简单写一个类做示例:
package bean; public class User { private String name; private Integer age; public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Integer getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(Integer age) { this.age = age; } }
Bean元素:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd "> <!-- 将User对象交给spring容器管理 --> <!-- Bean元素:使用该元素描述需要spring容器管理的对象 class属性:被管理对象的完整类名. name属性:给被管理的对象起个名字.获得对象时根据该名称获得对象. 可以重复.可以使用特殊字符. id属性: 与name属性一模一样. 名称不可重复.不能使用特殊字符. 结论: 尽量使用name属性. --> <bean name="user" class="bean.User" ></bean> <!-- 导入其他spring配置文件 --> <import resource="package/applicationContext.xml"/> </beans>
对象创建的三种方式:
1.空参构造创建(推荐):
<bean name="user" class="bean.User" ></bean>
2.静态工厂方式创建:
package create; import bean.User; public class UserFactory { public static User createUser(){ System.out.println("静态工厂创建User"); return new User(); } }
<!-- 创建方式2:静态工厂创建 调用UserFactory的createUser方法创建名为user2的对象.放入容器 --> <bean name="user2" class="create.UserFactory" factory-method="createUser" > </bean>
3.实例工厂方式创建:
package create; import bean.User; public class UserFactory { public User createUser2(){ System.out.println("实例工厂创建User"); return new User(); } }
<!-- 创建方式3:实例工厂创建 调用UserFactory对象的createUser2方法创建名为user3的对象.放入容器 --> <bean name="user3" factory-bean="userFactory" factory-method="createUser2" ></bean> <bean name="userFactory" class="create.UserFactory" ></bean>
Bean元素的Scope属性:
scope:singleton 单例(默认):被标识为单例的对象在Spring容器中只会创建一个实例
scope:prototype 多例:被标识为多例的每次创建都会是一个新的对象
验证单例和多例:
@Test //scope:singleton 单例 //scope:prototype 多例 public void fun4(){ //1 创建容器对象 ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("create/applicationContext.xml"); //2 向容器"要"user对象 User u1 = (User) ac.getBean("user"); User u2 = (User) ac.getBean("user"); User u3 = (User) ac.getBean("user"); User u4 = (User) ac.getBean("user"); System.out.println(u2==u4);//单例:true //多例:false //3 打印user对象 System.out.println(u); }
使用场景:基本都是使用默认单例
但是,整合Struts2框架的时候,Action要配成多例,因为Struts2框架每次请求都会创建一个新的Action对象
生命周期属性(初始化,销毁):
添加方法:
package bean; public class User { private String name; private Integer age; public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Integer getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(Integer age) { this.age = age; } public void init(){ System.out.println("初始化方法!"); } public void destory(){ System.out.println("销毁方法!"); } }
配置文件:
<bean name="user" class="bean.User" init-method="init" destroy-method="destory" ></bean>
测试:
@Test //测试生命周期方法 public void fun5(){ //1 创建容器对象 ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("create/applicationContext.xml"); //2 向容器"要"user对象 User u = (User) ac.getBean("user"); //3 打印user对象 System.out.println(u); //关闭容器,触发销毁方法 ac.close(); }
Spring属性注入:
1.set方法注入(推荐):
再创建一个实体类做示例:
package bean; public class Car { private String name; private String color; public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getColor() { return color; } public void setColor(String color) { this.color = color; } @Override public String toString() { return "Car [name=" + name + ", color=" + color + "]"; } }
修改User类:
package bean; public class User { private String name; private Integer age; private Car car; public Car getCar() { return car; } public void setCar(Car car) { this.car = car; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Integer getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(Integer age) { this.age = age; } public void init(){ System.out.println("我是初始化方法!"); } public void destory(){ System.out.println("我是销毁方法!"); } @Override public String toString() { return "User [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", car=" + car + "]"; } }
配置文件:
<!-- set方式注入: --> <bean name="user" class="bean.User"> <!--值类型注入: 为User对象中名为name的属性注入tom作为值 --> <property name="name" value="tom"></property> <property name="age" value="18"></property> <!-- 引用类型注入: 为car属性注入下方配置的car对象 --> <property name="car" ref="car"></property> </bean> <!-- 将car对象配置到容器中 --> <bean name="car" class="bean.Car"> <property name="name" value="兰博基尼"></property> <property name="color" value="黄色"></property> </bean>
测试:
@Test public void fun1(){ //1 创建容器对象 ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("injection/applicationContext.xml"); //2 向容器"要"user对象 User u = (User) ac.getBean("user"); //3 打印user对象 System.out.println(u); }
构造函数注入:
给User加上构造方法:
package bean; public class User { private String name; private Integer age; private Car car; public User(String name, Car car) { System.out.println("User(String name, Car car)!!"); this.name = name; this.car = car; } public User(Car car,String name) { System.out.println("User(Car car,String name)!!"); this.name = name; this.car = car; } public User(Integer name, Car car) { System.out.println("User(Integer name, Car car)!!"); this.name = name+""; this.car = car; } public Car getCar() { return car; } public void setCar(Car car) { this.car = car; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Integer getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(Integer age) { this.age = age; } public void init(){ System.out.println("我是初始化方法!"); } public void destory(){ System.out.println("我是销毁方法!"); } @Override public String toString() { return "User [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", car=" + car + "]"; } }
配置文件:
<bean name="user2" class="bean.User"> <!-- name属性: 构造函数的参数名 --> <!-- index属性: 构造函数的参数索引 --> <!-- type属性: 构造函数的参数类型 --> <constructor-arg name="name" index="0" type="java.lang.Integer" value="66"></constructor-arg> <constructor-arg name="car" ref="car" index="1"></constructor-arg> </bean>
复杂类型注入:
package injection; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Properties; public class CollectionBean { private Object[] arr;//数组类型注入 private List list;//list/set 类型注入 private Map map;//map类型注入 private Properties prop;//properties类型注入 public Object[] getArr() { return arr; } public void setArr(Object[] arr) { this.arr = arr; } public List getList() { return list; } public void setList(List list) { this.list = list; } public Map getMap() { return map; } public void setMap(Map map) { this.map = map; } public Properties getProp() { return prop; } public void setProp(Properties prop) { this.prop = prop; } @Override public String toString() { return "CollectionBean [arr=" + Arrays.toString(arr) + ", list=" + list + ", map=" + map + ", prop=" + prop + "]"; } }
配置文化:
<!-- 复杂类型注入 --> <bean name="cb" class="injection.CollectionBean"> <!-- 如果数组中只准备注入一个值(对象),直接使用value|ref即可 <property name="arr" value="tom"></property> --> <!-- array注入,多个元素注入 --> <property name="arr"> <array> <value>tom</value> <value>jerry</value> <ref bean="user" /> </array> </property> <property name="list"> <list> <value>jack</value> <value>rose</value> <ref bean="user" /> </list> </property> <!-- map类型注入 --> <property name="map"> <map> <entry key="url" value="jdbc:mysql:///mybase"></entry> <entry key="user" value-ref="root"></entry> <entry key-ref="user" value-ref="user1"></entry> </map> </property> <!-- prperties 类型注入 --> <property name="prop"> <props> <prop key="driverClass">com.jdbc.mysql.Driver</prop> <prop key="userName">root</prop> <prop key="password">1234</prop> </props> </property> </bean>