• 19.BUG分支


    软件开发中,bug就像家常便饭一样。有了bug就需要修复,在Git中,由于分支是如此的强大,所以,每个bug都可以通过一个新的临时分支来修复,修复后,合并分支,然后将临时分支删除。

    当你接到一个修复一个代号101的bug的任务时,很自然地,你想创建一个分支issue-101来修复它,但是,等等,当前正在dev上进行的工作还没有提交:

    $ git status
    On branch dev
    Changes to be committed:
      (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
    
        new file:   hello.py
    
    Changes not staged for commit:
      (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
      (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
    
        modified:   readme.txt
    

    并不是你不想提交,而是工作只进行到一半,还没法提交,预计完成还需1天时间。但是,必须在两个小时内修复该bug,怎么办?

    幸好,Git还提供了一个stash功能,可以把当前工作现场“储藏”起来,等以后恢复现场后继续工作:

    $ git stash
    Saved working directory and index state WIP on dev: f52c633 add merge
    

    现在,用git status查看工作区,就是干净的(除非有没有被Git管理的文件),因此可以放心地创建分支来修复bug。

    首先确定要在哪个分支上修复bug,假定需要在master分支上修复,就从master创建临时分支:

    $ git checkout master
    Switched to branch 'master'
    Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 6 commits.
      (use "git push" to publish your local commits)
    
    $ git checkout -b issue-101
    Switched to a new branch 'issue-101'
    

    现在修复bug,需要把“Git is free software ...”改为“Git is a free software ...”,然后提交:

    $ git add readme.txt 
    $ git commit -m "fix bug 101"
    [issue-101 4c805e2] fix bug 101
     1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
    

    修复完成后,切换到master分支,并完成合并,最后删除issue-101分支:

    $ git checkout master
    Switched to branch 'master'
    Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 6 commits.
      (use "git push" to publish your local commits)
    
    $ git merge --no-ff -m "merged bug fix 101" issue-101
    Merge made by the 'recursive' strategy.
     readme.txt | 2 +-
     1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
    

    太棒了,原计划两个小时的bug修复只花了5分钟!现在,是时候接着回到dev分支干活了!

    $ git checkout dev
    Switched to branch 'dev'
    
    $ git status
    On branch dev
    nothing to commit, working tree clean
    

    工作区是干净的,刚才的工作现场存到哪去了?用git stash list命令看看:

    $ git stash list
    stash@{0}: WIP on dev: f52c633 add merge
    

    工作现场还在,Git把stash内容存在某个地方了,但是需要恢复一下,有两个办法:

    一是用git stash apply恢复,但是恢复后,stash内容并不删除,你需要用git stash drop来删除;

    另一种方式是用git stash pop,恢复的同时把stash内容也删了:

    $ git stash pop
    On branch dev
    Changes to be committed:
      (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
    
        new file:   hello.py
    
    Changes not staged for commit:
      (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
      (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
    
        modified:   readme.txt
    
    Dropped refs/stash@{0} (5d677e2ee266f39ea296182fb2354265b91b3b2a)
    

    再用git stash list查看,就看不到任何stash内容了:

    $ git stash list
    

    你可以多次stash,恢复的时候,先用git stash list查看,然后恢复指定的stash,用命令:

    $ git stash apply stash@{0}

    小结

    修复bug时,我们会通过创建新的bug分支进行修复,然后合并,最后删除;

    当手头工作没有完成时,先把工作现场git stash一下,然后去修复bug,修复后,再git stash pop,回到工作现场





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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xuxaut-558/p/10049524.html
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