[linux]netstat命令详解-显示linux中各种网络相关信息

1.功能与说明

netstat 用于显示linux中各种网络相关信息。如网络链接 路由表  接口状态链接 多播成员等等。

2.参数含义介绍

-a (all)显示所有选项，默认不显示LISTEN相关
-t (tcp)仅显示tcp相关选项
-u (udp)仅显示udp相关选项
-n 拒绝显示别名，能显示数字的全部转化成数字。
-l 仅列出有在 Listen (监听) 的服務状态

-p 显示建立相关链接的程序名
-r 显示路由信息，路由表
-e 显示扩展信息，例如uid等
-s 按各个协议进行统计
-c 每隔一个固定时间，执行该netstat命令。

提示：LISTEN和LISTENING的状态只有用-a或者-l才能看到

3.常用实例

3.1  列出所有端口 

 netstat -a

[root@zhz jiehun]# netstat -a|more 
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address               Foreign Address             State      
tcp        0      0 *:sunrpc                    *:*                         LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 *:webcache                  *:*                         LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 *:http                      *:*                         LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 192.168.122.1:domain        *:*                         LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 localhost.localdomain:d-s-n *:*                         LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 *:ssh                       *:*                         LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 localhost.loc:simplifymedia *:*                         LISTEN  

3.2  列出所有tcp端口

使用 -t 选项列出 TCP 协议的连接

[root@zhz jiehun]# netstat -at|more 
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address               Foreign Address             State      
tcp        0      0 *:sunrpc                    *:*                         LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 *:webcache                  *:*                         LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 *:http                      *:*                         LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 192.168.122.1:domain        *:*                         LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 localhost.localdomain:d-s-n *:*                         LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 *:ssh                       *:*                         LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 localhost.loc:simplifymedia *:*                         LISTEN  

3.3 列出所有udp端口

使用 -u 选项列出 UDP 协议的连接 

 netstat -au

[root@zhz jiehun]# netstat -au|more 
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address               Foreign Address             State      
udp        0      0 *:ideafarm-panic            *:*                                     
udp        0      0 *:47005                     *:*                                     
udp        0      0 localhost.loca:memcache     *:*                                     
udp        0      0 *:55276                     *:*                                     
udp        0      0 192.168.122.1:domain        *:*                                     
udp        0      0 *:bootps                    *:*                                     
udp        0      0 *:bootpc                    *:*                                     
udp        0      0 *:sunrpc                    *:*                                     
udp        0      0 *:ipp                       *:*                                     
udp        0      0 *:44236                     *:*                                     
udp        0      0 *:722                       *:*                                     

3.4 只显示监听端口 netstat -l

[root@zhz jiehun]# netstat -l
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address               Foreign Address             State      
tcp        0      0 *:sunrpc                    *:*                         LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 *:webcache                  *:*                         LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 *:http                      *:*                         LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 192.168.122.1:domain        *:*                         LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 localhost.localdomain:d-s-n *:*                         LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 *:ssh                       *:*                         LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 localhost.loc:simplifymedia *:*                         LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 localhost.localdomain:ipp   *:*                         LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 *:44343                     *:*                         LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 localhost.localdomain:smtp  *:*                         LISTEN    

3.5 只显示监听的tcp端口 netstat -lt

[root@zhz jiehun]# netstat -lt
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address               Foreign Address             State      
tcp        0      0 *:sunrpc                    *:*                         LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 *:webcache                  *:*                         LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 *:http                      *:*                         LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 192.168.122.1:domain        *:*                         LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 localhost.localdomain:d-s-n *:*                         LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 *:ssh                       *:*                         LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 localhost.loc:simplifymedia *:*                         LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 localhost.localdomain:ipp   *:*                         LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 *:44343                     *:*                         LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 localhost.localdomain:smtp  *:*                         LISTEN     

3.6 只显示所有监听udp端口 netstat -lu

[root@zhz jiehun]# netstat -lu
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address               Foreign Address             State      
udp        0      0 *:ideafarm-panic            *:*                                     
udp        0      0 *:47005                     *:*                                     
udp        0      0 *:47551                     *:*                                     
udp        0      0 localhost.loca:memcache     *:*                                     
udp        0      0 *:55276                     *:*                                     
udp        0      0 192.168.122.1:domain        *:*                                     
udp        0      0 *:bootps                    *:*                                     
udp        0      0 *:bootpc                    *:*                                     
udp        0      0 *:sunrpc                    *:*      

