Nginx常见的安装方式
作者：尹正杰
版权声明：原创作品，谢绝转载！否则将追究法律责任。
一.Nginx概述
Nginx的安装版本分为开发版、稳定版和过期版， Nginx安装可以使用yum或源码安装，但是推荐使用源码安装,原因如下: 1>.是yum的版本比较旧; 2>.是编译安装可以更方便自定义相关路径; 3>.是使用源码编译可以自定义相关功能，更方便业务的上的使用。 源码安装需要提前准备以下环境: 标准的编译器，GCC的全称是(GNU Compiler collection),其有GNU开发，并以GPL即LGPL许可，是自由的类UNIX即苹果电脑Mac OS X操作系统的标准编译器，因为GCC原本只能处理C语言，所以原名为GNU C语言编译器，后来得到快速发展，可以处理C++,Fortran，pascal，objective-C，java以及Ada等其他语言 此外还需要Automake工具，以完成自动创建Makefile的工作
Nginx的一些模块需要依赖第三方库，比如pcre（支持rewrite），zlib（支持gzip模块）和openssl（支持ssl模块）等。
二.yum方式安装nginx(生产环境中进来不要使用yum方式安装nginx，尽管它的安装方式很简单)
1>.查看nginx官网提供的安装包
2>.如下图所示，选择相应的操作系统
3>.查看CentOS基于yum方式安装nginx的官网文档(http://nginx.org/en/linux_packages.html#RHEL-CentOS)
4>.根据官方文档基于yum方式安装nginx实战
[root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# yum -y install yum-utils Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn * epel: hk.mirrors.thegigabit.com * extras: mirror.jdcloud.com * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package yum-utils.noarch 0:1.1.31-52.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: python-kitchen for package: yum-utils-1.1.31-52.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: libxml2-python for package: yum-utils-1.1.31-52.el7.noarch --> Running transaction check ---> Package libxml2-python.x86_64 0:2.9.1-6.el7_2.3 will be installed ---> Package python-kitchen.noarch 0:1.1.1-5.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: python-chardet for package: python-kitchen-1.1.1-5.el7.noarch --> Running transaction check ---> Package python-chardet.noarch 0:2.2.1-3.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================================================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================================================================================================================ Installing: yum-utils noarch 1.1.31-52.el7 base 121 k Installing for dependencies: libxml2-python x86_64 2.9.1-6.el7_2.3 base 247 k python-chardet noarch 2.2.1-3.el7 base 227 k python-kitchen noarch 1.1.1-5.el7 base 267 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================================================================================================================ Install 1 Package (+3 Dependent packages) Total download size: 862 k Installed size: 4.3 M Downloading packages: (1/4): python-chardet-2.2.1-3.el7.noarch.rpm | 227 kB 00:00:00 (2/4): libxml2-python-2.9.1-6.el7_2.3.x86_64.rpm | 247 kB 00:00:00 (3/4): yum-utils-1.1.31-52.el7.noarch.rpm | 121 kB 00:00:00 (4/4): python-kitchen-1.1.1-5.el7.noarch.rpm | 267 kB 00:00:00 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 1.9 MB/s | 862 kB 00:00:00 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : python-chardet-2.2.1-3.el7.noarch 1/4 Installing : python-kitchen-1.1.1-5.el7.noarch 2/4 Installing : libxml2-python-2.9.1-6.el7_2.3.x86_64 3/4 Installing : yum-utils-1.1.31-52.el7.noarch 4/4 Verifying : python-kitchen-1.1.1-5.el7.noarch 1/4 Verifying : yum-utils-1.1.31-52.el7.noarch 2/4 Verifying : libxml2-python-2.9.1-6.el7_2.3.x86_64 3/4 Verifying : python-chardet-2.2.1-3.el7.noarch 4/4 Installed: yum-utils.noarch 0:1.1.31-52.el7 Dependency Installed: libxml2-python.x86_64 0:2.9.1-6.el7_2.3 python-chardet.noarch 0:2.2.1-3.el7 python-kitchen.noarch 0:1.1.1-5.el7 Complete! [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo #手动创建nginx.repo文件 [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo [nginx-stable] name=nginx stable repo baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=1 gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key module_hotfixes=true [nginx-mainline] name=nginx mainline repo baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/centos/$releasever/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key module_hotfixes=true [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# yum list nginx #可以确认咱们的配置生效了 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn * epel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com * updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com Available Packages nginx.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7.ngx nginx-stable [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# yum list nginx* Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn * epel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com * updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com Available Packages nginx.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7.ngx nginx-stable nginx-all-modules.noarch 1:1.16.1-1.el7 epel nginx-debug.x86_64 1:1.8.0-1.el7.ngx nginx-stable nginx-debuginfo.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7.ngx nginx-stable nginx-filesystem.noarch 1:1.16.1-1.el7 epel nginx-mod-http-image-filter.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 epel nginx-mod-http-perl.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 epel nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 epel nginx-mod-mail.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 epel nginx-mod-stream.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 epel nginx-module-geoip.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7.ngx nginx-stable nginx-module-geoip-debuginfo.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7.ngx nginx-stable nginx-module-image-filter.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7.ngx nginx-stable nginx-module-image-filter-debuginfo.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7.ngx nginx-stable nginx-module-njs.x86_64 1:1.16.1.0.3.7-1.el7.ngx nginx-stable nginx-module-njs-debuginfo.x86_64 1:1.16.1.0.3.7-1.el7.ngx nginx-stable nginx-module-perl.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7.ngx nginx-stable nginx-module-perl-debuginfo.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7.ngx nginx-stable nginx-module-xslt.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7.ngx nginx-stable nginx-module-xslt-debuginfo.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7.ngx nginx-stable nginx-nr-agent.noarch 2.0.0-12.el7.ngx nginx-stable [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# yum -y install nginx Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn * epel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com * updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package nginx.