logging模块
Python中有一个模块logging,可以直接记录日志
# 日志级别
# CRITICAL 50 # ERROR 40 # WARNING 30 # INFO 20 # DEBUG 10
filename: 指定的文件名创建FiledHandler,这样日志会被存储在指定的文件中;
filemode: 文件打开方式,在指定了filename时使用这个参数,默认值为“w”还可指定为“a”;
format: 指定handler使用的日志显示格式;
datefmt: 指定日期时间格式。,格式参考strftime时间格式化(下文)
level: 设置rootlogger的日志级别
stream: 用指定的stream创建StreamHandler。可以指定输出到sys.stderr,sys.stdout或者文件,默认为sys.stderr。
若同时列出了filename和stream两个参数,则stream参数会被忽略。
%(name)s |
Logger的名字 |
%(levelno)s |
数字形式的日志级别 |
%(levelname)s |
文本形式的日志级别 |
%(pathname)s |
调用日志输出函数的模块的完整路径名,可能没有 |
%(filename)s |
调用日志输出函数的模块的文件名 |
%(module)s |
调用日志输出函数的模块名 |
%(funcName)s |
调用日志输出函数的函数名 |
%(lineno)d |
调用日志输出函数的语句所在的代码行 |
%(created)f |
当前时间,用UNIX标准的表示时间的浮 点数表示 |
%(relativeCreated)d |
输出日志信息时的,自Logger创建以 来的毫秒数 |
%(asctime)s |
字符串形式的当前时间。默认格式是 “2003-07-08 16:49:45,896”。逗号后面的是毫秒 |
%(thread)d |
线程ID。可能没有 |
%(threadName)s |
线程名。可能没有 |
%(process)d |
进程ID。可能没有 |
%(message)s |
用户输出的消息 |
二、logging模块测试
1、打印日志到标准输出中
import logging logging.debug('debug message') logging.info('info message') logging.warning('warning message')
输出结果
C:UsersAdministratorAppDataLocalProgramsPythonPython36python.exe D:/pyworkpeace/tupian.py 'https://www.tianyancha.com/login' WARNING:root:warning message Process finished with exit code 0
可以看出默认情况下Python的logging模块将日志打印到了标准输出中,且只显示了大于等于WARNING级别的日志。默认的日志的格式为:
日志级别:Logger名称:用户输出消息
2、将日志文件输入到文件中
import os logging.basicConfig(filename=os.path.join(os.getcwd(),'log.txt'),level=logging.DEBUG) logging.debug('this is a message')
运行这三行代码后会在安装Python的目录中出现一个log.txt文件,文件内容
DEBUG:root:this is a message DEBUG:root:debug message
3、自定义格式,输出日志文件
# -*-coding:utf-8-*- import logging def console_out(logFilename): ''''' Output log to file and console ''' # Define a Handler and set a format which output to file logging.basicConfig( level=logging.DEBUG, # 定义输出到文件的log级别,大于此级别的都被输出 format='%(asctime)s %(filename)s : %(levelname)s %(message)s', # 定义输出log的格式 datefmt='%Y-%m-%d %A %H:%M:%S', # 时间 filename=logFilename, # log文件名 filemode='w') # 写入模式“w”或“a” # Define a Handler and set a format which output to console console = logging.StreamHandler() # 定义console handler console.setLevel(logging.INFO) # 定义该handler级别 formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s %(filename)s : %(levelname)s %(message)s') # 定义该handler格式 console.setFormatter(formatter) # Create an instance logging.getLogger().addHandler(console) # 实例化添加handler # Print information # 输出日志级别 logging.debug('logger debug message') logging.info('logger info message') logging.warning('logger warning message') logging.error('logger error message') logging.critical('logger critical message') if __name__ == "__main__": console_out('logging.log')
输出结果:
此时也会自动生成一个日志文件,日志文件和运行文件在同一个文件夹中,文件名logging.log
2017-10-23 Monday 11:37:59 hgghf : DEBUG logger debug message
2017-10-23 Monday 11:37:59 hgghf : INFO logger info message
2017-10-23 Monday 11:37:59 hgghf : WARNING logger warning message
2017-10-23 Monday 11:37:59 hgghf : ERROR logger error message
2017-10-23 Monday 11:37:59 hgghf : CRITICAL logger critical message
修改输出路径:
filename='/tmp/test1.log', # log文件名
当将脚本中这行代码换一下,那么我们输出日志的路径地址就换成了D: mp
下面的方式同样可以达到上述结果
4、自定义输出位置