3.7  只列出所有监听unix端口 netstat -lx

[root@zhz jiehun]# netstat -lx
Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers)
Proto RefCnt Flags       Type       State         I-Node Path
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     21941  /tmp/.X11-unix/X0
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     34096  /tmp/orbit-haozheng/linc-cd2-0-5b33fa1ecf0c9
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     22263  @/tmp/gdm-greeter-cBlQsyRF
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     32728  /tmp/.ICE-unix/3103
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     36866  @/tmp/dbus-AcJrBlWF
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     20454  /tmp/mysql.sock

3.8  显示所有端口的统计信息 netstat -s

[root@zhz jiehun]# netstat -s
Ip:
    1943780 total packets received
    2 forwarded
    0 incoming packets discarded
    1769532 incoming packets delivered
    1121573 requests sent out
    132 outgoing packets dropped
    45867 dropped because of missing route
Tcp:
    64002 active connections openings
    7632 passive connection openings
    2309 failed connection attempts
    498 connection resets received
    8 connections established
    1018564 segments received
    1022700 segments send out
    16835 segments retransmited
    2 bad segments received.
    552 resets sent
Udp:
    133420 packets received
    7845 packets to unknown port received.
    0 packet receive errors
    74841 packets sent
    0 receive buffer errors
    0 send buffer errors

3.9 显示所有tcp(netstat -st)或udp(netstat -su)的统计信息

[root@zhz jiehun]# netstat -su
IcmpMsg:
    InType0: 11
    InType3: 13506
    OutType3: 13679
    OutType8: 11
Udp:
    133462 packets received
    7869 packets to unknown port received.
    0 packet receive errors
    74888 packets sent
    0 receive buffer errors
    0 send buffer errors
UdpLite:
IpExt:
    InNoRoutes: 991
    InMcastPkts: 24308
    OutMcastPkts: 2353
    InBcastPkts: 630615
    OutBcastPkts: 1546
    InOctets: 755319900
    OutOctets: 296705252
    InMcastOctets: 2908748
    OutMcastOctets: 93173
    InBcastOctets: 99500419
    OutBcastOctets: 299980

3.10 显示pid/进程名称 netstat -p   -p可以与其他参数一起使用 比如 显示tcp的进程id信息

[root@zhz jiehun]# netstat -pt
Active Internet connections (w/o servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address               Foreign Address             State       PID/Program name   
tcp        0      0 192.168.0.52:44784          123.150.49.20:http          FIN_WAIT2   4207/VirtualBox     
tcp        0      0 192.168.0.52:46715          ie-in-f125.1e100.net:https  ESTABLISHED 4207/VirtualBox     
tcp        0      0 192.168.0.52:43415          geotrust-ocsp-mtv.veri:http FIN_WAIT2   4207/VirtualBox     

3.11  在 netstat 输出中不显示主机，端口和用户名 (host, port or user)当你不想让主机，端口和用户名显示，使用 netstat -n。将会使用数字代替那些名称。同样可以加速输出，因为不用进行比对查询。netstat -ntpl  显示tcp的监听端口 不显示主机端口用户名 用数字代替

[root@zhz jiehun]# netstat -ptnl
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address               Foreign Address             State       PID/Program name   
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111                 0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      971/rpcbind         
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:8080                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      1526/nginx: master  
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80                  0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      1526/nginx: master  
tcp        0      0 192.168.122.1:53            0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      1248/dnsmasq        
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:8086              0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      1553/python         
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22                  0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      1163/sshd           
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:8087              0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      1553/python         
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:631               0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      1140/cupsd          
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:44343               0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      1151/rpc.statd      
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      18573/sendmail: acc 
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:3002              0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      1004/ruby           
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:8000                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      1526/nginx: master  

3.12  一秒钟输出一次tcp监听端口信息 netstat -ntplc

Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address               Foreign Address             State       PID/Program name   
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111                 0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      971/rpcbind         
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:8080                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      1526/nginx: master  
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80                  0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      1526/nginx: master  
tcp        0      0 192.168.122.1:53            0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      1248/dnsmasq        
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:8086              0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      1553/python         
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22                  0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      1163/sshd    

3.13  显示路由信息 netstat -r

[root@zhz jiehun]# netstat -r
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags   MSS Window  irtt Iface
default         vrouter         0.0.0.0         UG        0 0          0 eth0
192.168.0.0     *               255.255.255.0   U         0 0          0 eth0
192.168.122.0   *               255.255.255.0   U         0 0          0 virb

3.14 显示网络接口列表 netstat -i

[root@zhz jiehun]# netstat -i
Kernel Interface table
Iface       MTU Met    RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR    TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg
eth0       1500   0  4943885      0      0      0   901773      0      0      0 BMRU
lo        16436   0   236931      0      0      0   236931      0      0      0 LRU
virbr0     1500   0        0      0      0      0        0      0      0      0 BMU