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7.ngx will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================================================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================================================================================================================ Installing: nginx x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7.ngx nginx-stable 766 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================================================================================================================ Install 1 Package Total download size: 766 k Installed size: 2.7 M Downloading packages: warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/nginx-stable/packages/nginx-1.16.1-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 7bd9bf62: NOKEY1 kB/s | 766 kB 00:00:00 ETA Public key for nginx-1.16.1-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm is not installed nginx-1.16.1-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm | 766 kB 00:01:06 Retrieving key from https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key Importing GPG key 0x7BD9BF62: Userid : "nginx signing key <signing-key@nginx.com>" Fingerprint: 573b fd6b 3d8f bc64 1079 a6ab abf5 bd82 7bd9 bf62 From : https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : 1:nginx-1.16.1-1.el7.ngx.x86_64 1/1 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Thanks for using nginx! Please find the official documentation for nginx here: * http://nginx.org/en/docs/ Please subscribe to nginx-announce mailing list to get the most important news about nginx: * http://nginx.org/en/support.html Commercial subscriptions for nginx are available on: * http://nginx.com/products/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Verifying : 1:nginx-1.16.1-1.el7.ngx.x86_64 1/1 Installed: nginx.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7.ngx Complete! [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# rpm -ql nginx /etc/logrotate.d/nginx /etc/nginx /etc/nginx/conf.d /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params /etc/nginx/koi-utf /etc/nginx/koi-win /etc/nginx/mime.types /etc/nginx/modules /etc/nginx/nginx.conf /etc/nginx/scgi_params /etc/nginx/uwsgi_params /etc/nginx/win-utf /etc/sysconfig/nginx /etc/sysconfig/nginx-debug /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx-debug.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service /usr/lib64/nginx /usr/lib64/nginx/modules /usr/libexec/initscripts/legacy-actions/nginx /usr/libexec/initscripts/legacy-actions/nginx/check-reload /usr/libexec/initscripts/legacy-actions/nginx/upgrade /usr/sbin/nginx /usr/sbin/nginx-debug /usr/share/doc/nginx-1.16.1 /usr/share/doc/nginx-1.16.1/COPYRIGHT /usr/share/man/man8/nginx.8.gz /usr/share/nginx /usr/share/nginx/html /usr/share/nginx/html/50x.html /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html /var/cache/nginx /var/log/nginx [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# rpm -qi nginx Name : nginx Epoch : 1 Version : 1.16.1 Release : 1.el7.ngx Architecture: x86_64 Install Date: Sun 15 Dec 2019 11:07:59 AM CST Group : System Environment/Daemons Size : 2811768 License : 2-clause BSD-like license Signature : RSA/SHA1, Wed 14 Aug 2019 12:16:59 AM CST, Key ID abf5bd827bd9bf62 Source RPM : nginx-1.16.1-1.el7.ngx.src.rpm Build Date : Tue 13 Aug 2019 11:04:33 PM CST Build Host : centos74-amd64-builder-builder.gnt.nginx.com Relocations : (not relocatable) Vendor : Nginx, Inc. URL : http://nginx.org/ Summary : High performance web server Description : nginx [engine x] is an HTTP and reverse proxy server, as well as a mail proxy server. [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service [Unit] Description=nginx - high performance web server Documentation=http://nginx.org/en/docs/ After=network-online.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target Wants=network-online.target [Service] Type=forking PIDFile=/var/run/nginx.pid ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID ExecStop=/bin/kill -s TERM $MAINPID [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# systemctl start nginx #启动nginx服务 [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ps -ef | grep nginx root 4225 1 0 12:06 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf nginx 4226 4225 0 12:06 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process root 4260 3535 0 13:21 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
5>.基于epel源安装nginx
[root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# yum -y install epel-release Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn * extras: mirror.jdcloud.com * updates: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package epel-release.noarch 0:7-11 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================================================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================================================================================================================ Installing: epel-release noarch 7-11 extras 15 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================================================================================================================ Install 1 Package Total download size: 15 k Installed size: 24 k Downloading packages: epel-release-7-11.noarch.rpm | 15 kB 00:00:00 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : epel-release-7-11.noarch 1/1 Verifying : epel-release-7-11.noarch 1/1 Installed: epel-release.noarch 0:7-11 Complete! [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# yum list nginx Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile epel/x86_64/metalink | 7.6 kB 00:00:00 * base: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn * epel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn * extras: mirror.jdcloud.com * updates: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn epel | 5.3 kB 00:00:00 (1/3): epel/x86_64/group_gz | 90 kB 00:00:00 (2/3): epel/x86_64/updateinfo | 1.0 MB 00:00:01 (3/3): epel/x86_64/primary_db | 6.9 MB 00:00:04 Available Packages nginx.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 epel [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
三.编译方式安装nginx
1>.下载nginx长期支持版本
博主推荐阅读： https://nginx.org/en/download.html
2>.如上图所示，将下载的软件上传到服务器进行后续的安装操作，如果服务器有网络的情况下，也可以直接在互联网下载
