tensorflow需要pip安装的库
更换pip源到国内镜像
[global]
index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
需要安装的库：
pip install dingtalkchatbot
pip install BeautifulSoup4
pip install pymysql
pip install matplotlib
pip install lxml
pip install tensorflow==1.12.0
pip install keras==2.2.4
pip install scikit-learn
pip install pandas
查看版本
pip list
==================
默认安装的是18.1版本的，一般需要升级到19.3.1
pip3 install --upgrade pip
pip3环境的要用pip3替换pip
pip3 install dingtalkchatbot
pip3 install BeautifulSoup4
pip3 install pymysql
pip3 install matplotlib
pip3 install lxml
pip3 install tensorflow==1.12.0
pip3 install keras==2.2.4
pip3 install scikit-learn
pip3 install pandas
查看安装的版本
pip3 list
==================
linux - python：卸载(实际上不需要卸载旧版本)
[root@test ~]# rpm -qa|grep python|xargs rpm -ev --allmatches --nodeps ##强制删除已安装程序及其关联
[root@test ~]# whereis python |xargs rm -frv ##删除所有残余文件 ##xargs，允许你对输出执行其他某些命令
[root@test ~]# whereis python ##验证删除，返回无结果
==================
Centos7 安装 python 2.7.15 和 pip
进入到下载目录：
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.15/Python-2.7.15.tgz
tar -zxvf Python-2.7.15.tgz
cd Python-2.7.15
./configure --enable-optimizations
make
make install
# python2 -V
Python 2.7.15
===================
查看现有python的软连接指向的版本
ls -l /usr/bin | grep python
---------------
-查找python
#whereis python
python: /usr/local/bin/python3.6 /usr/local/bin/python /usr/local/bin/python3.6-config /usr/local/bin/python3.6m-config /usr/local/bin/python2.7-config /usr/local/bin/python3.6m /usr/local/bin/python2.7 /usr/local/lib/python3.6 /usr/local/lib/python2.7
----------------
删除软链接
rm -rf /usr/bin/python
rm -rf /usr/bin/pip
建立新的指向python2.7的软链接
ln -s /usr/local/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python
ln -s /usr/local/bin/pip /usr/bin/pip
查看软连接版本
# python -V
Python 2.7.15
===================
下载python3.6编译安装
# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.8/Python-3.6.8.tgz
# tar -xzvf Python-3.6.8.tgz
# cd Python-3.6.8
把Python3.6安装到 /usr/local 目录
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local
# ./configure --enable-optimizations
# make
# make install
ps：两步不能合并到一步进行，否则会出现很多问题
测试：python3 -V
python3.6程序的执行文件：/usr/local/bin/python3.6
python3.6应用程序目录：/usr/local/lib/python3.6
pip3的执行文件：/usr/local/bin/pip3.6
更改/usr/bin/python链接
# ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python 此步骤忽略
# ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python3
# ln -s /usr/local/bin/pip3.6 /usr/bin/pip3
=====================
安装python3的时候会自动安装pip3
手动安装：
wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pip/pip-9.0.1.tar.gz
tar -zxvf pip-9.0.1.tar.gz
(Ps：tar.gz后面不能带有空格，没有安装tar命令先安装：yum install -y tar)
cd pip-9.0.1
python3 setup.py build
python3 setup.py install
------------
如果报错：ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'setuptools'
需要安装setuptools
wget --no-check-certificate https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/setuptools/setuptools-19.6.tar.gz
tar -zxvf setuptools-19.6.tar.gz
cd setuptools-19.6
python3 setup.py build
python3 setup.py install
如果报错：RuntimeError: Compression requires the (missing) zlib module
先安装zlib模块：
yum install -y zlib
yum install -y zlib-devel
进入python3.6的目录，重新编译安装
make
make install
ps：两步不能合并到一步进行
Collecting pip
Installing collected packages: setuptools, pip
Successfully installed pip-18.1 setuptools-40.6.2
重新编译后会自动安装就不需要再手动安装了，如果没有就重新进入setuptools-19.6目录安装
默认安装的pip3是18.1版本的，一般需要升级到19.3.1
pip3 install --upgrade pip
==================
安装lrzsz
yum -y install lrzsz
==================
==================
--查找yum
#whereis yum
yum: /etc/yum.conf
安装yum
下载:wget http://yum.baseurl.org/download/3.2/yum-3.2.28.tar.gz
解压:tar xvf yum-3.2.28.tar.gz
在etc中创建yum而配置文件yum.conf
touch /etc/yum.conf
进入yum的解压目录:cd yum-3.2.28
运行:./yummain.py install yum
报错：
File "/root/sofe/yum-3.2.28/yum/__init__.py", line 23, in <module>
import rpm
==================
2.卸载yum
rpm -qa|grep yum|xargs rpm -ev --allmatches --nodeps
rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*
whereis yum|xargs rm -frv
下载文件：
