iOS开发UI篇—transframe属性(形变)
1. transform属性
在OC中,通过transform属性可以修改对象的平移、缩放比例和旋转角度
常用的创建transform结构体方法分两大类
(1) 创建“基于控件初始位置”的形变
CGAffineTransformMakeTranslation(平移)
CGAffineTransformMakeScale(缩放)
CGAffineTransformMakeRotation(旋转)
(2) 创建“基于transform参数”的形变
CGAffineTransformTranslate
CGAffineTransformScale
CGAffineTransformRotate
补充:
在OC中,所有跟角度相关的数值,都是弧度值,180° = M_PI
正数表示顺时针旋转
负数表示逆时针旋转
提示:由于transform属性可以基于控件的上一次的状态进行叠加形变,例如,先旋转再平移。因此在实际动画开发中,当涉及位置、尺寸形变效果时,大多修改控件的transform属性,而不是frame、bounds、center 。
2.代码示例
// // YYViewController.m // 01-练习使用按钮的frame和center属性 // // Created by apple on 14-5-21. // Copyright (c) 2014年 itcase. All rights reserved. // #import "YYViewController.h" //私有扩展 @interface YYViewController () @property(nonatomic,weak)IBOutlet UIButton *headImageView; @end @implementation YYViewController //枚举类型,从1开始 //枚举类型有一个很大的作用,就是用来代替程序中的魔法数字 typedef enum { ktopbtntag=1, kdownbtntag, krightbtntag, kleftbtntag }btntag; //viewDidLoad是视图加载完成后调用的方法,通常在此方法中执行视图控制器的初始化工作 - (void)viewDidLoad { //在viewDidLoad方法中,不要忘记调用父类的方法实现 [super viewDidLoad]; //手写控件代码 //一、写一个按钮控件,上面有一张图片 //1.使用类创建一个按钮对象 // UIButton *headbtn=[[UIButton alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(100 ,100, 100, 100)]; //设置按钮对象为自定义型 UIButton *headbtn=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom]; //2.设置对象的各项属性 //(1)位置等通用属性设置 headbtn.frame=CGRectMake(100, 100, 100, 100); //(2)设置普通状态下按钮的属性 [headbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"i"] forState:UIControlStateNormal]; [headbtn setTitle:@"点我!" forState:UIControlStateNormal]; [headbtn setTitleColor:[UIColor redColor] forState:UIControlStateNormal]; //(3)设置高亮状态下按钮的属性 [headbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"a"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted]; [headbtn setTitle:@"还行吧~" forState:UIControlStateHighlighted]; [headbtn setTitleColor:[UIColor blueColor] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted]; //3.把对象添加到视图中展现出来 [self.view addSubview:headbtn]; //注意点! self.headImageView=headbtn; //二、写四个控制图片左右上下移动方向的按钮控件 /**================向上的按钮=====================*/ //1.创建按钮对象 UIButton *topbtn=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom]; //2.设置对象的属性 topbtn.frame=CGRectMake(100, 250, 40, 40); [topbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"top_normal"] forState:UIControlStateNormal]; [topbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"top_highlighted"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted]; [topbtn setTag:1]; //3.把控件添加到视图中 [self.view addSubview:topbtn]; //4.按钮的单击控制事件 [topbtn addTarget:self action:@selector(Click:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside]; /**================向下的按钮=====================*/ //1.创建按钮对象 UIButton *downbtn=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom]; //2.设置对象的属性 downbtn.frame=CGRectMake(100, 350, 40, 40); [downbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"bottom_normal"] forState:UIControlStateNormal]; [downbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"bottom_highlighted"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted]; [downbtn setTag:2]; //3.把控件添加到视图中 [self.view addSubview:downbtn]; //4.按钮的单击控制事件 [downbtn addTarget:self action:@selector(Click:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside]; /**================向左的按钮=====================*/ //1.创建按钮对象 UIButton *leftbtn=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom]; //2.设置对象的属性 leftbtn.frame=CGRectMake(50, 300, 40, 40); [leftbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"left_normal"] forState:UIControlStateNormal]; [leftbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"left_highlighted"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted]; [leftbtn setTag:4]; //3.把控件添加到视图中 [self.view addSubview:leftbtn]; //4.按钮的单击控制事件 [leftbtn addTarget:self action:@selector(Click:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside]; /**================向右的按钮=====================*/ //1.创建按钮对象 UIButton *rightbtn=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom]; //2.设置对象的属性 rightbtn.frame=CGRectMake(150, 300, 40, 40); [rightbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"right_normal"] forState:UIControlStateNormal]; [rightbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"right_highlighted"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted]; [rightbtn setTag:3]; //3.把控件添加到视图中 [self.view addSubview:rightbtn]; //4.