• ConcurrentHashMap源码理解


    1.ConcurrentHashMap继承关系

    ConcurrentHashMap继承了AbstractMap类,同时实现了ConcurrentMap接口。

    2.ConcurrentHashMap构造函数

        public ConcurrentHashMap() {
        }
    
        public ConcurrentHashMap(int initialCapacity) {
            if (initialCapacity < 0)
                throw new IllegalArgumentException();
            int cap = ((initialCapacity >= (MAXIMUM_CAPACITY >>> 1)) ?
                       MAXIMUM_CAPACITY :
                       tableSizeFor(initialCapacity + (initialCapacity >>> 1) + 1));
            this.sizeCtl = cap;
        }
    
        public ConcurrentHashMap(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
            this.sizeCtl = DEFAULT_CAPACITY;
            putAll(m);
        }
    
        public ConcurrentHashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
            this(initialCapacity, loadFactor, 1);
        }
    
        public ConcurrentHashMap(int initialCapacity,
                                 float loadFactor, int concurrencyLevel) {
            if (!(loadFactor > 0.0f) || initialCapacity < 0 || concurrencyLevel <= 0)
                throw new IllegalArgumentException();
            if (initialCapacity < concurrencyLevel)   // Use at least as many bins
                initialCapacity = concurrencyLevel;   // as estimated threads
            long size = (long)(1.0 + (long)initialCapacity / loadFactor);
            int cap = (size >= (long)MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) ?
                MAXIMUM_CAPACITY : tableSizeFor((int)size);
            this.sizeCtl = cap;
        }
    ConcurrentHashMap():这个没什么好说的,无参构造函数一切都是使用默认值。
    ConcurrentHashMap(int):int指定了实例可以承载的数据容量,如果容量大于允许最大容量的一半,直接初始化为最大容量。否则的话,会先计算数组长度(为容量的1.5倍加1),然后再同hashmap一样,计算大于数组长度的最小的2的幂次方作为数组长度。
    ConcurrentHashMap(int,float):内部实际调用了ConcurrentHashMap(int,float,int),最后一个参数填1。
    ConcurrentHashMap(int,float,int):参数依次指定了实例可以承载的数据容量initialCapacity,负载因子loadFactor,同步等级concurrencyLevel。初始容量不能小于同步等级,如果小于,则令其等于同步等级的数值。然后用初始容量除以负载因子,获取数组大小,再求出最小的2的幂次方。
    ConcurrentHashMap(Map):参数使用默认的参数,同时调用putAll(Map)方法。

    3.ConcurrentHashMap添加元素

    3.1添加元素核心类

        final V putVal(K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent) {
            if (key == null || value == null) throw new NullPointerException();
            int hash = spread(key.hashCode());
            int binCount = 0;
            for (Node<K,V>[] tab = table;;) {
                Node<K,V> f; int n, i, fh;
                if (tab == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
                    tab = initTable();
                else if ((f = tabAt(tab, i = (n - 1) & hash)) == null) {
                    if (casTabAt(tab, i, null,
                                 new Node<K,V>(hash, key, value, null)))
                        break;                   // no lock when adding to empty bin
                }
                else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED)
                    tab = helpTransfer(tab, f);
                else {
                    V oldVal = null;
                    synchronized (f) {
                        if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) {
                            if (fh >= 0) {
                                binCount = 1;
                                for (Node<K,V> e = f;; ++binCount) {
                                    K ek;
                                    if (e.hash == hash &&
                                        ((ek = e.key) == key ||
                                         (ek != null && key.equals(ek)))) {
                                        oldVal = e.val;
                                        if (!onlyIfAbsent)
                                            e.val = value;
                                        break;
                                    }
                                    Node<K,V> pred = e;
                                    if ((e = e.next) == null) {
                                        pred.next = new Node<K,V>(hash, key,
                                                                  value, null);
                                        break;
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                            else if (f instanceof TreeBin) {
                                Node<K,V> p;
                                binCount = 2;
                                if ((p = ((TreeBin<K,V>)f).putTreeVal(hash, key,
                                                               value)) != null) {
                                    oldVal = p.val;
                                    if (!onlyIfAbsent)
                                        p.val = value;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    if (binCount != 0) {
                        if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD)
                            treeifyBin(tab, i);
                        if (oldVal != null)
                            return oldVal;
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
            addCount(1L, binCount);
            return null;
        }
    
