0-前言
项目中,文件服务必不可少,常用的有各云服务商的OSS服务(如阿里云OSS,腾讯云OSS,七牛云)、自建(fastDFS、minio);
推荐:如果用云服务的话,阿里云OSS很方便,如果自建的话,minio无疑是首选;
这里我们来简单介绍阿里云OSS的使用,minio我们后面介绍;
1-实现
1-0、开通OSS,并获取到相关配置参数供程序使用
首先开通阿里云OSS,创建bucket、创建AccessKey,几分钟就搞定了,不会的具体百度下;
1-1、添加依赖
<!-- 1、集成阿里云OSS --> <dependency> <groupId>com.aliyun.oss</groupId> <artifactId>aliyun-sdk-oss</artifactId> <version>3.6.0</version> </dependency>
1-2、添加配置
# 阿里云存储参数配置 aliyun: oss: endpoint: oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com accessKeyId: XXX accessKeySecret: xxx bucketName: ansonfile
1-3、添加工具类(里面细节可以自己相应修改完善)
package com.example.oss.utils; import com.aliyun.oss.OSSClient; import com.aliyun.oss.model.ObjectMetadata; import com.aliyun.oss.model.PutObjectResult; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.net.URL; import java.util.*; /** * 描述: 阿里云OSS工具类 * 版权: Copyright (c) 2020 * 公司: XXX * 作者: yanghj * 版本: 4.0 * 创建日期: 2020/9/16 11:38 */ @Component public class OssUtil { //------------------变量---------- protected static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(OssUtil.class); @Value("${aliyun.oss.endpoint}") private String endpoint; @Value("${aliyun.oss.accessKeyId}") private String accessKeyId; @Value("${aliyun.oss.accessKeySecret}") private String accessKeySecret; @Value("${aliyun.oss.bucketName}") private String bucketName; //文件存储目录 private String filedir = "clouFile/"; //-----------------对外功能---------------- /** * 1、单个文件上传 * @param file * @return 返回完整URL地址 */ public String uploadFile(MultipartFile file) { String fileUrl = uploadImg2Oss(file); String str = getFileUrl(fileUrl); return str.trim(); } /** * 1、单个文件上传(指定文件名(带后缀)) * @param file * @return 返回完整URL地址 */ public String uploadFile(MultipartFile file,String fileName) { try { InputStream inputStream = file.getInputStream(); this.uploadFile2OSS(inputStream, fileName); return fileName; } catch (Exception e) { return "上传失败"; } } /** * 2、多文件上传 * @param fileList * @return 返回完整URL,逗号分隔 */ public String uploadFile(List<MultipartFile> fileList) { String fileUrl = ""; String str = ""; String photoUrl = ""; for(int i = 0;i< fileList.size();i++){ fileUrl = uploadImg2Oss(fileList.get(i)); str = getFileUrl(fileUrl); if(i == 0){ photoUrl = str; }else { photoUrl += "," + str; } } return photoUrl.trim(); } /** * 3、通过文件名获取文完整件路径 * @param fileUrl * @return 完整URL路径 */ public String getFileUrl(String fileUrl) { if (fileUrl !=null && fileUrl.length()>0) { String[] split = fileUrl.split("/"); String url = this.getUrl(this.filedir + split[split.length - 1]); return url; } return null; } //-----------内部辅助功能------------------------ //获取去掉参数的完整路径 private String getShortUrl(String url) { String[] imgUrls = url.split("\?"); return imgUrls[0].trim(); } // 获得url链接 private String getUrl(String key) { // 设置URL过期时间为20年 3600l* 1000*24*365*20 Date expiration = new Date(new Date().getTime() + 3600l * 1000 * 24 * 365 * 20); // 生成URL OSSClient ossClient = new OSSClient(endpoint, accessKeyId, accessKeySecret); URL url = ossClient.generatePresignedUrl(bucketName, key, expiration); if (url != null) { return getShortUrl(url.toString()); } return null; } // 上传文件 private String uploadImg2Oss(MultipartFile file) { //1、限制最大文件为20M if (file.getSize() > 1024 * 1024 *20) { return "图片太大"; } //2、重命名文件 // String originalFilename = file.getOriginalFilename(); // String substring = originalFilename.substring(originalFilename.lastIndexOf(".")).toLowerCase(); // Random random = new Random(); // String name = random.nextInt(10000) + System.currentTimeMillis() + substring; String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename(); String suffix = fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf(".")).toLowerCase(); //文件后缀 String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString(); String name = uuid + suffix; try { InputStream inputStream = file.getInputStream(); this.uploadFile2OSS(inputStream, name); return name; } catch (Exception e) { return "上传失败"; } } // 上传文件(指定文件名) private String uploadFile2OSS(InputStream instream, String fileName) { String ret = ""; try { //创建上传Object的Metadata ObjectMetadata objectMetadata = new ObjectMetadata(); objectMetadata.setContentLength(instream.available()); objectMetadata.setCacheControl("no-cache"); objectMetadata.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache"); objectMetadata.setContentType(getcontentType(fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf(".")))); objectMetadata.setContentDisposition("inline;filename=" + fileName); //上传文件 OSSClient ossClient = new OSSClient(endpoint, accessKeyId, accessKeySecret); PutObjectResult putResult = ossClient.putObject(bucketName, filedir + fileName, instream, objectMetadata); ret = putResult.getETag(); } catch (IOException e) { log.error(e.getMessage(), e); } finally { try { if (instream != null) { instream.close(); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } return ret; } private static String getcontentType(String FilenameExtension) { if (FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase(".bmp")) { return "image/bmp"; } if (FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase(".gif")) { return "image/gif"; } if (FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase(".jpeg") || FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase(".jpg") || FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase(".png")) { return "image/jpeg"; } if (FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase(".html")) { return "text/html"; } if (FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase(".txt")) { return "text/plain"; } if (FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase(".vsd")) { return "application/vnd.visio"; } if (FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase(".pptx") || FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase(".ppt")) { return "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint"; } if (FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase(".docx") || FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase(".doc")) { return "application/msword"; } if (FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase(".xml")) { return "text/xml"; } //PDF if (FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase(".pdf")) { return "application/pdf"; } return "image/jpeg"; } }
1-4、调用
controller:
/** * 描述: OSS controller * 版权: Copyright (c) 2020 * 公司: XXX * 作者: yanghj * 版本: 4.0 * 创建日期: 2020/9/16 10:33 */ @RestController @RequestMapping("oss") @Api(value = "OSS",tags = "OSS上传接口") public class OssController { @Autowired private OssUtil ossUtil; //1、注入OssUtil @PostMapping("/uploadfile") @ApiOperation(value = "上传", notes = "上传") public Object fileUpload(@RequestParam MultipartFile file) { try { String url = ossUtil.uploadFile(file); //2、调用 Map<String, Object> returnbody = new HashMap<>(); Map<String, Object> returnMap = new HashMap<>(); returnMap.put("url", url); returnbody.put("data",returnMap); returnbody.put("code","200"); returnbody.put("message","上传成功"); return returnbody; } catch (Exception e) { Map<String, Object> returnbody = new HashMap<>(); returnbody.put("data",null); returnbody.put("code","400"); returnbody.put("message","上传失败"); return returnbody; } } }
运行结果:
运行,可用阿里云提供的 OSS Browser直接看到结果;
2、总结
阿里云OSS使用简单方便,官方提供的OSS Browser工具也很方便,按流量计费,费用也还不算贵,如果数据量也不是那么大,费用可接受,采用它无疑是最方便的;当然,如果不想付费使用,用minio自建文件服务也是很方便的,这个我们后面来说;