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从接触公众号到现在，开发维护了2个公众号，开发过程中遇到很多问题，现在把部分模块功能在这备案一下，做个总结也希望能给其他人帮助
工欲善其事，必先利其器，先看看开发公众号需要准备或了解什么
- web开发工具：官方提供的开发工具，使用自己的微信号来调试微信网页授权、调试、检验页面的 JS-SDK 相关功能与权限，模拟大部分 SDK 的输入和输出。下载地址：web开发工具下载
- 开发文档：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/wiki
- 登录微信测试公众号，获取公众号的appID、appsecret，登录地址：http://mp.weixin.qq.com/debug/cgi-bin/sandbox?t=sandbox/login （一般测试开发阶段，都不拿正式公众号测试，因为存在风险并且你调试时不用担心影响到正式公众号的正常使用，而且有些接口在正式公众号上比较严格，而在测试公众号上可以放开，如模板信息）
下面进入正题，实现微信网页授权，获取微信信息，主要用于以微信帐号作为用户登录，如果你只是需要绑定微信，就可以不用授权，直接请求获取微信OpenId（对当前公众号唯一），进行用户绑定（在下面代码时是写明如何实现），该功能可在开发文档：微信网页开发-》微信网页授权里查看详细信息，下面正式开始。
1.填写授权回调页面域名
进入测试公众号，在体验接口权限表中找到网页帐号，右侧添加自己的域名，测试公众号可填写本地IP，如你是正式公众号只能填写自己的域名，如果未填写，当进行接口调用时，会提示：redirect_uri参数错误！如果还有其他不了解的配置，可以在开发文档里查看详信息，
2.代码展示
1).调用微信接口返回的参数都是JSON格式，封装个Http请求方法
public class WeixinUtil {
/**
* 发起https请求并获取结果
* @param requestUrl 请求地址
* @param requestMethod 请求方式（GET、POST）
* @param outputStr 提交的数据
* @return JSONObject(通过JSONObject.get(key)的方式获取json对象的属性值)
*/
public static JSONObject httpRequest(String requestUrl, String requestMethod, String outputStr) {
JSONObject jsonObject = null;
StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
try {
// 创建SSLContext对象，并使用我们指定的信任管理器初始化
TrustManager[] tm = { new MyX509TrustManager() };
SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL", "SunJSSE");
sslContext.init(null, tm, new java.security.SecureRandom());
// 从上述SSLContext对象中得到SSLSocketFactory对象
SSLSocketFactory ssf = sslContext.getSocketFactory();
URL url = new URL(requestUrl);
HttpsURLConnection httpUrlConn = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();
httpUrlConn.setSSLSocketFactory(ssf);
httpUrlConn.setDoOutput(true);
httpUrlConn.setDoInput(true);
httpUrlConn.setUseCaches(false);
// 设置请求方式（GET/POST）
httpUrlConn.setRequestMethod(requestMethod);
if ("GET".equalsIgnoreCase(requestMethod))
httpUrlConn.connect();
// 当有数据需要提交时
if (null != outputStr) {
OutputStream outputStream = httpUrlConn.getOutputStream();
// 注意编码格式，防止中文乱码
outputStream.write(outputStr.getBytes("UTF-8"));
outputStream.close();
}
// 将返回的输入流转换成字符串
InputStream inputStream = httpUrlConn.getInputStream();
InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "utf-8");
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
String str = null;
while ((str = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
buffer.append(str);
}
bufferedReader.close();
inputStreamReader.close();
// 释放资源
inputStream.close();
inputStream = null;
httpUrlConn.disconnect();
jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(buffer.toString());
} catch (ConnectException ce) {
log.error("Weixin server connection timed out.");
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("https request error:{}", e);
}
return jsonObject;
}
}
2).下面展示访问个人中心时，进行用户授权
/**
* 个人中心
* @param request
* @param response
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/gotoPeopleIndex")
public String gotoPeopleIndex(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response){
//判断是否授权过，授权通过时，会保存session“WeixinUserInfo”，这样下次访问时，如果WeixinUserInfo存在，说明已经授权过，用户信息已经存在
WeixinUserInfo WeixinUserInfo = (WeixinUserInfo) session.getAttribute("WeixinUserInfo");
if(WeixinUserInfo==null){//没有授权过，跳转授权页面，如果你不需要授权，则scope为snsapi_base，这是不会弹出授权页面
