- 安装命令
wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
yum install mysql-community-server
- 配置mysql
service mysqld restart
mysql -u root
mysql> set password for 'root'@'localhost' =password('vm_52.102');
[root@localhost liuhui]# service mysqld restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart mysqld.service
[root@localhost liuhui]# mysql -u root
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.34 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> set password for 'root'@'localhost' =password('password');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
正常进程
[root@localhost liuhui]# ps aux|grep mysqld
mysql 59735 0.0 0.0 113124 1580 ? Ss 16:18 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe
mysql 59900 0.1 6.3 698924 118004 ? Sl 16:18 0:00 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
===============================================
【安装过程中的错误】
1、软件包依赖 mariadb组件
错误：软件包：akonadi-mysql-1.9.2-4.el7.x86_64 (@anaconda)
需要：mariadb-server
正在删除: 1:mariadb-server-5.5.44-2.el7.centos.x86_64 (@anaconda)
mariadb-server = 1:5.5.44-2.el7.centos
取代，由: mysql-community-server-5.6.34-2.el7.x86_64 (mysql56-community)
未找到
更新，由: 1:mariadb-server-5.5.50-1.el7_2.x86_64 (updates)
mariadb-server = 1:5.5.50-1.el7_2
可用: 1:mariadb-server-5.5.47-1.el7_2.x86_64 (updates)
mariadb-server = 1:5.5.47-1.el7_2
您可以尝试添加 --skip-broken 选项来解决该问题
您可以尝试执行：rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest
解决：移除对 mariadb-libs的依赖
yum -y remove mariadb-libs
2、在阿里云机器上遇到 libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.17)依赖问题
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Error: Package: mysql-community-client-5.6.35-2.el7.x86_64 (mysql56-community) Requires: libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.17)(64bit)Error: Package: mysql-community-libs-5.6.35-2.el7.x86_64 (mysql56-community) Requires: libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.17)(64bit)Error: Package: 2:postfix-2.6.6-6.el6_7.1.x86_64 (base) Requires: libmysqlclient.so.16(libmysqlclient_16)(64bit) Removing: mysql-libs-5.1.73-3.el6_5.x86_64 (@updates) libmysqlclient.so.16(libmysqlclient_16)(64bit) Obsoleted By: mysql-community-libs-5.6.35-2.el7.x86_64 (mysql56-community) Not found Updated By: mysql-libs-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64 (updates) libmysqlclient.so.16(libmysqlclient_16)(64bit) Available: mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64 (base) libmysqlclient.so.16(libmysqlclient_16)(64bit)Error: Package: mysql-community-server-5.6.35-2.el7.x86_64 (mysql56-community) Requires: libstdc++.so.6(GLIBCXX_3.4.15)(64bit)Error: Package: 2:postfix-2.6.6-6.el6_7.1.x86_64 (base) Requires: libmysqlclient.so.16()(64bit) Removing: mysql-libs-5.1.73-3.el6_5.x86_64 (@updates) libmysqlclient.so.16()(64bit) Obsoleted By: mysql-community-libs-5.6.35-2.el7.x86_64 (mysql56-community) Not found Updated By: mysql-libs-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64 (updates) libmysqlclient.so.16()(64bit) Available: mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64 (base) libmysqlclient.so.16()(64bit)Error: Package: mysql-community-server-5.6.35-2.el7.x86_64 (mysql56-community) Requires: libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.17)(64bit)Error: Package: mysql-community-server-5.6.35-2.el7.x86_64 (mysql56-community) Requires: systemd You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem You could try running: rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest |
【mysql的启动和停止】
# 1） 启动 ---官方推荐使用 mysqld_safe 进程启动，遇到mysqld进程停止，mysqld_safe自动重新启动
nohup /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe &
#2） 停止 使用 shutdown停止mysql
mysqladmin -uroot -p shutdown;
===============================================
【mysql启动错误】
检查mysql的错误日志发现 是配置文件问题
cat /var/log/mysqld.log |grep ERROR
2016-12-05 16:08:12 57836 [ERROR] /usr/sbin/mysqld: unknown variable 'default-character-set=utf8'
2016-12-05 16:08:12 57836 [ERROR] Aborting
vim /etc/my.cnf
#default-character-set=utf8
character_set_server=utf8
把字符集编码的设置 更改一下，default 改为character_set
===============================================
【mysql运维演练】
1、修改mysql的默认数据库路径，转移到指定目录~/mysql_data下
【command list】
（1）停服务 copy文件
mysqladmin -uroot -p shutdown;
cd /var/lib
cp -a -r /var/lib/mysql /home/mysql_data/
chown mysql:mysql /home/mysql_data/mysql
chmod 4777 /home/mysql_data/mysql/mysql.sock