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# yum -y install wget Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Determining fastest mirrors * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn * updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 (1/4): base/7/x86_64/group_gz | 165 kB 00:00:00 (2/4): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 153 kB 00:00:00 (3/4): base/7/x86_64/primary_db | 6.0 MB 00:00:01 (4/4): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 5.8 MB 00:00:01 Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package wget.x86_64 0:1.14-18.el7_6.1 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================================================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================================================================================================================ Installing: wget x86_64 1.14-18.el7_6.1 base 547 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================================================================================================================ Install 1 Package Total download size: 547 k Installed size: 2.0 M Downloading packages: wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64.rpm | 547 kB 00:00:00 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64 1/1 Installed: wget.x86_64 0:1.14-18.el7_6.1 Complete! [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cd /usr/local/src/ [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /usr/local/src]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /usr/local/src]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /usr/local/src]# wget https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.14.2.tar.gz --2019-12-15 13:27:15-- https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.14.2.tar.gz Resolving nginx.org (nginx.org)... 95.211.80.227, 62.210.92.35, 2001:1af8:4060:a004:21::e3 Connecting to nginx.org (nginx.org)|95.211.80.227|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 1015384 (992K) [application/octet-stream] Saving to: ‘nginx-1.14.2.tar.gz’ 100%[==================================================================================================================================>] 1,015,384 16.5KB/s in 85s 2019-12-15 13:28:44 (11.7 KB/s) - ‘nginx-1.14.2.tar.gz’ saved [1015384/1015384] [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /usr/local/src]#
3>.解压nginx文件
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /usr/local/src]# ll total 992 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1015384 Dec 4 2018 nginx-1.14.2.tar.gz [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /usr/local/src]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /usr/local/src]# tar -xf nginx-1.14.2.tar.gz [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /usr/local/src]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /usr/local/src]# ll total 992 drwxr-xr-x 8 1001 1001 158 Dec 4 2018 nginx-1.14.2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1015384 Dec 4 2018 nginx-1.14.2.tar.gz [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /usr/local/src]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /usr/local/src]#
4>.准备编译安装的基础环境
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# yum -y install vim lrzsz tree screen psmisc lsof tcpdump wget ntpdate gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel pcre pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel systemd-devel net-tools iotop bc zip unzip zlib-devel bash-completion nfs-utils automake libxml2 libxml2-devel libxslt libxslt-devel perl perl-ExtUtils-Embed
gcc为GNU Compiler Collection的缩写，可以编译C和C++源代码等，它是GNU开发的C和C++以及其他很多种语言的编译器（最早的时候只能编译C，后来很快进化成一个编译多种语言的集合，如Fortran、Pascal、Objective-C、Java、Ada、 Go等。） gcc 在编译C++源代码的阶段，只能编译 C++ 源文件，而不能自动和 C++ 程序使用的库链接（编译过程分为编译、链接两个阶段，注意不要和可执行文件这个概念搞混，相对可执行文件来说有三个重要的概念：编译（compile）、链接（link）、加载（load）。源程序文件被编译成目标文件，多个目标文件连同库被链接成一个最终的可执行文件，可执行文件被加载到内存中运行）。因此，通常使用 g++ 命令来完成 C++ 程序的编译和连接，该程序会自动调用 gcc 实现编译。 gcc-c++也能编译C源代码，只不过把会把它当成C++源代码，后缀为.c的，gcc把它当作是C程序，而g++当作是c++程序；后缀为.cpp的，两者都会认为是c++程序，注意，虽然c++是c的超集，但是两者对语法的要求是有区别的。 automake是一个从Makefile.am文件自动生成Makefile.in的工具。为了生成Makefile.in，automake还需用到perl，由于automake创建的发布完全遵循GNU标准，所以在创建中不需要perl。libtool是一款方便生成各种程序库的工具。 pcre pcre-devel：在Nginx编译需要 PCRE(Perl Compatible Regular Expression)，因为Nginx的Rewrite模块和HTTP 核心模块会使用到PCRE正则表达式语法。 zlip zlib-devel：nginx启用压缩功能的时候，需要此模块的支持。 openssl openssl-devel：开启SSL的时候需要此模块的支持。
5>.配置nginx模块(该步骤会检查nginx编译时需要的环境，如依赖包等，若不满足则会在配置过程中失败，并且会生成一个)
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /usr/local/src]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /usr/local/src]# ll total 992 drwxr-xr-x 8 1001 1001 158 Dec 4 2018 nginx-1.14.2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1015384 Dec 4 2018 nginx-1.14.2.tar.gz [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /usr/local/src]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /usr/local/src]# cd nginx-1.14.2 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /usr/local/src/nginx-1.14.2]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /usr/local/src/nginx-1.14.2]# ll total 728 drwxr-xr-x 6 1001 1001 326 Dec 15 13:32 auto -rw-r--r-- 1 1001 1001 288742 Dec 4 2018 CHANGES -rw-r--r-- 1 1001 1001 440121 Dec 4 2018 CHANGES.ru drwxr-xr-x 2 1001 1001 168 Dec 15 13:32 conf -rwxr-xr-x 1 1001 1001 2502 Dec 4 2018 configure drwxr-xr-x 4 1001 1001 72 Dec 15 13:32 contrib drwxr-xr-x 2 1001 1001 40 Dec 15 13:32 html -rw-r--r-- 1 1001 1001 1397 Dec 4 2018 LICENSE drwxr-xr-x 2 1001 1001 21 Dec 15 13:32 man -rw-r--r-- 1 1001 1001 49 Dec 4 2018 README drwxr-xr-x 9 1001 1001 91 Dec 15 13:32 src [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /usr/local/src/nginx-1.14.2]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /usr/local/src/nginx-1.14.2]# file configure configure: POSIX shell script, ASCII text executable [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /usr/local/src/nginx-1.14.2]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /usr/local/src/nginx-1.14.2]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /usr/local/src/nginx-1.14.2]# ./configure --help --help print this message --prefix=PATH set installation prefix --sbin-path=PATH set nginx binary pathname --modules-path=PATH set modules path --conf-path=PATH set nginx.conf pathname --error-log-path=PATH set error log pathname --pid-path=PATH set nginx.pid pathname --lock-path=PATH set nginx.lock pathname --user=USER set non-privileged user for worker processes --group=GROUP set non-privileged group for worker processes --build=NAME set build name --builddir=DIR set build directory --with-select_module enable select module --without-select_module disable select module --with-poll_module enable poll module --without-poll_module disable poll module --with-threads enable thread pool support --with-file-aio enable