• python_day2学习笔记


    • 基本数据类型

    1、数字

    int(整型)

      在32位机器上,整数的位数为32位,取值范围为-2**31~2**31-1,即-2147483648~2147483647
      在64位系统上,整数的位数为64位,取值范围为-2**63~2**63-1,即-9223372036854775808~9223372036854775807
      1 1)int --> string
      2 str是保留关键字,
      3 >>>a = 10
      4 >>>str1 = str(a)
      5 
      6 2)string --> int
      7 >>>x = "10"
      8 >>>y = int(x)
    
     1 >>> lists = ['a', 'b', 'e', 'c', 'd', 'a']
     2 >>> print '列表list转换为str:', ''.join(lists)
     3 结果:
     4 列表list转换为str: abecda
     5 
     6 >>>strs = 'hongten'
     7 >>>print '序列strs转换为list:', list(strs)
     8 结果:
     9 序列strs转换为list:['h', 'o', 'n', 'g', 't', 'e', 'n']
    10 
    11 >>>print '列表list转换为tuple:', tuple(lists)
    12 结果:
    13 列表list转换为tuple:('h', 'o', 'n', 'g', 't', 'e', 'n'14 
    15 >>>print '整数转换为字符chr:', chr(67)
    16 结果:
    17 整数转换为字符chr:'C'
    18 
    19 >>>print('字符chr转换为整数:', ord('C'))
    20 结果:
    21 字符chr转换为整数:67
    22 
    23 >>>print('整数转16进制数:', hex(12))
    24 结果::
    25 整数转16进制数:'0xc'
    26 
    27 >>>print('整数转8进制数:', oct(12))
    28 结果:
    29 整数转8进制数:'014'

    2、布尔值

     在计算机内部,python使用1来表示True,而使用0来表示False。可以使用int数将布尔值转换为一个整数。

    1 实例:
    2 >>>print(int(True))
    3 >>>1
    4 
    5 >>>print(int(False))
    6 >>>0

    也可以用bool函数将一个数字值转换成一个布尔值。如果值为0,这个函数返回False; 否则,这个函数总是返回True。

    1 实例:
    2 >>>print(bool(0))
    3 >>>False
    4 
    5 >>>print(bool(1))
    6 >>>True

    3、字符串

    a、处理字符串的函数

    1 >>> s = "Welcome"
    2 >>> len(s)
    3 7
    4 >>> max(s)
    5 'o'
    6 >>> min(s)
    7 'W'

    b、下标运算符

     1 >>> s = "Welcome"
     2 >>>for i in range(0, len(s), 2):
     3            print(s[i], end = '')
     4 >>>Wloe
     5 
     6 >>>s = "Welcome"
     7 >>>s[-1]
     8 'e'
     9 >>>s[-2]
    10 'm'

    c、截取运算符

    1 >>> s = "Welcome"
    2 >>> s[1:4]
    3 'elc'
    4 >>> s[ :6]
    5 'Welcom'
    6 >>> s[4: ]
    7 'ome'
    8 >>> s[1:-1]
    9 'elcom'

    d、in和not in 运算符

    1 >>> s = "Welcome"
    2 >>> 'come' in s
    3 True
    4 >>> 'come' not in s
    5 False
    

     e、比较字符串

     1 >>> "green" == "glow"
     2 False
     3 >>> "green" != "glow"
     4 True
     5 >>> "green" > "glow"
     6 True
     7 >>> "green" < "glow"
     8 False
     9 >>> "green" <= "glow"
    10 False

    f、搜索字串

     1 >>> s = "welcome to python"
     2 >>> s.endswith('thon')
     3 True
     4 >>> s.startswith("good")
     5 False
     6 >>> s.find("come")
     7 3
     8 >>> s.find("become")
     9 -1
    10 >>> s.find("o")
    11 4
    12 >>> s.rfind("o")
    13 15
    14 >>> s.count("o")
    15 3

    g、转换字符串

     1 >>> s = "welcome to python"
     2 >>> s1 = s.capitalize()
     3 >>> s1
     4 'Welcome to python'
     5 >>> s2 = s.title()
     6 >>> s2
     7 'Welcome To Python'
     8 >>> s = "New England"
     9 >>> s3 = s.lower()
    10 >>> s3
    11 'new england'
    12 >>> s4 = s.upper()
    13 >>> s4
    14 'NEW ENGLAND'
    15 >>> s5 = s.swapcase()
    16 >>> s5
    17 'nEW eNGLAND'
    18 >>> s6 = s.replace("England", "Haven")
    19 >>> s6
    20 'New Haven'
    21 >>> s
    22 'New England'

