双向链表实现简单的list

双向链表结构：

定义一个如下结构体

struct Node
{
    Object data;
    Node *next;
    Node *prev;
};

下面为list的具体实现：

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

template <typename Object>
class List
{
private:
    //链表结点的定义
    struct Node
    {
        Object data;
        Node *next;
        Node *prev;

        Node(const Object &d = Object(), Node *p = nullptr, Node *n = nullptr)
            :data(d), next(n), prev(p){}
    };
private:
    int theSize;
    Node *head;
    Node *tail;

    void init()
    {
        theSize = 0;
        head = new Node;
        tail = new Node;
        head->next = tail;
        tail->prev = head;
    }
public:
    class const_iterator
    {
    public:
        const_iterator() :current(nullptr)
        {}

        const Object &operator* () const
        {
            return retrieve();
        }

        const_iterator &operator++ ()
        {
            current = current->next;
            return *this;
        }

        const_iterator operator++(int)
        {
            const_iterator old = *this;
            ++(*this);
            return old;
        }

        bool operator== (const const_iterator &rhs) const
        {
            return current == rhs.current;
        }

        bool operator!= (const const_iterator &rhs) const
        {
            return !(*this == rhs);
        }
    protected:
        Node* current;
        Object &retrieve() const
        {
            return current->data;
        }
        const_iterator(Node *p) :current(p){}

        friend class List<Object>;
    };

    class iterator :public const_iterator
    {
    public:
        iterator(){}
        Object & operator* ()
        {
            return retrieve();
        }

        const Object & operator* () const
        {
            return const_iterator::operator*();
        }

        iterator &operator++ ()
        {
            current = current->next;
            return *this;
        }

        iterator &operator++ (int)
        {
            iterator old = *this;
            ++(*this);
            return old;
        }
    protected:
        iterator(Node *p) :const_iterator(p)
        {}

        friend class List<Object>;
    };
public:
    List()
    {
        init();
    }

    //拷贝构造函数
    List(const List &rhs)
    {
        init();
        *this = rhs;
    }

    ~List()
    {
        clear();
        delete head;
        delete tail;
    }

    //重载操作符=
    const List &operator=(const List &rhs)
    {
        if (this == &rhs)
            return *this;
        clear();
        for (const_iterator itr = rhs.begin(); itr != rhs.end(); ++itr)
        {
            push_back(*itr);
        }
        return *this;
    }

    iterator begin()
    {
        return iterator(head->next);
    }

    const_iterator begin() const
    {
        return const_iterator(head->next);
    }

    iterator end()
    {
        return iterator(tail);
    }

    const_iterator end() const
    {
        return const_iterator(tail);
    }

    int size() const
    {
        return theSize;
    }

    bool empty() const
    {
        return size() == 0;
    }

    void clear()
    {
        while (!empty())
        {
            pop_front();
        }
    }

    Object &front()
    {
        return *begin();
    }

    const Object &front() const
    {
        return *begin();
    }

    Object &back()
    {
        return *--end();
    }

    const Object &back() const
    {
        return *--end();
    }

    void push_front(const Object &x)
    {
        insert(begin(), x);
    }

    void push_back(const Object &x)
    {
        insert(end(), x);
    }

    void pop_front()
    {
        erase(begin());
    }

    void pop_back()
    {
        erase(--end());
    }

    iterator insert(iterator itr, const Object &x)
    {
        Node *p = itr.current;
        theSize++;
        Node *newNode = new Node(x, p->prev, p);
        p->prev = p->prev->next = newNode;
        return iterator(newNode);
    }

    iterator erase(iterator itr)
    {
        Node* p = itr.current;
        iterator retVal(p->next);
        p->prev->next = p->next;
        p->next->prev = p->prev;
        delete p;
        theSize--;
        return retVal;
    }

    iterator erase(iterator start, iterator end)
    {
        for (iterator itr = start; itr != end;)
        {
            itr = erase(itr);
        }
        return end;
    }
};

int main()
{
    List<int> test;
    test.push_back(1);
    test.push_back(3);
    test.push_back(5);
    test.push_front(0);
    for (List<int>::iterator itr = test.begin(); itr != test.end();itr++)
    {
        cout << *itr << ' ';
    }
    return 0;
}

测试结果：