chmod a+x /home/mysql_data/
chmod mysql:mysql a+x /home/mysql_data/
# 启动mysql
/bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe
（2）修改3个配置
cp /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnfbak
cp /usr/bin/mysqld_safe /usr/bin/mysqld_safebak
vim /etc/my.cnf
datadir=/home/mysql_data/mysql
socket=/home/mysql_data/mysql/mysql.sock
vim /usr/bin/mysqld_safe
datadir=/home/mysql_data/mysql
（3）建立链接
ln -s /home/mysql_data/mysql/mysql.sock /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
再启动mysql
/bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe
2、部分配置参数的意义整理
interactive_timeout=300 #服务器关闭交互式连接前等待活动的秒数，单位秒，默认8小时，28800秒。避免闲置连接过多。
wait_timeout=300 #服务器关闭非交互连接之前等待活动的秒数与iteractive_timeout一起设置客户端超时时间。
#只有 wait_timeout 会真正起到超时限制的作用
interactive_timeout和wait_timeout在连接空闲阶段（sleep）起作用
max_allowed_packet=16M #消息缓冲区包的最大大小
net_read_timeout=180 #在终止读之前，从一个连接获得数据而等待的时间秒数；
当服务正在从客户端读取数据时，net_read_timeout控制何时超时
net_write_timeout=180 # 在终止写之前，等待多少秒把block写到连接；
当服务正在写数据到客户端时，net_write_timeout控制何时超时
net_read_timeout和net_write_timeout：则是在连接繁忙阶段（query）起作用
max_connect_errors=10000 #主机在连接被中断（网络，或者程序意外中断）等，都会增加 connect_errors的计数值，
当超过了阈值就只能被 blocked，如果连接成功，计数值又会被初始为0；如果出现错误，还是老老实实的 flush hosts吧
max_connections=1000 #mysql 最大连接数
connect_timeout=20 # 在获取连接阶段（authenticate）起作用
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 256M # 批量insert脚本大小设置，有 blob大字段要设置大一些，
2、查询结果导出到文件
1) 直接命令行执行
mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -uroot -p -Ne "use test; select * from test limit 100;" > /tmp/outdata.txt
2) 命令行调用sql文件执行
vim run_out.sql
use test; select * from test limit 100;
mysql -uroot -p -N < run_out.sql > /tmp/outdata.txt
3、mysql 数据导入
#【source 和 load data infile 命令，进入mysql】
mysql > use test
mysql > set names utf8
mysql > source /home/mysql_data/test.sql;
#load data ，注意 local参数。 以下生成测试数据 并导入测试表
python -c "for i in range(1,1+1000000): print(i)">100w.txt
mysql > create table tmp_series(id int,primary key(id));
mysql > load data local infile '/home/test/100w.txt' replace into table tmp_series;
--------------------------------
[不加local参数，报错]
ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the --secure-file-priv option so it cannot execute this statement
4、Innodb 和 myisam 存储引擎的差异
Innodb 需要事务处理或是外键，update更快些，严格保持数据一致性时更适合；
select count from tables， innodb实时去扫描表计数，慢
auto_increment自动增长计数器仅被存储在主内存中，而不是存在磁盘上
MyISAM 需要全文索引，大批的inserts 语句在MyISAM下会快一些，count更快，快速写入数据场景更适合；
3个构成文件，.frm文件存储表定义，.MYD 数据文件，.MYI 索引文件
select count from tables， myisam直接读系统结果表，很快
更好和更快的auto_increment处理；
5、数据库表的一些修复方法
# shell 命令行下执行
mysqlcheck -uroot -p database test table -c test
# myisamchk修复myisam存储引擎的错误表，对innodb无效，必须在mysql服务停止后进行，-O参数设置各项参数内存大小；
myisamchk -r tablename
myisamchk –safe-recover tbl_name
myisamchk -O sort=16M -O key=16M -O read=1M -O write=1M ...
# innnodb的表修复，可通过修改表存储引擎 导数据，再修改回来等方式
具体参考
【Innodb 表修复】http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujinyi/archive/2013/05/10/3070667.html
【master-slave主从复制】
【配置数据库的主从复制，此方案是 服务器对服务器，所有库的任何变更都会同步到从库上，新建库，新建任何表等】
主从服务需要确保mysql版本一致；log-bin设成二进制日志；server-id主从分别设成唯一值，
#vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
log-bin=mysql-bin //[必须]启用二进制日志
server-id=222 //[必须]服务器唯一ID，默认是1，一般取IP最后一段，主服务器，
server-id=223 //从服务器
分别重启两个mysql server。
【master服务器】
mysql > GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* to 'mysync'@'%' identified by 'q123456';
mysql > show master status
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 320 | | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
【slave库】
mysql > change master to master_host='192.168.52.101',master_user='mysync',master_password='q123456',
master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',master_log_pos=320;
【slave库查看主从复制状态】
mysql> show slave statusG
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.52.101
Master_User: mysync
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 961
Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 924
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 961
Relay_Log_Space: 1098
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 222
Master_UUID: 6be51420-bb89-11e6-99c1-000c29d16f0c
Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
【参考资料馆】
监控mysql主从复制状态的shell脚本 http://blog.formyz.org/?paged=6
centos6.5下安装mysql http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-01/111413.htm
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