file AIO support --with-http_ssl_module enable ngx_http_ssl_module --with-http_v2_module enable ngx_http_v2_module --with-http_realip_module enable ngx_http_realip_module --with-http_addition_module enable ngx_http_addition_module --with-http_xslt_module enable ngx_http_xslt_module --with-http_xslt_module=dynamic enable dynamic ngx_http_xslt_module --with-http_image_filter_module enable ngx_http_image_filter_module --with-http_image_filter_module=dynamic enable dynamic ngx_http_image_filter_module --with-http_geoip_module enable ngx_http_geoip_module --with-http_geoip_module=dynamic enable dynamic ngx_http_geoip_module --with-http_sub_module enable ngx_http_sub_module --with-http_dav_module enable ngx_http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module enable ngx_http_flv_module --with-http_mp4_module enable ngx_http_mp4_module --with-http_gunzip_module enable ngx_http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module enable ngx_http_gzip_static_module --with-http_auth_request_module enable ngx_http_auth_request_module --with-http_random_index_module enable ngx_http_random_index_module --with-http_secure_link_module enable ngx_http_secure_link_module --with-http_degradation_module enable ngx_http_degradation_module --with-http_slice_module enable ngx_http_slice_module --with-http_stub_status_module enable ngx_http_stub_status_module --without-http_charset_module disable ngx_http_charset_module --without-http_gzip_module disable ngx_http_gzip_module --without-http_ssi_module disable ngx_http_ssi_module --without-http_userid_module disable ngx_http_userid_module --without-http_access_module disable ngx_http_access_module --without-http_auth_basic_module disable ngx_http_auth_basic_module --without-http_mirror_module disable ngx_http_mirror_module --without-http_autoindex_module disable ngx_http_autoindex_module --without-http_geo_module disable ngx_http_geo_module --without-http_map_module disable ngx_http_map_module --without-http_split_clients_module disable ngx_http_split_clients_module --without-http_referer_module disable ngx_http_referer_module --without-http_rewrite_module disable ngx_http_rewrite_module --without-http_proxy_module disable ngx_http_proxy_module --without-http_fastcgi_module disable ngx_http_fastcgi_module --without-http_uwsgi_module disable ngx_http_uwsgi_module --without-http_scgi_module disable ngx_http_scgi_module --without-http_grpc_module disable ngx_http_grpc_module --without-http_memcached_module disable ngx_http_memcached_module --without-http_limit_conn_module disable ngx_http_limit_conn_module --without-http_limit_req_module disable ngx_http_limit_req_module --without-http_empty_gif_module disable ngx_http_empty_gif_module --without-http_browser_module disable ngx_http_browser_module --without-http_upstream_hash_module disable ngx_http_upstream_hash_module --without-http_upstream_ip_hash_module disable ngx_http_upstream_ip_hash_module --without-http_upstream_least_conn_module disable ngx_http_upstream_least_conn_module --without-http_upstream_keepalive_module disable ngx_http_upstream_keepalive_module --without-http_upstream_zone_module disable ngx_http_upstream_zone_module --with-http_perl_module enable ngx_http_perl_module --with-http_perl_module=dynamic enable dynamic ngx_http_perl_module --with-perl_modules_path=PATH set Perl modules path --with-perl=PATH set perl binary pathname --http-log-path=PATH set http access log pathname --http-client-body-temp-path=PATH set path to store http client request body temporary files --http-proxy-temp-path=PATH set path to store http proxy temporary files --http-fastcgi-temp-path=PATH set path to store http fastcgi temporary files --http-uwsgi-temp-path=PATH set path to store http uwsgi temporary files --http-scgi-temp-path=PATH set path to store http scgi temporary files --without-http disable HTTP server --without-http-cache disable HTTP cache --with-mail enable POP3/IMAP4/SMTP proxy module --with-mail=dynamic enable dynamic POP3/IMAP4/SMTP proxy module --with-mail_ssl_module enable ngx_mail_ssl_module --without-mail_pop3_module disable ngx_mail_pop3_module --without-mail_imap_module disable ngx_mail_imap_module --without-mail_smtp_module disable ngx_mail_smtp_module --with-stream enable TCP/UDP proxy module --with-stream=dynamic enable dynamic TCP/UDP proxy module --with-stream_ssl_module enable ngx_stream_ssl_module --with-stream_realip_module enable ngx_stream_realip_module --with-stream_geoip_module enable ngx_stream_geoip_module --with-stream_geoip_module=dynamic enable dynamic ngx_stream_geoip_module --with-stream_ssl_preread_module enable ngx_stream_ssl_preread_module --without-stream_limit_conn_module disable ngx_stream_limit_conn_module --without-stream_access_module disable ngx_stream_access_module --without-stream_geo_module disable ngx_stream_geo_module --without-stream_map_module disable ngx_stream_map_module --without-stream_split_clients_module disable ngx_stream_split_clients_module --without-stream_return_module disable ngx_stream_return_module --without-stream_upstream_hash_module disable ngx_stream_upstream_hash_module --without-stream_upstream_least_conn_module disable ngx_stream_upstream_least_conn_module --without-stream_upstream_zone_module disable ngx_stream_upstream_zone_module --with-google_perftools_module enable ngx_google_perftools_module --with-cpp_test_module enable ngx_cpp_test_module --add-module=PATH enable external module --add-dynamic-module=PATH enable dynamic external module --with-compat dynamic modules compatibility --with-cc=PATH set C compiler pathname --with-cpp=PATH set C preprocessor pathname --with-cc-opt=OPTIONS set additional C compiler options --with-ld-opt=OPTIONS set additional linker options --with-cpu-opt=CPU build for the specified CPU, valid values: pentium, pentiumpro, pentium3, pentium4, athlon, opteron, sparc32, sparc64, ppc64 --without-pcre disable PCRE library usage --with-pcre force PCRE library usage --with-pcre=DIR set path to PCRE library sources --with-pcre-opt=OPTIONS set additional build options for PCRE --with-pcre-jit build PCRE with JIT compilation support --with-zlib=DIR set path to zlib library sources --with-zlib-opt=OPTIONS set additional build options for zlib --with-zlib-asm=CPU use zlib assembler sources optimized for the specified CPU, valid values: pentium, pentiumpro --with-libatomic force libatomic_ops library usage --with-libatomic=DIR set path to libatomic_ops library sources --with-openssl=DIR set path to OpenSSL library