    H、删除字符串的空格

     1 >>> s = "   Welcome to Python	"
     2 >>> s1 = s.lstrip()
     3 >>> s1
     4 'Welcome to Python	'
     5 >>> s2 = s.rstrip()
     6 >>> s2
     7 '   Welcome to Python'
     8 >>> s3 = s.strip()
     9 >>> s3
    10 'Welcome to Python'
    

    I、格式化字符串

     1 >>> s = "Welcome"
     2 >>> s1 = s.center(11)
     3 >>> s1
     4 '  Welcome  '
     5 >>> s2 = s.ljust(11)
     6 >>> s2
     7 'Welcome    '
     8 >>> s3 = s.rjust(11)
     9 >>> s3
    10 '    Welcome'

    4、列表

    a、列表使用的函数

    1 >>> list = [2,3,4,1,32]
    2 >>> len(list)
    3 5
    4 >>> max(list)
    5 32
    6 >>> min(list)
    7 1
    8 >>> sum(list)
    9 42

    b、下标运算符

    1 >>> list = [2,3,5,2,33,21]
    2 >>> list[-1]
    3 21
    4 >>> list[-3]
    5 2

    c、列表截取

     1 >>> list = [2,3,5,2,33,21]
     2 >>> list[2:4]
     3 [5, 2]
     4 >>> list[:2]
     5 [2, 3]
     6 >>> list[3:]
     7 [2, 33, 21]
     8 >>> list[1:-3]
     9 [3, 5]
    10 >>> list[-4:-2]
    11 [5, 2]

    d、列表方法

     1 >>> list = [2,3,4,1,32,4]
     2 >>> list.append(19)
     3 >>> list
     4 [2, 3, 4, 1, 32, 4, 19]
     5 >>> list.count(4)
     6 2
     7 >>> list2 = [99,54]
     8 >>> list.extend(list2)
     9 >>> list
    10 [99, 25, 54, 99, 54, 99, 54]
    11 >>> list.insert(1,25)
    12 >>> list
    13 [99, 25, 25, 54, 99, 54, 99, 54]
     1 >>> list1 = [2,25,3,4,1,32,4,1,32,4,19,99,54]
     2 >>> list.pop(2)
     3 25
     4 >>> list1
     5 [2, 25, 4, 1, 32, 4, 1, 32, 4, 19, 99, 54]
     6 >>> list1 = [2,25,3,4,1,32,4,1,32,4,19,99,54]
     7 >>> list.pop(2)
     8 25
     9 >>> list
    10 [99, 25, 54, 99, 54, 99, 54]
    11 >>> list1
    12 [2, 25, 3, 4, 1, 32, 4, 1, 32, 4, 19, 99, 54]
    13 >>>
    14 >>>
    15 >>> list1.pop(2)
    16 3
    17 >>> list1
    18 [2, 25, 4, 1, 32, 4, 1, 32, 4, 19, 99, 54]
    19 >>> list1.pop()
    20 54
    21 >>> list1
    22 [2, 25, 4, 1, 32, 4, 1, 32, 4, 19, 99]
    23 >>> list1.remove(32)
    24 >>> list1
    25 [2, 25, 4, 1, 4, 1, 32, 4, 19, 99]
    26 >>> list1.reverse()
    27 >>> list1
    28 [99, 19, 4, 32, 1, 4, 1, 4, 25, 2]29 >>> list1.sort()
    30 >>> list1
    31 [1, 1, 2, 4, 4, 4, 19, 25, 32, 99]

     e、enumerate遍历列表

     1 使用如下的方式遍历一个列表,但是缺点是无法读取索引index。
     2 >>> a = [3,4,5,2,3,7,8,9]
     3 >>> for i in a:
     4 ...    print i
     5 ...
     6 3
     7 4
     8 5
     9 2
    10 3
    11 7
    12 8
    13 9
    14 
    
    下面两种方法改进,如下举例: 17 >>> for index,item in enumerate(a): 18 ... print index,item 19 ... 20 0 3 21 1 4 22 2 5 23 3 2 24 4 3 25 5 7 26 6 8 27 7 9 28 >>> 29 >>> 30 >>> for i in range(len(a)): 31 ... print i,a[i] 32 ... 33 0 3 34 1 4 35 2 5 36 3 2 37 4 3 38 5 7 39 6 8 40 7 9 41 >>>

