• spring框架学习笔记2:配置详解


    简单写一个类做示例:

    package bean;
    
    public class User {
        private String name;
        private Integer age;
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
        public Integer getAge() {
            return age;
        }
        public void setAge(Integer age) {
            this.age = age;
        }
    }
    View Code

    Bean元素:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd ">
    
    
        <!-- 将User对象交给spring容器管理 -->
        <!-- Bean元素:使用该元素描述需要spring容器管理的对象
                class属性:被管理对象的完整类名.
                name属性:给被管理的对象起个名字.获得对象时根据该名称获得对象.  
                        可以重复.可以使用特殊字符.
                id属性: 与name属性一模一样. 
                       名称不可重复.不能使用特殊字符.
                结论: 尽量使用name属性.
          -->
        <bean  name="user" class="bean.User" ></bean>
        <!-- 导入其他spring配置文件 -->
        <import resource="package/applicationContext.xml"/>
        
    </beans>

    对象创建的三种方式:

    1.空参构造创建(推荐):

        <bean  name="user" class="bean.User" ></bean>

    2.静态工厂方式创建:

    package create;
    
    import bean.User;
    
    public class UserFactory {
    
        public static User createUser(){
            
            System.out.println("静态工厂创建User");
            
            return new User();
            
        }
    }
        <!-- 创建方式2:静态工厂创建 
              调用UserFactory的createUser方法创建名为user2的对象.放入容器
         -->
        <bean  name="user2" 
            class="create.UserFactory" 
            factory-method="createUser" >
        </bean>

    3.实例工厂方式创建:

    package create;
    
    import bean.User;
    
    public class UserFactory {
        
        public User createUser2(){
            
            System.out.println("实例工厂创建User");
            
            return new User();
            
        }
        
    }
        <!-- 创建方式3:实例工厂创建 
             调用UserFactory对象的createUser2方法创建名为user3的对象.放入容器
         -->
        <bean  name="user3" 
            factory-bean="userFactory"
            factory-method="createUser2" ></bean>
            
        <bean  name="userFactory" 
            class="create.UserFactory"   ></bean>

    Bean元素的Scope属性:

    scope:singleton 单例(默认):被标识为单例的对象在Spring容器中只会创建一个实例
    scope:prototype 多例:被标识为多例的每次创建都会是一个新的对象

    验证单例和多例:

                    @Test
                    //scope:singleton 单例
                    //scope:prototype 多例
                    public void fun4(){
                        //1 创建容器对象
                        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("create/applicationContext.xml");
                        //2 向容器"要"user对象
                        User u1 = (User) ac.getBean("user");
                        User u2 = (User) ac.getBean("user");
                        User u3 = (User) ac.getBean("user");
                        User u4 = (User) ac.getBean("user");
                        
                        System.out.println(u2==u4);//单例:true
                                                   //多例:false
                        //3 打印user对象
                        System.out.println(u);
                    }

    使用场景:基本都是使用默认单例

    但是,整合Struts2框架的时候,Action要配成多例,因为Struts2框架每次请求都会创建一个新的Action对象

    生命周期属性(初始化,销毁):

    添加方法:

    package bean;
    
    public class User {
        
        private String name;
        private Integer age;
            
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
        public Integer getAge() {
            return age;
        }
        public void setAge(Integer age) {
            this.age = age;
        }
        
        public void init(){
            System.out.println("初始化方法!");
        }
        public void destory(){
            System.out.println("销毁方法!");
        }
        
    }
    View Code

    配置文件:

        <bean  name="user" class="bean.User"
             init-method="init" destroy-method="destory" ></bean>

    测试:

                    @Test
                    //测试生命周期方法
                    public void fun5(){
                        //1 创建容器对象
                        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("create/applicationContext.xml");
                        //2 向容器"要"user对象
                        User u = (User) ac.getBean("user");
                        //3 打印user对象
                        System.out.println(u);
                        //关闭容器,触发销毁方法
                        ac.close();
                    }

    Spring属性注入:

    1.set方法注入(推荐):

    再创建一个实体类做示例:

    package bean;
    
    public class Car {
        private String  name;
        private String color;
        
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
        public String getColor() {
            return color;
        }
        public void setColor(String color) {
            this.color = color;
        }
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Car [name=" + name + ", color=" + color + "]";
        }
        
        
    }
    View Code

    修改User类:

    package bean;
    
    public class User {
        
        private String name;
        private Integer age;
        private Car car;
        
        public Car getCar() {
            return car;
        }
        public void setCar(Car car) {
            this.car = car;
        }
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
        public Integer getAge() {
            return age;
        }
        public void setAge(Integer age) {
            this.age = age;
        }
        
        public void init(){
            System.out.println("我是初始化方法!");
        }
        public void destory(){
            System.out.println("我是销毁方法!");
        }
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "User [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", car=" + car + "]";
        }
        