sources --with-openssl-opt=OPTIONS set additional build options for OpenSSL --with-debug enable debug logging [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /usr/local/src/nginx-1.14.2]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /usr/local/src/nginx-1.14.2]# ./configure --prefix=/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx #指定编译安装时的路径，这些编译参数在帮助信息均有记录哟~ > --user=nginx #指定以nginx用户运行服务 > --group=nginx #指定以nginx组运行服务 > --with-http_ssl_module #支持ssl功能 > --with-http_v2_module #支持http2功能 > --with-http_realip_module #做反向代理时可以转发真实的IP地址 > --with-http_stub_status_module #开启状态页 > --with-http_gzip_static_module #开启静态压缩功能 > --with-pcre #支持正则 > --with-stream #支持TCP代理的方式 > --with-stream_ssl_module > --with-stream_realip_module ...... checking for OpenSSL library ... found checking for zlib library ... found creating objs/Makefile Configuration summary + using system PCRE library + using system OpenSSL library + using system zlib library nginx path prefix: "/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx" nginx binary file: "/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/sbin/nginx" nginx modules path: "/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/modules" nginx configuration prefix: "/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf" nginx configuration file: "/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf" nginx pid file: "/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/logs/nginx.pid" nginx error log file: "/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/logs/error.log" nginx http access log file: "/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/logs/access.log" nginx http client request body temporary files: "client_body_temp" nginx http proxy temporary files: "proxy_temp" nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "fastcgi_temp" nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "uwsgi_temp" nginx http scgi temporary files: "scgi_temp" [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /usr/local/src/nginx-1.14.2]# echo $? 0 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /usr/local/src/nginx-1.14.2]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /usr/local/src/nginx-1.14.2]# ll Makefile #注意，"./configure"这个步骤会有两个操作，第一是检查编译安装需要依赖的软件包等环境,如果缺少依赖包则配置不成功;第二是会生成Makefile的配置文件哟~ -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 424 Dec 15 13:47 Makefile [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /usr/local/src/nginx-1.14.2]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /usr/local/src/nginx-1.14.2]# date Sun Dec 15 13:48:44 CST 2019 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /usr/local/src/nginx-1.14.2]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /usr/local/src/nginx-1.14.2]# cat Makefile default: build clean: rm -rf Makefile objs build: $(MAKE) -f objs/Makefile install: $(MAKE) -f objs/Makefile install modules: $(MAKE) -f objs/Makefile modules upgrade: /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/sbin/nginx -t kill -USR2 `cat /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/logs/nginx.pid` sleep 1 test -f /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/logs/nginx.pid.oldbin kill -QUIT `cat /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/logs/nginx.pid.oldbin` [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /usr/local/src/nginx-1.14.2]#
6>.编译(该步骤会根据Makefile文件生成相应的模块)
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /usr/local/src/nginx-1.14.2]# lscpu Architecture: x86_64 CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit Byte Order: Little Endian CPU(s): 4 On-line CPU(s) list: 0-3 Thread(s) per core: 1 Core(s) per socket: 4 Socket(s): 1 NUMA node(s): 1 Vendor ID: GenuineIntel CPU family: 6 Model: 158 Model name: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8750H CPU @ 2.20GHz Stepping: 10 CPU MHz: 2208.000 BogoMIPS: 4416.00 Hypervisor vendor: KVM Virtualization type: full L1d cache: 32K L1i cache: 32K L2 cache: 256K L3 cache: 9216K NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-3 Flags: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt aes xsave avx rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch fsgsbase avx2 invpcid rdseed clflushopt flush_l1d[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /usr/local/src/nginx-1.14.2]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /usr/local/src/nginx-1.14.2]# make -j 4 ...... objs/src/stream/ngx_stream_ssl_module.o objs/src/stream/ngx_stream_realip_module.o objs/src/stream/ngx_stream_limit_conn_module.o objs/src/stream/ngx_stream_access_module.o objs/src/stream/ngx_stream_geo_module.o objs/src/stream/ngx_stream_map_module.o objs/src/stream/ngx_stream_split_clients_module.o objs/src/stream/ngx_stream_return_module.o objs/src/stream/ngx_stream_upstream_hash_module.o objs/src/stream/ngx_stream_upstream_least_conn_module.o objs/src/stream/ngx_stream_upstream_zone_module.o objs/ngx_modules.o -ldl -lpthread -lcrypt -lpcre -lssl -lcrypto -ldl -lpthread -lz -Wl,-E sed -e "s|%%PREFIX%%|/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx|" -e "s|%%PID_PATH%%|/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/logs/nginx.pid|" -e "s|%%CONF_PATH%%|/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf|" -e "s|%%ERROR_LOG_PATH%%|/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/logs/error.log|" < man/nginx.8 > objs/nginx.8 make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/src/nginx-1.14.2' [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /usr/local/src/nginx-1.14.2]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /usr/local/src/nginx-1.14.2]# echo $? 0 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /usr/local/src/nginx-1.14.2]#
7>.安装(该步骤会创建目录，并将生成的模块和文件复制到相应的目录)
