R文本处理

最近写了一些代码，用R处理文本格式。就写一些我最近用的一些处理字符串的函数

grep(pattern, x, ignore.case = FALSE, perl = FALSE, value = FALSE, fixed = FALSE, useBytes = FALSE, invert = FALSE)

   value=FALSE表示的是grep()返回的是所匹配字符串的位置    value=TRUE返回是所要找的字符串。perl=TRUE代表可以用适合perl的正则表达式

   fixed=TRUE表示pattern is a string to be matched as is，use exact matching.

> grep("[aeiou]",c("apple","banana","peak"))
[1] 1 2 3

> grep("[aeio]",c("apple","banana","peak","unit","bbddff"),value = TRUE)
[1] "apple" "banana" "peak" "unit"

用正则表达式时，如果搜索的结果是字符如*.  ,则需要用\来表示   如"\*"来表示*

2，字符串的替代函数

sub(pattern, replacement, x, ignore.case = FALSE, perl = FALSE,
fixed = FALSE, useBytes = FALSE)只替代第一个

gsub(pattern, replacement, x, ignore.case = FALSE, perl = FALSE,
fixed = FALSE, useBytes = FALSE)   能匹配的都被替代

3，字符数的统计和翻译

nchar(x, type = c("bytes", "chars", "width"), allowNA = FALSE)

例如：

nchar(c("apple","banana","peak","unit","NA"),type = "width",allowNA = TRUE)
[1] 5 6 4 4 2

另外三个函数用法也很简单：

> DNA <- "AtGCtttACC"
> tolower(DNA)
[1] "atgctttacc"
> toupper(DNA)
[1] "ATGCTTTACC"
> chartr("Tt", "Uu", DNA)
[1] "AuGCuuuACC"
> chartr("Tt", "UU", DNA)
[1] "AUGCUUUACC"

4，字符串的连接

paste (x,y, sep = " ", collapse = NULL)  sep参数是设置连接每个x[1]和y[1]之间的方式，collapse参数设置的是x[1]y[1]和x[2]y[2]之间连接的方式

> paste("A", 1:6,collapse = ".")
[1] "A 1.A 2.A 3.A 4.A 5.A 6"
> paste("A", 1:6, sep = " ")
[1] "A 1" "A 2" "A 3" "A 4" "A 5" "A 6"

5，字符串的拆分

strsplit(x, split, fixed = FALSE, perl = FALSE, useBytes = FALSE)