1、传统项目架构
传统项目分为三层架构,将业务逻辑层、数据库访问层、控制层放入在一个项目中。适合于个人或者小团队开发,不适合大团队开发。
2、分布式项目架构(解耦方案)
根据业务需求进行拆分成N个子系统,多个子系统相互协作才能完成业务流程,子系统之间通讯使用RPC远程通讯技术。
优点:
1.把模块拆分,使用接口通信,降低模块之间的耦合度。
2.把项目拆分成若干个子项目,不同的团队负责不同的子项目。
3.增加功能时只需要再增加一个子项目,调用其它系统的接口就可以。
4.可以灵活的进行分布式部署。
缺点:
1.系统之间交互需要使用远程通信,接口开发增加工作量。
2.各个模块有一些通用的业务逻辑无法共用。
3、集群(解决高并发)
多台服务器部署相同代码的应用,构成一个集群
作用:通过负载均衡设备共同对外提供服务
4、RPC远程调用
RPC 的全称是 Remote Procedure Call 是一种进程间通信方式。比如两台服务器A,B,一个应用部署在A服务器上,想要调用B服务器上应用提供的方法,由于不在一个内存空间,不能直接调用,这时候需要通过就可以应用RPC框架的实现来解决
RPC远程调用框架:
(1)RMI实现,利用java.rmi包实现,基于Java远程方法协议(Java Remote Method Protocol) 和java的原生序列化。
(2)Hessian,是一个轻量级的remoting onhttp工具,使用简单的方法提供了RMI的功能。 基于HTTP协议,采用二进制编解码。
(3)thrift是一种可伸缩的跨语言服务的软件框架。thrift允许你定义一个描述文件,描述数据类型和服务接口。依据该文件,编译器方便地生成RPC客户端和服务器通信代码。
(4)SpringCloud 为开发人员提供了快速构建分布式系统的一些工具,包括配置管理、服务发现、断路器、路由、微代理、事件总线、全局锁、决策竞选、分布式会话等等。
(5) Dubbo是阿里巴巴公司开源的一个高性能优秀的服务框架,使得应用可通过高性能的 RPC 实现服务的输出和输入功能,可以和 Spring框架无缝集成。
5、面向于服务架构(SOA)
业务系统分解为多个组件,让每个组件都独立提供离散,自治,可复用的服务能力,通过服务的组合和编排来实现上层的业务流程
作用:简化维护,降低整体风险,伸缩灵活
缺点:网络延迟、维护复杂、不好整合、编写复杂
通讯协议SOAP: HTTP+XML序列化与反序列化(重量级)
6、微服务架构
SOA的升级,更加细分、轻量级、独立运行
通讯协议:HTTP+JSON+rest风格
7、SpringCloud
SpringCloud 为开发人员提供了快速构建分布式系统的一些工具,包括配置管理、注册中心(服务发现、服务注册)、断路器、路由、负载均衡、接口网关(ZUUL)微代理、事件总线、全局锁、决策竞选、分布式会话等等。
rest、feign:客户端调用(HttpClient)
ribbon:负载均衡
zuul:接口网关
eureka:服务注册
8、服务的注册与发现
9、什么是Eureka
Eureka是Netflix开源的一个RESTful服务,主要用于服务的注册发现。Eureka由两个组件组成:Eureka服务器和Eureka客户端。Eureka服务器用作服务注册服务器。Eureka客户端是一个java客户端,用来简化与服务器的交互、作为轮询负载均衡器,并提供服务的故障切换支持。
10、分布式服务调用案例
创建Eureka注册中心项目
创建application.yml文件,添加配置:
server:
port: 8888
eureka:
instance:
hostname: localhost
client:
registerWithEureka: false
fetchRegistry: false
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/
在pom.xml文件中添加依赖:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.zhang</groupId>
<artifactId>eurekaserver</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>eurekaserver</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!--eureka server -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Dalston.RC1</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>spring-milestones</id>
<name>Spring Milestones</name>
<url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
</repository>
</repositories>
</project>
创建EurekaserverApplication.java文件:
package com.zhang;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class EurekaserverApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(EurekaserverApplication.class, args);
}
}
启动项目:http://127.0.0.1:8888/,Eureka注册中心启动成功界面
创建Service_Menber生产者项目,类似于Eureka项目的创建过程
添加配置
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8888/eureka/
server:
port: 8762
spring:
application:
name: service-member
添加依赖:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.zhang</groupId>
<artifactId>servicemember</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>servicemember</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Dalston.RC1</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>spring-milestones</id>
<name>Spring Milestones</name>
<url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
</repository>
</repositories>
</project>
添加Java类:
package com.zhang;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class ServicememberApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ServicememberApplication.class, args);
}
}
package com.zhang.controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
@RestController
public class MemberController {
@RequestMapping("/getMemberAll")
public List<String> getUserList() {
List<String> listUser = new ArrayList<String>();
listUser.add("zhangsan");
listUser.add("lisi");
listUser.add("zhang");
return listUser;
}
}
启动项目,访问http://127.0.0.1:8762/getMemberAll,检查Service_Menber项目能否正常运行
创建消费者项目,Service_Order(基于Rest访问)
添加配置:
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8888/eureka/
server:
port: 8764
spring:
application:
name: service-order
添加依赖:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.zhang</groupId>
<artifactId>serciceorder</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>serciceorder</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Dalston.RC1</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>spring-milestones</id>
<name>Spring Milestones</name>
<url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
</repository>
</repositories>
</project>
添加Java代码:
package com.zhang;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@EnableEurekaClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class SerciceorderApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SerciceorderApplication.class, args);
}
@Bean
@LoadBalanced
RestTemplate restTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
package com.zhang.controller;
import com.zhang.service.OrderMemberService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.util.List;
@RestController
public class OrderController {
@Autowired
private OrderMemberService orderMemberService;
@RequestMapping("/getOrderUserAll")
public List<String> getOrderUserAll() {
System.out.println("订单服务开始调用会员服务");
return orderMemberService.getOrderUserAll();
}
}
package com.zhang.service;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import java.util.List;
@Service
public class OrderMemberService {
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
public List<String> getOrderUserAll() {
return restTemplate.getForObject("http://service-member/getMemberAll", List.class);
}
}
启动项目,访问http://127.0.0.1:8764/getOrderUserAll,显示出Service_Menber的内容,说明三个项目搭建成功
创建消费者项目(基于Feign)
添加配置:
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8888/eureka/
server:
port: 8765
spring:
application:
name: service-order-feign
添加依赖:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.zhang</groupId>
<artifactId>feign</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>feign</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Dalston.RC1</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>spring-milestones</id>
<name>Spring Milestones</name>
<url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
</repository>
</repositories>
</project>
添加Java文件:
package com.zhang;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.EnableFeignClients;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableFeignClients
public class FeignApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(FeignApplication.class, args);
}
}
package com.zhang.controller;
import com.zhang.service.OrderService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.util.List;
@RestController
public class OrderController {
@Autowired
private OrderService orderService;
@RequestMapping("/getFeignOrderByUserList")
public List<String> getFeignOrderByUserList() {
return orderService.getOrderByUserList();
}
}
package com.zhang.service;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import java.util.List;
@FeignClient("service-member")
public interface OrderService {
@RequestMapping("/getMemberAll")
public List<String> getOrderByUserList();
}
启动项目,访问http://127.0.0.1:8765/getFeignOrderByUserList,显示内容与Service_Menber一样,说明搭建成功
到此简单的分布式项目搭建成功。。。。。
整个项目代码:https://download.csdn.net/download/u013865056/10911669