String url = "https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2/authorize?appid="+TimedTask.appid+"&redirect_uri="+TimedTask.websiteAndProject+"/weixinF/getOpenInfo/gotoPeopleIndex&response_type=code&scope=snsapi_userinfo&state=STATE#wechat_redirect";
return "redirect:"+url;
}else{
return "weixin/customer/userInfo";
}
}
/**
* 微信网页授权获得微信详情
* @param code
* @param state
* @param view 授权后调整的视图
* @param request
* @param appid 公众号appid
* @param appsecret 公众号appsecret
* @param websiteAndProject 请求地址跟工程名，如我当前的为http://192.168.2.113/seafood
* @param response
* @throws ServletException
* @throws IOException
*/
@RequestMapping("/getOpenInfo/{view}")
public void getOpenInfo(@RequestParam("code") String code,@RequestParam("state") String state,@PathVariable("view") String view,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException{
// 用户同意授权
if (!"authdeny".equals(code)) {
//获取OpenId
OpenIdResult open = WeixinUtil.getOpenId(request, code, TimedTask.appid, TimedTask.appsecret);
//检验授权凭证（access_token）是否有效
int result = WeixinUtil.checkAccessToken(open.getAccess_token(), open.getOpenid());
if(0 != result){
open = WeixinUtil.getNewAccess_Token(open,open.getRefresh_token(),TimedTask.appid);
}
// 网页授权接口访问凭证
String accessToken = open.getAccess_token();
String openId = open.getOpenid();
//获取微信用户详细信息，如果你不需要授权，可跳过该步骤，直接以微信的OpenId，查找是否已经绑定，没有跳转到绑定界面
WeixinUserInfo user = WeixinUtil.getWeixinUserInfo(accessToken, openId);
Customer customer = weixinFirstServer.getCustomerDetailByOpenId(user.getOpenId());
if(customer!=null){
if(customer.getAccountStatus()==2){
response.setContentType("text/html; charset=UTF-8");
try {
response.sendRedirect(TimedTask.websiteAndProject+"/weixin/customer/noAuthority.jsp");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return;
}
customer.setHeadPhoto(user.getHeadImgUrl());
}else{
Customer newuser = new Customer();
newuser.setCustomerWeixinId(openId);
newuser.setCustomerWNickname(user.getNickname());
newuser.setSex(user.getSex());
//绑定
result = weixinFirstServer.addCustomerInfo(newuser);
if(result<=0){
response.setContentType("text/html; charset=UTF-8");
try {
response.sendRedirect(TimedTask.websiteAndProject+"/weixin/customer/error.jsp");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}else{
customer = weixinFirstServer.getCustomerDetailByOpenId(user.getOpenId());
if(customer.getAccountStatus()==2){
response.setContentType("text/html; charset=UTF-8");
try {
response.sendRedirect(TimedTask.websiteAndProject+"/weixin/customer/noAuthority.jsp");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return;
}
}
}
session.setAttribute("customerInfo", customer);
session.setAttribute("WeixinUserInfo", user);
request.setAttribute("state", state);
response.setContentType("text/html; charset=UTF-8");
try {
response.sendRedirect(TimedTask.websiteAndProject+"/weixinF/"+view);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}else{
response.setContentType("text/html; charset=UTF-8");
try {
response.sendRedirect(TimedTask.websiteAndProject+"/weixin/customer/error.jsp");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
微信工具类代码：
public class WeixinUtil {
public final static String getOpen_id_url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token?appid=APPID&secret=SECRET&code=CODE&grant_type=authorization_code";
/**
* 检验授权凭证（access_token）是否有效
* @param accessToken 凭证
* @param openid id
* @return
*/
public static int checkAccessToken(String accessToken, String openid) {
String requestUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/auth?access_token="+accessToken+"&openid="+openid;
JSONObject jsonObject = httpRequest(requestUrl, "GET", null);
int result = 1;
// 如果请求成功
if (null != jsonObject) {
try {
result = jsonObject.getInt("errcode");
} catch (JSONException e) {
accessToken = null;
// 获取token失败
log.error("获取token失败 errcode:{} errmsg:{}", jsonObject.getInt("errcode"), jsonObject.getString("errmsg"));
}
}
return result;
}
/**
* 用户授权，使用refresh_token刷新access_token
* @return
*/
public static OpenIdResult getNewAccess_Token(OpenIdResult open,String refresh_token,String openId) {
String requestUrl = getNewAccess_token.replace("REFRESH_TOKEN", refresh_token).replace("APPID", openId);
JSONObject jsonObject = httpRequest(requestUrl, "GET", null);
// 如果请求成功
if (null != jsonObject) {
try {
open.setAccess_token(jsonObject.getString("access_token"));
} catch (JSONException e) {
// 获取token失败
log.error("获取token失败 errcode:{} errmsg:{}", jsonObject.getInt("errcode"), jsonObject.getString("errmsg"));
}
}
return open;
}
/**
* 获得用户基本信息
* @param request
* @param code
* @param appid
* @param appsecret
* @return
*/
public static OpenIdResult getOpenId(HttpServletRequest request, String code,String appid, String appsecret) {
String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();
String param = request.getQueryString();
if(param!=null){
requestURI = requestURI+"?"+param;
}
String url = getOpen_id_url.replace("APPID",appid).replace("SECRET",appsecret).replace("CODE",code);
JSONObject jsonObject = httpRequest(url, "POST", null);
OpenIdResult result = new OpenIdResult();
if (null != jsonObject) {
Object obj = jsonObject.get("errcode");
if (obj == null) {
result.setAccess_token(jsonObject.getString("access_token"));
result.setExpires_in(jsonObject.getString("expires_in"));
result.setOpenid(jsonObject.getString("openid"));
result.setRefresh_token(jsonObject.getString("refresh_token"));
result.setScope(jsonObject.getString("scope"));
}else{
System.out.println("获取openId回执："+jsonObject.toString()+"访问路径："+requestURI);
log.error("访问路径:"+requestURI);
log.error("获取openId失败 errcode:{} errmsg:{}", jsonObject.getInt("errcode"), jsonObject.getString("errmsg"));
}
}
return result;
}
/**
* 通过网页授权获取用户信息
* @param accessToken 网页授权接口调用凭证
* @param openId 用户标识
* @return WeixinUserInfo
*/
public static WeixinUserInfo getWeixinUserInfo(String accessToken, String openId) {
WeixinUserInfo user = null;
// 拼接请求地址
String requestUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/userinfo?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&openid=OPENID";
requestUrl = requestUrl.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN", accessToken).replace("OPENID", openId);
// 通过网页授权获取用户信息
JSONObject jsonObject = httpRequest(requestUrl, "GET", null);
if (null != jsonObject) {
try {
user = new WeixinUserInfo();
// 用户的标识
user.setOpenId(jsonObject.getString("openid"));
// 昵称
user.setNickname(jsonObject.getString("nickname"));
// 性别（1是男性，2是女性，0是未知）
user.setSex(jsonObject.getInt("sex"));
// 用户所在国家
user.setCountry(jsonObject.getString("country"));
// 用户所在省份
user.setProvince(jsonObject.getString("province"));
// 用户所在城市
user.setCity(jsonObject.getString("city"));
// 用户头像
user.setHeadImgUrl(jsonObject.getString("headimgurl"));
// 用户特权信息
user.setPrivilegeList(JSONArray.toList(jsonObject.getJSONArray("privilege"), List.class));