按钮的单击控制事件 [rightbtn addTarget:self action:@selector(Click:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside]; //三、写两个缩放按钮 /**================放大的按钮=====================*/ //1.创建对象 UIButton *plusbtn=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom]; //2.设置属性 plusbtn.frame=CGRectMake(75, 400, 40, 40); [plusbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"plus_normal"] forState:UIControlStateNormal]; [plusbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"plus_highlighted"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted]; [plusbtn setTag:1]; //3.添加到视图 [self.view addSubview:plusbtn]; //4.单击事件 [plusbtn addTarget:self action:@selector(Zoom:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside]; /**================缩小的按钮=====================*/ UIButton *minusbtn=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom]; minusbtn.frame=CGRectMake(125, 400, 40, 40); [minusbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"minus_normal"] forState:UIControlStateNormal]; [minusbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"minus_highlighted"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted]; [minusbtn setTag:0]; [self.view addSubview:minusbtn]; [minusbtn addTarget:self action:@selector(Zoom:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside]; /**================向左旋转按钮=====================*/ UIButton *leftrotatebtn=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom]; [leftrotatebtn setFrame:CGRectMake(175, 400, 40, 40)]; [leftrotatebtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"left_rotate_normal"] forState:UIControlStateNormal]; [leftrotatebtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"left_rotate_highlighted"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted]; [leftrotatebtn setTag:1]; [self.view addSubview:leftrotatebtn]; [leftrotatebtn addTarget:self action:@selector(Rotate:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside]; /**================向右旋转按钮=====================*/ UIButton *rightrotatebtn=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom]; [rightrotatebtn setFrame:CGRectMake(225, 400, 40, 40)]; [rightrotatebtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"right_rotate_normal"] forState:UIControlStateNormal]; [rightrotatebtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"right_rotate_highlighted"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted]; [rightbtn setTag:0]; [self.view addSubview:rightrotatebtn]; [rightrotatebtn addTarget:self action:@selector(Rotate:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside]; } //控制方向的多个按钮调用同一个方法 -(void)Click:(UIButton *)button { //练习使用frame属性 //CGRect frame=self.headImageView.frame; /**注意,这里如果控制位置的两个属性frame和center同时使用的话,会出现很好玩的效果,注意分析*/ //练习使用center属性 CGPoint center=self.headImageView.center; switch (button.tag) { case ktopbtntag: center.y-=30; break; case kdownbtntag: center.y+=30; break; case kleftbtntag: //发现一个bug,之前的问题是因为少写了break,造成了它们的顺序执行,sorry //center.x=center.x-30; center.x-=50; break; case krightbtntag: center.x+=50; break; } // self.headImageView.frame=frame; //首尾式设置动画效果 [UIView beginAnimations:nil context:nil]; self.headImageView.center=center; //设置时间 [UIView setAnimationDuration:2.0]; [UIView commitAnimations]; NSLog(@"移动!"); } -(void)Zoom:(UIButton *)btn { //使用bounds,以中心点位原点进行缩放 CGRect bounds = self.headImageView.bounds; if (btn.tag) { bounds.size.height+=30; bounds.size.width+=30; } else { bounds.size.height-=50; bounds.size.width-=50; } //设置首尾动画 [UIView beginAnimations:nil context:nil]; self.headImageView.bounds=bounds; [UIView setAnimationDuration:2.0]; [UIView commitAnimations]; } -(void)Rotate:(UIButton *)rotate { //位移(不累加) //self.headImageView.transform=CGAffineTransformMakeTranslation(50, 200); //缩放 //self.headImageView.transform=CGAffineTransformMakeScale(1.2, 10); //在原有的基础上位移(是累加的) //self.headImageView.transform=CGAffineTransformTranslate(self.headImageView.transform, 50, 50); //在原有的基础上进行缩放 //self.headImageView.transform=CGAffineTransformScale(self.headImageView.transform, 1.5, 1.6); //在原有的基础上进行旋转 if (rotate.tag) { //旋转角度为1/pi,逆时针 self.headImageView.transform=CGAffineTransformRotate(self.headImageView.transform, -M_1_PI); } else { //旋转的角度为pi/2,顺时针 self.headImageView.transform=CGAffineTransformRotate(self.headImageView.transform, M_PI_2); } } @end
实现效果:
3.viewDidLoad
viewDidLoad是视图加载完成后调用的方法,通常在此方法中执行视图控制器的初始化工作
在viewDidLoad方法中,一定不要忘记调用父类的方法实现
[super viewDidLoad];