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.4.3-163.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-52.el7.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-iniparse-0.4-9.el7.noarch.rpm
因文件有相互依赖性，注意顺序，故先安装python-iniparse-*.rpm 文件
# rpm -ivh python-iniparse-0.4-9.el7.noarch.rpm
# rpm -ivh yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
# rpm -ivh yum-3.4.3-154.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
# rpm -ivh yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-42.el7.noarch.rpm
注：rpm -ivh 要安装的rpm --nodeps --force (加上 --nodeps --force 为強制安裝，不管依赖性文件)
# rpm -ivh python-iniparse-0.4-9.el7.noarch.rpm --nodeps --force
# rpm -ivh yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm --nodeps --force
# rpm -ivh yum-3.4.3-163.el7.centos.noarch.rpm --nodeps --force
# rpm -ivh yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-52.el7.noarch.rpm --nodeps --force
安装完之后，可以使用rm 命令删除当前目录下的RPM文件（装完就没有用处了）。
===============
# cd /usr/bin
[root@darg98 bin]# ls -al | grep python
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 24 Oct 27 23:34 python -> /usr/local/bin/python2.7
===============
# rpm -qa |grep yum
yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-52.el7.noarch
yum-3.4.3-163.el7.centos.noarch
yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64
# whereis python
python: /usr/bin/python /usr/lib/python2.7 /usr/lib64/python2.7 /usr/local/bin/python3.6 /usr/local/bin/python /usr/local/bin/python3.6-config /usr/local/bin/python3.6m-config /usr/local/bin/python2.7-config /usr/local/bin/python3.6m /usr/local/bin/python2.7 /usr/local/lib/python3.6 /usr/local/lib/python2.7
vi /usr/bin/yum
===============
python版本变了后 no module named yum有效解决办法
如果原本依赖的python版本没了，那就只能重新安装yum了；
yum必须rpm安装，而且还依赖一大堆安装包，一个个装还有顺序关系。
最简单的办法是将所有的包下载下来，一起强制安装
下载地址:http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/
以centos 7 为例子， 不同的操作版本下载对应不同的包(后缀不同 xxxxxx.el7.x86_64)
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-2.7.5-86.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-chardet-2.2.1-3.el7.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-devel-2.7.5-86.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-iniparse-0.4-9.el7.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-kitchen-1.1.1-5.el7.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-libs-2.7.5-86.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-pycurl-7.19.0-19.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-tools-2.7.5-86.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-setuptools-0.9.8-7.el7.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-urlgrabber-3.10-9.el7.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/rpm-python-4.11.3-40.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.4.3-163.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-aliases-1.1.31-52.el7.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-52.el7.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-protectbase-1.1.31-52.el7.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-updateonboot-1.1.31-52.el7.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-utils-1.1.31-52.el7.noarch.rpm
将上面的包放到一个目录下 进入目录 执行 rpm -ivh --force *.rpm --nodeps
建议先安装 python-*的文件，再安装rpm-python-*的文件，最后安装yum-*的文件
rpm -ivh --force --nodeps python*.rpm
rpm -ivh --force --nodeps rpm-python-*.rpm
rpm -ivh --force --nodeps yum-*.rpm
测试：
yum list
=================
解决 ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_bz2'
在操作系统中安装zlib和bz2相关库
yum install zlib zlib-devel
yum -y install bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses openssl openssl-devel openssl-static xz lzma xz-devel sqlite sqlite-devel gdbm gdbm-devel tk tk-devel libffi-devel
yum install -y bzip2*
重新编译python(一般情况遇到奇怪的问题没法解决用重新编译python的方法就可以解决了)
export CFLAGS="-I/usr/include"
export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/lib64"
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib64
进入到python3.6安装目录：
# cd Python-3.6.8/
make distclean
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
./configure --enable-optimizations
make
make install
重新编译后就可以了
=====================