import logging logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG, format='%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s', datefmt='%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S', filename='/tmp/test.log', filemode='w') logging.debug('debug message') logging.info('info message') logging.warning('warning message') logging.error('error message') logging.critical('critical message')
由于运行脚本放在D:pyworkpeace下,输出文件在D盘tmp文件夹下test.log,内容如下:
Mon, 23 Oct 2017 15:00:05 tupian.py[line:11] DEBUG debug message
Mon, 23 Oct 2017 15:00:05 tupian.py[line:12] INFO info message
Mon, 23 Oct 2017 15:00:05 tupian.py[line:13] WARNING warning message
Mon, 23 Oct 2017 15:00:05 tupian.py[line:14] ERROR error message
Mon, 23 Oct 2017 15:00:05 tupian.py[line:15] CRITICAL critical message
5.logging.basicConfig常用设置
# 添加日志 logging.basicConfig( level=logging.INFO, # 定义输出到文件的log级别,大于此级别的都被输出 format='%(asctime)s %(filename)s %(levelname)s : %(message)s', # 定义输出log的格式 datefmt='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', # 时间 filename='baidu.log', # log文件名 filemode='a', ) # 写入模式“w”或“a” # 输入日志信息 import logging import time logging.basicConfig( level=logging.INFO, # 定义输出到文件的log级别,大于此级别的都被输出 format='%(asctime)s %(filename)s %(levelname)s : %(message)s', # 定义输出log的格式 datefmt='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', # 时间 filename="{}info.log".format(time.strftime('%Y%m%d')), # log文件名 filemode='a', # 写入模式“w”或“a” ) console = logging.StreamHandler() console.setLevel(logging.INFO) # 设置格式 formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s %(filename)s %(levelname)s : %(message)s') # 告诉handler使用这个格式 console.setFormatter(formatter) # 为root logger添加handler logging.getLogger('').addHandler(console)
6.logging.basicConfig中文输出乱码
# 1.进入logging日志 __init__.py文件 # 2.找到 class FileHandler(StreamHandler): """ A handler class which writes formatted logging records to disk files. """ def __init__(self, filename, mode='a', encoding=None, delay=False): """ Open the specified file and use it as the stream for logging. """ # Issue #27493: add support for Path objects to be passed in filename = os.fspath(filename) #keep the absolute path, otherwise derived classes which use this #may come a cropper when the current directory changes self.baseFilename = os.path.abspath(filename) self.mode = mode self.encoding = encoding self.delay = delay if delay: #We don't open the stream, but we still need to call the #Handler constructor to set level, formatter, lock etc. Handler.__init__(self) self.stream = None else: StreamHandler.__init__(self, self._open()) # 3.将encoding=None改成 encoding='utf-8' class FileHandler(StreamHandler): """ A handler class which writes formatted logging records to disk files. """ def __init__(self, filename, mode='a', encoding='utf-8', delay=False): """ Open the specified file and use it as the stream for logging. """ # Issue #27493: add support for Path objects to be passed in filename = os.fspath(filename) #keep the absolute path, otherwise derived classes which use this #may come a cropper when the current directory changes self.baseFilename = os.path.abspath(filename) self.mode = mode self.encoding = encoding self.delay = delay if delay: #We don't open the stream, but we still need to call the #Handler constructor to set level, formatter, lock etc. Handler.__init__(self) self.stream = None else: StreamHandler.__init__(self, self._open())