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /usr/local/src/nginx-1.14.2]# make install make -f objs/Makefile install make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/local/src/nginx-1.14.2' test -d '/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx' || mkdir -p '/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx' test -d '/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/sbin' || mkdir -p '/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/sbin' test ! -f '/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/sbin/nginx' || mv '/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/sbin/nginx' '/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/sbin/nginx.old' cp objs/nginx '/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/sbin/nginx' test -d '/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf' || mkdir -p '/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf' cp conf/koi-win '/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf' cp conf/koi-utf '/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf' cp conf/win-utf '/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf' test -f '/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/mime.types' || cp conf/mime.types '/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf' cp conf/mime.types '/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/mime.types.default' test -f '/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/fastcgi_params' || cp conf/fastcgi_params '/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf' cp conf/fastcgi_params '/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/fastcgi_params.default' test -f '/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/fastcgi.conf' || cp conf/fastcgi.conf '/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf' cp conf/fastcgi.conf '/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/fastcgi.conf.default' test -f '/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/uwsgi_params' || cp conf/uwsgi_params '/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf' cp conf/uwsgi_params '/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/uwsgi_params.default' test -f '/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/scgi_params' || cp conf/scgi_params '/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf' cp conf/scgi_params '/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/scgi_params.default' test -f '/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf' || cp conf/nginx.conf '/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf' cp conf/nginx.conf '/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf.default' test -d '/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/logs' || mkdir -p '/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/logs' test -d '/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/logs' || mkdir -p '/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/logs' test -d '/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/html' || cp -R html '/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx' test -d '/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/logs' || mkdir -p '/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/logs' make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/src/nginx-1.14.2' [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /usr/local/src/nginx-1.14.2]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /usr/local/src/nginx-1.14.2]# echo $? 0 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /usr/local/src/nginx-1.14.2]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /usr/local/src/nginx-1.14.2]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /usr/local/src/nginx-1.14.2]# ll /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/ total 0 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 333 Dec 15 13:56 conf #保存nginx所有的配置文件，其中nginx.conf是nginx服务器的最核心最主要的配置文件，其他的.conf则是用来配置nginx相关的功能的，例如fastcgi功能使用的是fastcgi.conf和fastcgi_params两个文件，配置文件一般都有个样板配置文件，是文件名.default结尾，使用的使用将其复制为并将default去掉即可。 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 40 Dec 15 13:56 html #保存了nginx服务器的web文件，但是可以更改为其他目录保存web文件,另外还有一个50x的web文件是默认的错误页面提示页面 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Dec 15 13:56 logs #用来保存nginx服务器的访问日志错误日志等日志，logs目录可以放在其他路径，比如/var/logs/nginx里面。 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 19 Dec 15 13:56 sbin #保存nginx二进制启动脚本，可以接受不同的参数以实现不同的功能。 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /usr/local/src/nginx-1.14.2]#
8>.创建nginx并授权
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# useradd nginx -s /sbin/nologin -u 2000 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# chown nginx:nginx -R /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/ [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
9>.启动nginx服务
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:111 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/sbin/nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/sbin/nginx #启动nginx程序成功后，可以通过web界面访问 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:111 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
10>.CentOS 7.6编写nginx启动脚本
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service [Unit] Description=YinZhengJie's nginx - high performance web server Documentation=http://nginx.org/en/docs/ After=network-online.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target Wants=network-online.target [Service] Type=forking PIDFile=/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/logs/nginx.pid ExecStart=/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID ExecStop=/bin/kill -s TERM $MAINPID [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# systemctl status nginx.service ● nginx.service - YinZhengJie's nginx - high performance web server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: inactive (dead) Docs: http://nginx.org/en/docs/ Dec 15 15:17:12 node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn systemd[1]: Unit nginx.service cannot be reloaded because it is inactive. Dec 15 15:20:21 node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn systemd[1]: Starting YinZhengJie's nginx - high performance web server... Dec 15 15:20:21 node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn systemd[1]: Started YinZhengJie's nginx - high performance web server. Dec 15 15:20:28 node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn systemd[1]: Stopping YinZhengJie's nginx - high performance web server... Dec 15 15:20:28 node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn systemd[1]: Stopped YinZhengJie's nginx - high performance web server. [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# systemctl start nginx.service #启动nginx服务 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# systemctl status nginx.service ● nginx.service - YinZhengJie's nginx - high performance web server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Sun 2019-12-15 15:26:19 CST; 4s ago Docs: http://nginx.org/en/docs/ Process: 12749 ExecStart=/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 12750 (nginx) CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service ├─12750 nginx: master process /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf └─12751 nginx: worker process Dec 15 15:26:19 node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn systemd[1]: Starting YinZhengJie's nginx - high performance web server... Dec 15 15:26:19 node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn systemd[1]: Started YinZhengJie's nginx - high performance web server. [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# systemctl status nginx.service ● nginx.service - YinZhengJie's nginx - high performance web server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Sun 2019-12-15 15:26:19 CST; 48s ago Docs: http://nginx.org/en/docs/ Process: 12749 ExecStart=/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 12750 (nginx) CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service ├─12750 nginx: master process /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf └─12751 nginx: worker process Dec 15 15:26:19 node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn systemd[1]: Starting YinZhengJie's nginx - high performance web server... Dec 15 15:26:19 node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn systemd[1]: Started YinZhengJie's nginx - high performance web server. [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# systemctl stop nginx.service #停止nginx服务 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# systemctl status nginx.service ● nginx.service - YinZhengJie's nginx - high performance web server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: inactive (dead) Docs: http://nginx.org/en/docs/ Dec 15 15:17:12 node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn systemd[1]: Unit nginx.service cannot be reloaded because it is inactive. Dec 15 15:20:21 node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn systemd[1]: Starting YinZhengJie's nginx - high performance web server... Dec 15 15:20:21 node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn systemd[1]: Started YinZhengJie's nginx - high performance web server. Dec 15 15:20:28 node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn systemd[1]: Stopping YinZhengJie's nginx - high performance web server... Dec 15 15:20:28 node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn systemd[1]: Stopped YinZhengJie's nginx - high performance web server. Dec 15 15:26:19 node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn systemd[1]: Starting YinZhengJie's nginx - high performance web server... Dec 15 15:26:19 node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn systemd[1]: Started YinZhengJie's nginx - high performance web server. Dec 15 15:27:16 node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn systemd[1]: Stopping YinZhengJie's nginx - high performance web server... Dec 15 15:27:16 node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn systemd[1]: Stopped YinZhengJie's nginx - high performance web server. [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# systemctl status nginx.service ● nginx.service - YinZhengJie's nginx - high performance web server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Sun 2019-12-15 15:29:52 CST; 11s ago Docs: http://nginx.org/en/docs/ Process: 12774 ExecStart=/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 12775 (nginx) CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service ├─12775 nginx: master process /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf └─12776 nginx: worker process Dec 15 15:29:52 node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn systemd[1]: Starting YinZhengJie's nginx - high performance web server... Dec 15 15:29:52 node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn systemd[1]: Started YinZhengJie's nginx - high performance web server. [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ps -ef | grep nginx root 12775 1 0 15:29 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf nginx 12776 12775 0 15:29 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process root 12782 12129 0 15:30 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# systemctl reload nginx #重新加载nginx的配置文件，此时nginx的master进程不会消亡，而是worker生成了新的worker进程，之前的worker进程处理完现有的进程后会自动消亡。 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ps -ef | grep nginx root 12775 1 0 15:29 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf nginx 12790 12775 0 15:30 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process root 12792 12129 0 15:30 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
11>.推荐手动管理nginx服务(通常情况下，我们可能不喜欢使用centos自带的命令去管理nginx，因为敲得命令比较长呗~我们会更乐意给nginx创建一个软连接进行管理)
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ln -sv /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/sbin/ #是不是上面介绍直接使用centos7的systemctl命令管理nginx敲击命令太长了？因此生产环境中我更喜欢创建一个软连接。 ‘/usr/sbin/nginx’ -> ‘/yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/sbin/nginx’ [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nginx -s stop [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
四.nginx命令常用参数介绍
1>.查看帮助信息
[root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nginx -h nginx version: nginx/1.16.1 Usage: nginx [-?hvVtTq] [-s signal] [-c filename] [-p prefix] [-g directives] Options: -?,-h : this help -v : show version and exit -V : show version and configure options then exit -t : test configuration and exit -T : test configuration, dump it and exit -q : suppress non-error messages during configuration testing -s signal : send signal to a master process: stop, quit, reopen, reload -p prefix : set prefix path (default: /etc/nginx/) -c filename : set configuration file (default: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf) -g directives : set global directives out of configuration file [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
2>."-v"参数使用案例
[root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nginx -v #查看nginx的版本简要信息 nginx version: nginx/1.16.1 [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
3>."-V"参数使用案例
[root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nginx -V #会列出nginx版本以及配置选项，升级安装时，我们得参考这些配置选项，升级时别忘记把列出的所有参数都带上，这样升级也做到了向下兼容。 nginx version: nginx/1.16.1 built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-36) (GCC) built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips 26 Jan 2017 TLS SNI support enabled configure arguments: --prefix=/etc/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --modules-path=/usr/lib64/nginx/modules --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/ngi nx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/client_temp --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-compat --with-file-aio --with-threads --with-http_addition_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_slice_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_v2_module --with-mail --with-mail_ssl_module --with-stream --with-stream_realip_module --with-stream_ssl_module --with-stream_ssl_preread_module --with-cc-opt='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -fPIC' --with-ld-opt='-Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -pie' [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