    5、元组

    元组跟列表类似,但是元组中的元素是固定的,也就是说,一旦一个元组被创建,就无法对元组中的元素进行添加、删除、替代或重新排序。

    1 >>> tuple1 = ("green", "red", "blue")
    2 >>> print tuple1
    3 ('green', 'red', 'blue')
    4 >>> tuple2 = tuple([7,1,2,23,4,5])
    5 >>> print tuple2
    6 (7, 1, 2, 23, 4, 5)

    6、字典

     字典是一个存储键值对集合的容器对象。它通过使用关键字实现快速、删除和更新值。

     如创建字典语句:

    students =  {”111-34-3434“:"John", "132-56-6290":"Peter"}

    a、添加、删除举例:

    1 >>> students = {"111-34-3434" : "John", "132-56-6290" : "Peter"}
    2 >>> students["234-56-9010"] = "Susan"  #从字典添加条目
    3 >>> students["234-56-9010"]
    4 'Susan'
    5 >>> del students["234-56-9010"]  #从字典删除一个条目

    b、循环条目:

    1 >>>students = {'111-34-3434': 'John Smith', '132-56-6290': 'Peter'}
    2 >>> for key in students:
    3 ...     print(key + ":" + str(students[key]))
    4 ...
    5 111-34-3434:John Smith
    6 132-56-6290:Peter

    c、len函数:

    1 >>>students = {'111-34-3434': 'John Smith', '132-56-6290': 'Peter'}
    2 >>>len(students)
    3 2

    d、检测一个关键字是否在字典中:

    1 >>>students = {'111-34-3434': 'John Smith', '132-56-6290': 'Peter'}
    2 >>> "111-34-3434" in students
    3 True
    4 >>> "998-34-3434" in students
    5 False
    6 >>>

    e、相等性检测:

    1 >>> d1 = {"red":41, "blue":3}
    2 >>> d2 = {"blue":3, "red":41}
    3 >>> d1 == d2
    4 True
    5 >>> d1 != d2
    6 False
    7 >>>

    f、字典方法:

     1 >>> students = {"111-34-3434":"John", "132-56-6290":"Peter"}
     2 >>> tuple(students.keys())
     3 ('111-34-3434', '132-56-6290')
     4 >>> tuple(students.values())
     5 ('John', 'Peter')
     6 >>> tuple(students.items())
     7 (('111-34-3434', 'John'), ('132-56-6290', 'Peter'))
     8 >>> students.get("111-34-3434")
     9 'John'
    10 >>> print(students.get("999-334-3434"))
    11 None
    12 >>> students.pop("111-34-3434")
    13 'John'
    14 >>> students
    15 {'132-56-6290': 'Peter'}
    16 >>> students.clear()
    17 >>> students
    18 {}
    19 >>>
     1 dic = {'k1' : 123,'k2' : 456,'k4' : 111}
     2 n = dic.fromkeys(['k1','k2','k3'],[])
     3 print(n)
     4 n['k1'].append('x')
     5 print(n)
     6 
     7 运行结果如下:
     8 {'k2': [], 'k1': [], 'k3': []}
     9 {'k2': ['x'], 'k1': ['x'], 'k3': ['x']}
    10 
    11 dic = {'k1' : 123,'k2' : 456,'k4' : 111}
    12 n = dic.fromkeys(['k1','k2','k3'],'alex')
    13 print(n)
    14 
    15 运行结果如下:
    16 {'k3': 'alex', 'k1': 'alex', 'k2': 'alex'}
    17 
    18 li = [11,22,44]
    19 new_dict = dict(enumerate(li))
    20 print(new_dict)
    21 
    22 运行结果如下:
    23 {0: 11, 1: 22, 2: 44}
    24 
    25 
    26 li = [11,22,44]
    27 new_dict = dict(enumerate(li,10))
    28 print(new_dict)
    29 
    30 运行结果如下:
    31 {10: 11, 11: 22, 12: 44}
    32 
    33 t = (11,22,['alex',{'k1':"v1"}])
    34 t[2][1]['k2'] = 123
    35 print(t)
    36 
    37 运行结果如下:
    38 (11, 22, ['alex', {'k1': 'v1', 'k2': 123}])
    39 
    40 t = (11,22,['alex',{'k1':"v1"}])
    41 t[2][1].update({'k2':123})
    42 print(t)
    43 
    44 运行结果如下:
    45 (11, 22, ['alex', {'k1': 'v1', 'k2': 123}])
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/yinjia/p/5515964.html
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