} catch (Exception e) {
user = null;
int errorCode = jsonObject.getInt("errcode");
String errorMsg = jsonObject.getString("errmsg");
log.error("获取用户信息失败 errcode:{} errmsg:{}，reqUrl{}", errorCode, errorMsg);
}
}
return user;
}
}
下面展示，当用户session失效时，自动登录的代码，这时是不需要授权的
@RequestMapping("/gotoGoodsView")
public String gotoGoodsView(@RequestParam(value="longitude",defaultValue="",required=false) String longitude,@RequestParam(value="latitude",defaultValue="",required=false) String latitude){
String param = request.getQueryString();
String url = request.getServletPath();
if(param!=null){
url = url+"?"+param.replaceAll("&","-");//如果不把&替换成别的，当重新登录成功后调整会参数丢失
}
Customer customerInfo = (Customer) session.getAttribute("customerInfo");
if(customerInfo==null){//session失效，跳转到获取微信详情页面（授权）
return "redirect:/weixinF/getCode?view="+TimedTask.websiteAndProject+"/weixinF/autoLogin&view2="+TimedTask.websiteAndProject+url;
}
return "/weixin/customer/goodsList";
}
@RequestMapping("/getCode")
public void getCode(HttpServletResponse response){
String view = request.getParameter("view");//获取openId的路径
String view2 = request.getParameter("view2");//获取openId成功后跳转的路径
String redirect_url = "";
try {
redirect_url = URLEncoder.encode(view,"UTF-8");
if(view2!=null && !"".equals(view2)){
view2 = view2.replaceAll("-","&");
redirect_url = redirect_url +"?redirect_url="+ URLEncoder.encode(URLEncoder.encode(view2,"UTF-8"),"UTF-8");
}
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
String url = WeixinUtil.getCode_url.replace("APPID",TimedTask.appid).replace("REDIRECT_URI",redirect_url);
response.setContentType("text/html; charset=UTF-8");
try {
response.sendRedirect(url);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 自动登录并跳转
* @param code
* @param appid 公众号appid
* @param appsecret 公众号appsecret
* @param websiteAndProject 请求地址跟工程名，如我当前的为http://192.168.2.113/seafood
* @param url 自动登录后跳转路径
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/autoLogin")
public String autoLogin(HttpServletResponse response,@RequestParam(value="code",defaultValue="") String code,@RequestParam(value="redirect_url",defaultValue="") String url){
OpenIdResult open = WeixinUtil.getOpenId(request,code,TimedTask.appid,TimedTask.appsecret);//根据Code获取OpenId
//根据OpenId查找是否有该客户，没有进行绑定
Customer customerInfo = weixinFirstServer.getCustomerDetailByOpenId(open.getOpenid());
if(customerInfo!=null){
if(customerInfo.getAccountStatus()==2){//用户账户是否正常
return "redirect:"+TimedTask.websiteAndProject+"/weixin/customer/noAuthority.jsp";
}
session.setAttribute("customerInfo", customerInfo);//把用户信息存在session中
response.setContentType("text/html; charset=UTF-8");
try {
response.sendRedirect(url);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}else{
url= url.replaceAll("&","-");
url = url.replace(TimedTask.websiteAndProject,"");
String redirectUrl = "https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2/authorize?appid="+TimedTask.appid+"&redirect_uri="+TimedTask.websiteAndProject+"/weixinF/getOpenInfoRedirectAction?actionName="+url+"&response_type=code&scope=snsapi_userinfo&state=STATE#wechat_redirect";
response.setContentType("text/html; charset=UTF-8");
try {
response.sendRedirect(redirectUrl);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
}
到此，微信网页授权认证，与session失效自动登录已经完成，如果有问题欢迎在评论区指出
下一篇将讲解如何发送模板消息，实现消息实时通知，如常见业务：订单通知，消费通知等，参考【http://www.cnblogs.com/zhaixiajiao/p/6760194.html】