                    <enabled>false</enabled>
                </snapshots>
            </repository>
        </repositories>
    
    </project>

     创建EurekaserverApplication.java文件:

    package com.zhang;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableEurekaServer
    public class EurekaserverApplication {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(EurekaserverApplication.class, args);
        }
    
    }

    启动项目:http://127.0.0.1:8888/,Eureka注册中心启动成功界面

     

    创建Service_Menber生产者项目,类似于Eureka项目的创建过程

    添加配置

    eureka:
      client:
        serviceUrl:
          defaultZone: http://localhost:8888/eureka/
    server:
      port: 8762
    spring:
      application:
        name: service-member

    添加依赖:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
        <groupId>com.zhang</groupId>
        <artifactId>servicemember</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <name>servicemember</name>
        <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    
        <parent>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
            <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
            <relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
        </parent>
        <properties>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
            <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        </properties>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
        </dependencies>
        <dependencyManagement>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                    <version>Dalston.RC1</version>
                    <type>pom</type>
                    <scope>import</scope>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </dependencyManagement>
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
        <repositories>
            <repository>
                <id>spring-milestones</id>
                <name>Spring Milestones</name>
                <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
                <snapshots>
                    <enabled>false</enabled>
                </snapshots>
            </repository>
        </repositories>
    
    
    </project>

    添加Java类:

    package com.zhang;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableEurekaClient
    public class ServicememberApplication {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(ServicememberApplication.class, args);
        }
    
    }
    package com.zhang.controller;
    
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.List;
    
    @RestController
    public class MemberController {
    
        @RequestMapping("/getMemberAll")
        public List<String> getUserList() {
            List<String> listUser = new ArrayList<String>();
            listUser.add("zhangsan");
            listUser.add("lisi");
            listUser.add("zhang");
            return listUser;
        }
    
    }

    启动项目,访问http://127.0.0.1:8762/getMemberAll,检查Service_Menber项目能否正常运行

    创建消费者项目,Service_Order(基于Rest访问)

    添加配置:

    eureka:
      client:
        serviceUrl:
          defaultZone: http://localhost:8888/eureka/
    server:
      port: 8764
    spring:
      application:
        name: service-order

    添加依赖:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
        <groupId>com.zhang</groupId>
        <artifactId>serciceorder</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <name>serciceorder</name>
        <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
        <parent>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
            <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
            <relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
        </parent>
    
        <properties>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
            <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        </properties>
    
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
        </dependencies>
    
        <dependencyManagement>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                    <version>Dalston.RC1</version>
                    <type>pom</type>
                    <scope>import</scope>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </dependencyManagement>
    
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    
        <repositories>
            <repository>
                <id>spring-milestones</id>
                <name>Spring Milestones</name>
                <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
                <snapshots>
                    <enabled>false</enabled>
                </snapshots>
            </repository>
        </repositories>
    
    </project>

    添加Java代码:

    package com.zhang;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
    
    @EnableEurekaClient
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class SerciceorderApplication {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(SerciceorderApplication.class, args);
        }
    
    
        @Bean
        @LoadBalanced
        RestTemplate restTemplate() {
            return new RestTemplate();
        }
    
    }
    package com.zhang.controller;
    
    import com.zhang.service.OrderMemberService;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    @RestController
    public class OrderController {
        @Autowired
        private OrderMemberService orderMemberService;
    
        @RequestMapping("/getOrderUserAll")
        public List<String> getOrderUserAll() {
            System.out.println("订单服务开始调用会员服务");
            return orderMemberService.getOrderUserAll();
    
        }
    
    }
    package com.zhang.service;
    
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
    import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    @Service
    public class OrderMemberService {
        @Autowired
        private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    
        public List<String> getOrderUserAll() {
            return restTemplate.getForObject("http://service-member/getMemberAll", List.class);
        }
    
    }

    启动项目,访问http://127.0.0.1:8764/getOrderUserAll,显示出Service_Menber的内容,说明三个项目搭建成功

    创建消费者项目(基于Feign)

    添加配置:

    eureka:
      client:
        serviceUrl:
          defaultZone: http://localhost:8888/eureka/
    server:
      port: 8765
    spring:
      application:
        name: service-order-feign

    添加依赖:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
        <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                 xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <groupId>com.zhang</groupId>
        <artifactId>feign</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <name>feign</name>
        <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
        <parent>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
            <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
            <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
        </parent>
    
        <properties>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
            <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        </properties>
    
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
            </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
                </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
        <dependencyManagement>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                    <version>Dalston.RC1</version>
                    <type>pom</type>
                    <scope>import</scope>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </dependencyManagement>
    
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    
        <repositories>
            <repository>
                <id>spring-milestones</id>
                <name>Spring Milestones</name>
                <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
                <snapshots>
                    <enabled>false</enabled>
                </snapshots>
            </repository>
        </repositories>
    </project>

    添加Java文件:

    package com.zhang;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.EnableFeignClients;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableEurekaClient
    @EnableFeignClients
    public class FeignApplication {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(FeignApplication.class, args);
        }
    
    }
    package com.zhang.controller;
    
    import com.zhang.service.OrderService;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    @RestController
    public class OrderController {
    
        @Autowired
        private OrderService orderService;
    
        @RequestMapping("/getFeignOrderByUserList")
        public List<String> getFeignOrderByUserList() {
            return orderService.getOrderByUserList();
        }
    }
    package com.zhang.service;
    
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    @FeignClient("service-member")
    public interface OrderService {
        @RequestMapping("/getMemberAll")
        public List<String> getOrderByUserList();
    }

    启动项目,访问http://127.0.0.1:8765/getFeignOrderByUserList,显示内容与Service_Menber一样,说明搭建成功

    到此简单的分布式项目搭建成功。。。。。

    整个项目代码:https://download.csdn.net/download/u013865056/10911669

     

     

     

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhangjinru123/p/10241710.html
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