重温WCF之构建一个简单的WCF（一）（1）通过控制台和IIS寄宿服务

一、理解什么是WCF
WCF就是.NET平台下各种分布式技术的集成，并提供了一套统一的编程接口

二、WCF的定义
WCF（Windows Communication Foundation）是微软为构建面向服务的应用程序（SOA）而提供的统一编程模型，使得在构建分布式系统中，无需再考虑如何去实现通信的相关问题，让开发人员更加关注与系统业务逻辑本身的实现。

三、代码实现

步骤一：构建整个解决方案

Service.Interface:用于定义服务契约的类库项目，引用WCF的核心程序集System.ServiceMode.dll

Service:用于定义服务类型的类库项目。

Hosting:作为服务宿主的控制台应用。

Client：一个控制台应用模拟服务的客户端

步骤二：创建服务契约

[ServiceContract(Name="CalculatorService1",//服务契约的名称，也就是客户端调用者生成代理类的接口名称
        Namespace = "http://www.yxl.com")]//服务契约命名空间
    public interface ICalculatorService
    {
        [OperationContract]
        double Add(double x ,double y);
    }

步骤三：创建服务

public class CalculatorService:ICalculatorService
    {
        public double Add(double x, double y)
        {
            return x + y;
        }
    }

步骤四：通过自我寄宿的方式寄宿服务

1.代码方式

/// <summary>
        /// 代码方式
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            using (ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(CalculatorService)) )
            {
                host.AddServiceEndpoint(typeof (ICalculatorService), new WSHttpBinding(),
                    "http://127.0.0.1:3721/calculatorservice");
                if (host.Description.Behaviors.Find<ServiceMetadataBehavior>()==null)
                {
                    
                    ServiceMetadataBehavior behavior = new ServiceMetadataBehavior();
                    behavior.HttpGetEnabled = true;
                    behavior.HttpGetUrl = new Uri("http://127.0.0.1:3721/calculatorservice/metadata");//通过该地址获取服务相关的元数据
                    host.Description.Behaviors.Add(behavior);
                }
                host.Opened+= delegate
                {
                    MessageBox.Show("CalculaorService已经启动");

                };
                host.Open();
            }
        }

2.配置文件方式：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
    <startup> 
        <supportedRuntime version="v4.0" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.5" />
    </startup>
  
  <system.serviceModel>
    <behaviors>
      <serviceBehaviors>
        <behavior name="metadataBehavior">
          <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" httpGetUrl="http://127.0.0.1:3721/calculatorservice/metadata"/><!--调用地址-->
        </behavior>
      </serviceBehaviors>
    </behaviors>
    <services>
      <service name="WindowsFormsApplication1.CalculatorService" behaviorConfiguration="metadataBehavior">
        <endpoint address="http://127.0.0.1:3721/calculatorservice" binding="wsHttpBinding" contract="WindowsFormsApplication1.ICalculatorService" />
      </service>
    </services>
  </system.serviceModel>
  
</configuration>

 /// <summary>
        /// 配置文件的方式
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            using (ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof (CalculatorService)))
            {
                host.Opened += delegate
                {
                    MessageBox.Show("CalculaorService已经启动");
                };
                host.Open();
            }
        }

步骤五：创建客户端调用服务

添加服务引用后调用代码：

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            using (CalculatorService1Client proxy = new CalculatorService1Client())
            {
                MessageBox.Show(proxy.Add(1, 1).ToString());
            }
        }

 步骤六：通过IIS寄宿服务

1.创建Web应用程序，添加.svc文件

将之前的配置文件去掉终结点的地址和访问节点的地址，因为.svc所在的地址就是服务的地址。

Web.config

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<!--
  有关如何配置 ASP.NET 应用程序的详细信息，请访问
  http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=169433
  -->

<configuration>
    <system.web>
      <compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.5" />
      <httpRuntime targetFramework="4.5" />
    </system.web>
  <system.serviceModel>
    <serviceHostingEnvironment aspNetCompatibilityEnabled="true"
      multipleSiteBindingsEnabled="true" />
    <behaviors>
      <serviceBehaviors>
        <behavior name="metadataBehavior">
          <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" />
        </behavior>
        <behavior name="">
          <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" httpsGetEnabled="true" />
          <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="false" />
        </behavior>
      </serviceBehaviors>
    </behaviors>
    <services>
      <service name="WebApplication1.CalculatorService" behaviorConfiguration="metadataBehavior">
        <endpoint binding="wsHttpBinding" contract="WebApplication1.ICalculatorService" />
      </service>
    </services>
  </system.serviceModel>
</configuration>

用浏览器浏览.svc文件，比如“http://localhost:7137/CalculatorService.svc”，客户端添加服务引用就可以了