在Guava中新增了一个新的类型Range,从名字就可以了解到,这个是和区间有关的数据结构。从Google官方文档可以得到定义:Range定义了连续跨度的范围边界,这个连续跨度是一个可以比较的类型(Comparable type)。比如1到100之间的整型数据。
在数学里面的范围是有边界和无边界之分的;同样,在Guava中也有这个说法。如果这个范围是有边界的,那么这个范围又可以分为包括开集(不包括端点)和闭集(包括端点);如果是无解的可以用+∞表示。如果枚举的话,一共有九种范围表示:
概念 | 表示范围 | guava对应功能方法 |
(a..b) | {x | a < x < b} | open(C, C) |
[a..b] | {x | a <= x <= b} | closed(C, C) |
[a..b) | {x | a <= x < b} | closedOpen(C, C) |
(a..b] | {x | a < x <= b} | openClosed(C, C) |
(a..+∞) | {x | x > a} | greaterThan(C) |
[a..+∞) | {x | x >= a} | atLeast(C) |
(-∞..b) | {x | x < b} | lessThan(C) |
(-∞..b] | {x | x <= b} | atMost(C) |
(-∞..+∞) | all values | all() |
上表中的guava对应功能方法那一栏表示Range类提供的方法,分别来表示九种可能出现的范围区间。如果区间两边都存在范围,在这种情况下,区间右边的数不可能比区间左边的数小。在极端情况下,区间两边的数是相等的,但前提条件是最少有一个边界是闭集的,否则是不成立的。比如:
[a..a] : 里面只有一个数a;
[a..a); (a..a] : 空的区间范围,但是是有效的;
(a..a) : 这种情况是无效的,构造这样的Range将会抛出异常。
在使用Range时需要注意:在构造区间时,尽量使用不可改变的类型。如果你需要使用可变的类型,在区间类型构造完成的情况下,请不要改变区间两边的数。
实例:
public class TestBaseRange {
@Test public void testRange(){ System.out.println("open:"+Range.open(1, 10)); System.out.println("closed:"+ Range.closed(1, 10)); System.out.println("closedOpen:"+ Range.closedOpen(1, 10)); System.out.println("openClosed:"+ Range.openClosed(1, 10)); System.out.println("greaterThan:"+ Range.greaterThan(10)); System.out.println("atLeast:"+ Range.atLeast(10)); System.out.println("lessThan:"+ Range.lessThan(10)); System.out.println("atMost:"+ Range.atMost(10)); System.out.println("all:"+ Range.all()); System.out.println("closed:"+Range.closed(10, 10)); System.out.println("closedOpen:"+Range.closedOpen(10, 10)); //会抛出异常 System.out.println("open:"+Range.open(10, 10)); } }
此外,范围可以构造实例通过绑定类型显式,例如:
public class TestBaseRange { @Test public void testRange(){ System.out.println("downTo:"+Range.downTo(4, BoundType.OPEN)); System.out.println("upTo:"+Range.upTo(4, BoundType.CLOSED)); System.out.println("range:"+Range.range(1, BoundType.CLOSED, 4, BoundType.OPEN)); } }
输出:
downTo:(4‥+∞) upTo:(-∞‥4] range:[1‥4)
操作方法
1.contains:判断值是否在当前Range内
@Test public void testContains(){ System.out.println(Range.closed(1, 3).contains(2)); System.out.println(Range.closed(1, 3).contains(4)); System.out.println(Range.lessThan(5).contains(5)); System.out.println(Range.closed(1, 4).containsAll(Ints.asList(1, 2, 3))); } //=====输出===== true false false true
2.Endpoint相关查询方法:
@Test public void testQuery(){ System.out.println("hasLowerBound:"+Range.closedOpen(4, 4).hasLowerBound()); System.out.println("hasUpperBound:"+Range.closedOpen(4, 4).hasUpperBound()); System.out.println(Range.closedOpen(4, 4).isEmpty()); System.out.println(Range.openClosed(4, 4).isEmpty()); System.out.println(Range.closed(4, 4).isEmpty()); // Range.open throws IllegalArgumentException //System.out.println(Range.open(4, 4).isEmpty()); System.out.println(Range.closed(3, 10).lowerEndpoint()); System.out.println(Range.open(3, 10).lowerEndpoint()); System.out.println(Range.closed(3, 10).upperEndpoint()); System.out.println(Range.open(3, 10).upperEndpoint()); System.out.println(Range.closed(3, 10).lowerBoundType()); System.out.println(Range.open(3, 10).upperBoundType()); } //======输出======= hasLowerBound:true hasUpperBound:true true true false 3 3 10 10 CLOSED OPEN
3.encloses方法:encloses(Range range)中的range是否包含在需要比较的range中
@Test public void testEncloses(){ Range<Integer> rangeBase=Range.open(1, 4); Range<Integer> rangeClose=Range.closed(2, 3); Range<Integer> rangeCloseOpen=Range.closedOpen(2, 4); Range<Integer> rangeCloseOther=Range.closedOpen(2, 5); System.out.println("rangeBase: "+rangeBase+" Enclose:"+rangeBase.encloses(rangeClose)+" rangeClose:"+rangeClose); System.out.println("rangeBase: "+rangeBase+" Enclose:"+rangeBase.encloses(rangeCloseOpen)+" rangeClose:"+rangeCloseOpen); System.out.println("rangeBase: "+rangeBase+" Enclose:"+rangeBase.encloses(rangeCloseOther)+" rangeClose:"+rangeCloseOther); } //=======输出======== rangeBase: (1‥4) Enclose:true rangeClose:[2‥3] rangeBase: (1‥4) Enclose:true rangeClose:[2‥4) rangeBase: (1‥4) Enclose:false rangeClose:[2‥5)
4.isConnected:range是否可连接上
@Test public void testConnected(){ System.out.println(Range.closed(3, 5).isConnected(Range.open(5, 10))); System.out.println(Range.closed(0, 9).isConnected(Range.closed(3, 4))); System.out.println(Range.closed(0, 5).isConnected(Range.closed(3, 9))); System.out.println(Range.open(3, 5).isConnected(Range.open(5, 10))); System.out.println(Range.closed(1, 5).isConnected(Range.closed(6, 10))); } //======输出========= true true true false false
4.intersection:如果两个range相连时,返回最大交集,如果不相连时,直接抛出异常
@Test public void testIntersection(){ System.out.println(Range.closed(3, 5).intersection(Range.open(5, 10))); System.out.println(Range.closed(0, 9).intersection(Range.closed(3, 4))); System.out.println(Range.closed(0, 5).intersection(Range.closed(3, 9))); System.out.println(Range.open(3, 5).intersection(Range.open(5, 10))); System.out.println(Range.closed(1, 5).intersection(Range.closed(6, 10))); } //=======输出========= (5‥5] [3‥4] [3‥5] 注意:第四和第五行代码,当集合不相连时,会直接报错
5.span:获取两个range的并集,如果两个range是两连的,则是其最小range
@Test public void testSpan(){ System.out.println(Range.closed(3, 5).span(Range.open(5, 10))); System.out.println(Range.closed(0, 9).span(Range.closed(3, 4))); System.out.println(Range.closed(0, 5).span(Range.closed(3, 9))); System.out.println(Range.open(3, 5).span(Range.open(5, 10))); System.out.println(Range.closed(1, 5).span(Range.closed(6, 10))); System.out.println(Range.closed(1, 5).span(Range.closed(7, 10))); } //=====输出======= true true true false false