        private final Node<K,V>[] initTable() {
            Node<K,V>[] tab; int sc;
            while ((tab = table) == null || tab.length == 0) {
                if ((sc = sizeCtl) < 0)
                    Thread.yield(); // lost initialization race; just spin
                else if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc, -1)) {
                    try {
                        if ((tab = table) == null || tab.length == 0) {
                            int n = (sc > 0) ? sc : DEFAULT_CAPACITY;
                            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                            Node<K,V>[] nt = (Node<K,V>[])new Node<?,?>[n];
                            table = tab = nt;
                            sc = n - (n >>> 2);
                        }
                    } finally {
                        sizeCtl = sc;
                    }
                    break;
                }
            }
            return tab;
        }

    源码解析:

      1.在concurrentHashMap中要求key和value都不能为空,否则会抛出NPE。

    if (key == null || value == null) throw new NullPointerException();

      2.计算key新的hash值

    int hash = spread(key.hashCode());
        static final int spread(int h) {
            return (h ^ (h >>> 16)) & HASH_BITS;
        }

      3.循环实例中存放元素的table,如果table没有初始化,则进行初始化

            for (Node<K,V>[] tab = table;;) {
                Node<K,V> f; int n, i, fh;
                if (tab == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
                    tab = initTable();

      首先注意这里的for,它的里面是一个无限循环,也就是说会一直循环下去,直到遇见break。

      初始化table,这里使用了乐观锁U.compareAndSwapInt()方法,有且只有一个线程t能够将SIZECTL设置为-1,此时其他的所有线程都会进入Thread.yield()让出cpu进行循环等待。当t线程执行完最后一行后,对sizeCtl进行了赋值,此时其他的线程会判断tab!=null,且tab.length!=0,因此也会跳出循环,返回已经被t线程创建好的table。

      线程t通过乐观锁,执行初始化table的逻辑,如果实例没有被赋予初始化容量,则使用默认的初始化容量16来作为数组长度创建数组。然后执行sc=n-(n>>>2),实际令sc=0.75sc,求出了在默认0.75f的负载因子下可存储数据数量。最后返回创建的数组node[16]。

        private final Node<K,V>[] initTable() {
            Node<K,V>[] tab; int sc;
            while ((tab = table) == null || tab.length == 0) {
                if ((sc = sizeCtl) < 0)
                    Thread.yield(); // lost initialization race; just spin
                else if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc, -1)) {
                    try {
                        if ((tab = table) == null || tab.length == 0) {
                            int n = (sc > 0) ? sc : DEFAULT_CAPACITY;
                            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                            Node<K,V>[] nt = (Node<K,V>[])new Node<?,?>[n];
                            table = tab = nt;
                            sc = n - (n >>> 2);
                        }
                    } finally {
                        sizeCtl = sc;
                    }
                    break;
                }
            }
            return tab;
        }

      4.利用tabAt()方法获取数组上对应hash值位置上的值,如果为空,则调用casTabAt方法将新待添加的元素放置在该位置上。

    而在tabAt()方法内部,是调用了getObjectVolatile(Node[], int),直接从内存中读取数组中元素的准确值。

    同时在casTabAt(Node[], int, Node, Node)中,利用乐观锁进行对空赋值。

            else if ((f = tabAt(tab, i = (n - 1) & hash)) == null) {
                    if (casTabAt(tab, i, null,
                                 new Node<K,V>(hash, key, value, null)))
                        break;                   // no lock when adding to empty bin
                }
    
        
        static final <K,V> Node<K,V> tabAt(Node<K,V>[] tab, int i) {
            return (Node<K,V>)U.getObjectVolatile(tab, ((long)i << ASHIFT) + ABASE);
        }
    
        static final <K,V> boolean casTabAt(Node<K,V>[] tab, int i,
                                            Node<K,V> c, Node<K,V> v) {
            return U.compareAndSwapObject(tab, ((long)i << ASHIFT) + ABASE, c, v);
        }