    }
    View Code

    配置文件:

        <!-- set方式注入: -->
        <bean name="user" class="bean.User">
            <!--值类型注入: 为User对象中名为name的属性注入tom作为值 -->
            <property name="name" value="tom"></property>
            <property name="age" value="18"></property>
            <!-- 引用类型注入: 为car属性注入下方配置的car对象 -->
            <property name="car" ref="car"></property>
        </bean>
        <!-- 将car对象配置到容器中 -->
        <bean name="car" class="bean.Car">
            <property name="name" value="兰博基尼"></property>
            <property name="color" value="黄色"></property>
        </bean>

    测试:

        @Test
        public void fun1(){
            //1 创建容器对象
            ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("injection/applicationContext.xml");
            //2 向容器"要"user对象
            User u = (User) ac.getBean("user");
            //3 打印user对象
            System.out.println(u);
        }

    构造函数注入:

    给User加上构造方法:

    package bean;
    
    public class User {
        
        private String name;
        private Integer age;
        private Car car;
        
        
        
        public User(String name, Car car) {
            System.out.println("User(String name, Car car)!!");
            this.name = name;
            this.car = car;
        }
        
        public User(Car car,String name) {
            System.out.println("User(Car car,String name)!!");
            this.name = name;
            this.car = car;
        }
        
        public User(Integer name, Car car) {
            System.out.println("User(Integer name, Car car)!!");
            this.name = name+"";
            this.car = car;
        }
        
        public Car getCar() {
            return car;
        }
        public void setCar(Car car) {
            this.car = car;
        }
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
        public Integer getAge() {
            return age;
        }
        public void setAge(Integer age) {
            this.age = age;
        }
        
        public void init(){
            System.out.println("我是初始化方法!");
        }
        public void destory(){
            System.out.println("我是销毁方法!");
        }
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "User [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", car=" + car + "]";
        }
        
    }
    View Code

    配置文件:

        <bean name="user2" class="bean.User">
            <!-- name属性: 构造函数的参数名 -->
            <!-- index属性: 构造函数的参数索引 -->
            <!-- type属性: 构造函数的参数类型 -->
            <constructor-arg name="name" index="0" type="java.lang.Integer" value="66"></constructor-arg>
            <constructor-arg name="car" ref="car" index="1"></constructor-arg>
        </bean>

    复杂类型注入:

    package injection;
    
    import java.util.Arrays;
    import java.util.List;
    import java.util.Map;
    import java.util.Properties;
    
    public class CollectionBean {
        private Object[] arr;//数组类型注入
        private List list;//list/set 类型注入
        private Map map;//map类型注入
        private Properties prop;//properties类型注入
        
        public Object[] getArr() {
            return arr;
        }
        public void setArr(Object[] arr) {
            this.arr = arr;
        }
        public List getList() {
            return list;
        }
        public void setList(List list) {
            this.list = list;
        }
        public Map getMap() {
            return map;
        }
        public void setMap(Map map) {
            this.map = map;
        }
        public Properties getProp() {
            return prop;
        }
        public void setProp(Properties prop) {
            this.prop = prop;
        }
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "CollectionBean [arr=" + Arrays.toString(arr) + ", list=" + list + ", map=" + map + ", prop=" + prop
                    + "]";
        }
        
        
    }
    View Code

    配置文化:

        <!-- 复杂类型注入 -->
        <bean name="cb" class="injection.CollectionBean">
            <!-- 如果数组中只准备注入一个值(对象),直接使用value|ref即可 <property name="arr" value="tom"></property> -->
            <!-- array注入,多个元素注入 -->
            <property name="arr">
                <array>
                    <value>tom</value>
                    <value>jerry</value>
                    <ref bean="user" />
                </array>
            </property>
    
            <property name="list">
                <list>
                    <value>jack</value>
                    <value>rose</value>
                    <ref bean="user" />
                </list>
            </property>
            <!-- map类型注入 -->
            <property name="map">
                <map>
                    <entry key="url" value="jdbc:mysql:///mybase"></entry>
                    <entry key="user" value-ref="root"></entry>
                    <entry key-ref="user" value-ref="user1"></entry>
                </map>
            </property>
            <!-- prperties 类型注入 -->
            <property name="prop">
                <props>
                    <prop key="driverClass">com.jdbc.mysql.Driver</prop>
                    <prop key="userName">root</prop>
                    <prop key="password">1234</prop>
                </props>
            </property>
        </bean>
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xuyiqing/p/8462286.html
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