4>."-t"参数使用案例
[root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nginx -t #检查nginx的配置文件语法是否正确 nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
5>."-T"参数使用案例
[root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nginx -T #检查mnginx的配置文件语法是否正确并列出生效的文件内容 nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful # configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf: user nginx; worker_processes 1; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn; pid /var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main; sendfile on; #tcp_nopush on; keepalive_timeout 65; #gzip on; include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; } # configuration file /etc/nginx/mime.types: types { text/html html htm shtml; text/css css; text/xml xml; image/gif gif; image/jpeg jpeg jpg; application/javascript js; application/atom+xml atom; application/rss+xml rss; text/mathml mml; text/plain txt; text/vnd.sun.j2me.app-descriptor jad; text/vnd.wap.wml wml; text/x-component htc; image/png png; image/svg+xml svg svgz; image/tiff tif tiff; image/vnd.wap.wbmp wbmp; image/webp webp; image/x-icon ico; image/x-jng jng; image/x-ms-bmp bmp; font/woff woff; font/woff2 woff2; application/java-archive jar war ear; application/json json; application/mac-binhex40 hqx; application/msword doc; application/pdf pdf; application/postscript ps eps ai; application/rtf rtf; application/vnd.apple.mpegurl m3u8; application/vnd.google-earth.kml+xml kml; application/vnd.google-earth.kmz kmz; application/vnd.ms-excel xls; application/vnd.ms-fontobject eot; application/vnd.ms-powerpoint ppt; application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.graphics odg; application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation odp; application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet ods; application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text odt; application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation pptx; application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet xlsx; application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document docx; application/vnd.wap.wmlc wmlc; application/x-7z-compressed 7z; application/x-cocoa cco; application/x-java-archive-diff jardiff; application/x-java-jnlp-file jnlp; application/x-makeself run; application/x-perl pl pm; application/x-pilot prc pdb; application/x-rar-compressed rar; application/x-redhat-package-manager rpm; application/x-sea sea; application/x-shockwave-flash swf; application/x-stuffit sit; application/x-tcl tcl tk; application/x-x509-ca-cert der pem crt; application/x-xpinstall xpi; application/xhtml+xml xhtml; application/xspf+xml xspf; application/zip zip; application/octet-stream bin exe dll; application/octet-stream deb; application/octet-stream dmg; application/octet-stream iso img; application/octet-stream msi msp msm; audio/midi mid midi kar; audio/mpeg mp3; audio/ogg ogg; audio/x-m4a m4a; audio/x-realaudio ra; video/3gpp 3gpp 3gp; video/mp2t ts; video/mp4 mp4; video/mpeg mpeg mpg; video/quicktime mov; video/webm webm; video/x-flv flv; video/x-m4v m4v; video/x-mng mng; video/x-ms-asf asx asf; video/x-ms-wmv wmv; video/x-msvideo avi; } # configuration file /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf: server { listen 80; server_name localhost; #charset koi8-r; #access_log /var/log/nginx/host.access.log main; location / { root /usr/share/nginx/html; index index.html index.htm; } #error_page 404 /404.html; # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root /usr/share/nginx/html; } # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80 # #location ~ .php$ { # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1; #} # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000 # #location ~ .php$ { # root html; # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; # fastcgi_index index.php; # fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name; # include fastcgi_params; #} # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root # concurs with nginx's one # #location ~ /.ht { # deny all; #} } [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
6>."-q"参数使用案例
[root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nginx -q #在配置测试期间禁止显示非错误消息,也就是说如果没有输出就没有错误，即没有输出就是最好的结果啦~ [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nginx -q #第一次执行时若配置文件无问题，则会启用nginx服务，但第二次在执行的话，又一次启动nginx服务会导致地址的端口冲突的，因此会抛出端口被占用的错误提示哟，错误提示如下所示。 nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use) nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use) nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use) nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use) nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use) nginx: [emerg] still could not bind() [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
7>."-s"参数使用案例
[root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nginx -h nginx version: nginx/1.16.1 Usage: nginx [-?hvVtTq] [-s signal] [-c filename] [-p prefix] [-g directives] Options: -?,-h : this help -v : show version and exit -V : show version and configure options then exit -t : test configuration and exit -T : test configuration, dump it and exit -q : suppress non-error messages during configuration testing -s signal : send signal to a master process: stop, quit, reopen, reload -p prefix : set prefix path (default: /etc/nginx/) -c filename : set configuration file (default: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf) -g directives : set global directives out of configuration file [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nginx [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nginx -s stop #停止nginx服务 [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
8>."-c"参数使用案例
[root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf #指定nginx的配置文件启动 [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
五.Nginx默认配置文件参数说明
博主推荐阅读: https://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/p/12032229.html