      5.如果数组位置上已有值,判断这个值的hash值是否等于-1,等于则调用helpTransfer(node[],int)方法。

                else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED)
                    tab = helpTransfer(tab, f);

      6.以上条件都判断后,确定数组元素的正常,通过synchronized获取锁,拿到锁之后,首先判断元素是否已经被其他线程改变了,如果改变了,重新执行for循环,获取新的元素,没有改变则判断元素是链表(hash值大于0)还是红黑树(instanceof TreeBin)。

      (1)链表:从首节点开始遍历,如果找到有相等的key(hash值相等,key也相等),则进行value值的替换,否则创建一个新的节点,添加在链表最后位置。

      (2)红黑树:putTreeVal(int, K, V);

      对元素处理完成后,释放锁,判断当前链表上添加的元素是否大于等于8,如果是,则将当前结构转为树结构。如果是替换了已有的节点,则返回旧值,执行到此结束。

               else {
                    V oldVal = null;
                    synchronized (f) {
                        if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) {
                            if (fh >= 0) {
                                binCount = 1;
                                for (Node<K,V> e = f;; ++binCount) {
                                    K ek;
                                    if (e.hash == hash &&
                                        ((ek = e.key) == key ||
                                         (ek != null && key.equals(ek)))) {
                                        oldVal = e.val;
                                        if (!onlyIfAbsent)
                                            e.val = value;
                                        break;
                                    }
                                    Node<K,V> pred = e;
                                    if ((e = e.next) == null) {
                                        pred.next = new Node<K,V>(hash, key,
                                                                  value, null);
                                        break;
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                            else if (f instanceof TreeBin) {
                                Node<K,V> p;
                                binCount = 2;
                                if ((p = ((TreeBin<K,V>)f).putTreeVal(hash, key,
                                                               value)) != null) {
                                    oldVal = p.val;
                                    if (!onlyIfAbsent)
                                        p.val = value;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    if (binCount != 0) {
                        if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD)
                            treeifyBin(tab, i);
                        if (oldVal != null)
                            return oldVal;
                        break;
                    }
                }

      7.如果是新添加的节点,需要执行最后一步。addCount(long,int)方法

        private final void addCount(long x, int check) {
            CounterCell[] as; long b, s;
            if ((as = counterCells) != null ||
                !U.compareAndSwapLong(this, BASECOUNT, b = baseCount, s = b + x)) {
                CounterCell a; long v; int m;
                boolean uncontended = true;
                if (as == null || (m = as.length - 1) < 0 ||
                    (a = as[ThreadLocalRandom.getProbe() & m]) == null ||
                    !(uncontended =
                      U.compareAndSwapLong(a, CELLVALUE, v = a.value, v + x))) {
                    fullAddCount(x, uncontended);
                    return;
                }
                if (check <= 1)
                    return;
                s = sumCount();
            }
            if (check >= 0) {
                Node<K,V>[] tab, nt; int n, sc;
                while (s >= (long)(sc = sizeCtl) && (tab = table) != null &&
                       (n = tab.length) < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {
                    int rs = resizeStamp(n);
                    if (sc < 0) {
                        if ((sc >>> RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT) != rs || sc == rs + 1 ||
                            sc == rs + MAX_RESIZERS || (nt = nextTable) == null ||
                            transferIndex <= 0)
                            break;
                        if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc, sc + 1))
                            transfer(tab, nt);
                    }
                    else if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc,
                                                 (rs << RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT) + 2))
                        transfer(tab, null);
                    s = sumCount();
                }
            }
        }

     _

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/yxth/p/10609140.html
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