动手动脑1:
package learn; import javax.swing.*; class AboutException { public static void main(String[] a) { int i=1, j=0, k; k=i/j; try { k = i/j; // Causes division-by-zero exception //throw new Exception("Hello.Exception!"); } catch ( ArithmeticException e) { System.out.println("被0除. "+ e.getMessage()); } catch (Exception e) { if (e instanceof ArithmeticException) System.out.println("被0除"); else { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); } } finally { JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null,"OK"); } } }
结果截图
认识:
当j=0时出现异常,所以捕获错误,catch处理异常,不管是否有异常发生,finally语句块中的语句始终保证被执行。如果没有提供合适的异常处理代码,JVM将会结束掉整个应用程序。
Throwable类有两个直接子类:
Exception:出现的问题是可以被捕获的;
Error:系统错误,通常由JVM处理。
可捕获的异常又可以分为两类:
(1)Check异常:直接派生自Exception的异常类,必须被捕获或再次声明抛出
(2)Runtime异常:派生自RuntimeException的异常类。使用throw语句可以随时抛出这种异常对象:
throw new ArithmeticException(…);
动手动脑2:
package learn; public class CatchWho2 { public static void main(String[] args) { try { try { throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(); } catch(ArithmeticException e) { System.out.println( "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException" + "/内层try-catch"); } throw new ArithmeticException(); } catch(ArithmeticException e) { System.out.println("发生ArithmeticException"); } catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) { System.out.println( "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException" + "/外层try-catch"); } } }
截图
动手动脑3:
public class EmbededFinally { public static void main(String args[]) { int result; try { System.out.println("in Level 1"); try { System.out.println("in Level 2"); // result=100/0; //Level 2 try { System.out.println("in Level 3"); result=100/0; //Level 3 } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("Level 3:" + e.getClass().toString()); } finally { System.out.println("In Level 3 finally"); } // result=100/0; //Level 2 } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("Level 2:" + e.getClass().toString()); } finally { System.out.println("In Level 2 finally"); } // result = 100 / 0; //level 1 } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("Level 1:" + e.getClass().toString()); } finally { . System.out.println("In Level 1 finally"); } } }
截图:
动手动脑4:
public class SystemExitAndFinally { public static void main(String[] args) { try{ System.out.println("in main"); throw new Exception("Exception is thrown in main"); //System.exit(0); } catch(Exception e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); System.exit(0); } finally { System.out.println("in finally"); } } }
截图
当存在try中有throw new Exception(...)finally不会执行。
成绩程序
package learn; import java.util.*; public class Score{ int score; void Setscore() { Scanner in=new Scanner(System.in); System.out.println("请输入成绩:"); try{ //try输入 score=in.nextInt(); //输入成绩 if(score<100&&score>=90) { System.out.println("优"); } if(score<90&&score>=80) { System.out.println("良"); } else if(score<80&&score>=70) { System.out.println("中"); } else if(score<70&&score>=60) { System.out.println("及格"); } else if(score<60&&score>=0) { System.out.println("不及格"); } else if(score<0||score>100) { System.out.println("超出范围!!"); Setscore(); } } catch (Exception e) //捕获异常 { System.out.println("错误输入!! "); Setscore(); //返回输入 } finally //结束 { System.out.println("in finally"); } } public static void main(String[] args) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub Score s=new Score(); s.Setscore(); } }
实验截图