• 201771010112罗松《面向对象程序设计(java)》第九周学习总结


    第一部分:理论知识部分

    1、实验目的与要求

    (1) 掌握java异常处理技术;

    (2) 了解断言的用法;

    (3) 了解日志的用途;

    (4) 掌握程序基础调试技巧;

    1.什么是异常?Java的异常处理机制可以控制程序从错误产生的 位置转移到能够进行错误处理的位置。程序中出现的常见的错误和问题有:用户输入错误 ;设备错误 ;物理限制 ;代码错误。

    2.异常分为哪几类?通常分为非致命异常和致命异常两类。非致命异常:通过某种修正后程序还能继续执行。 这类错误叫作异常。如:文件不存在、无效的数组 下标、空引用、网络断开等。 Java中提供了一种独特的处理异常的机制,通过异常来处理程序设计中出现的错误。

    另一种是致命异常:程序遇到了非常严重的不正常状态,不 能简单恢复执行,是致命性错误。如:内存耗尽、 系统内部错误等。这种错误程序本身无法解决。除此之外Java中的异常类可分为两大类:

    一类是Error Error类层次结构描述了Java运行时系统的内部错误 和资源耗尽错误。应用程序不应该捕获这类异常,也 不会抛出这种异常。另一类是Exception Exception类:重点掌握的异常类。Exception层次结 构又分解为两个分支:一个分支派生于 RuntimeException;另一个分支包含其他异常。

    第二部分:实验部分 

    2、实验内容和步骤

    实验1:用命令行与IDE两种环境下编辑调试运行源程序ExceptionDemo1、ExceptionDemo2,结合程序运行结果理解程序,掌握未检查异常和已检查异常的区别。

    //异常示例1
    
    public class ExceptionDemo1 {
    
    public static void main(String args[]) {
    
    int a = 0;
    
    System.out.println(5 / a);
    
    }
    
    }
    //异常示例2
    
    import java.io.*;
    
     
    
    public class ExceptionDemo2 {
    
    public static void main(String args[])
    
         {
    
              FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream("text.txt");//JVM自动生成异常对象
    
              int b;
    
              while((b=fis.read())!=-1)
    
              {
    
                  System.out.print(b);
    
              }
    
              fis.close();
    
          }
    
    }

    分析错误原因后,进行更改后的代码:

    package 实验9;
    
    //异常示例1
    public class ExceptionDemo1 {
        public static void main(String args[]) {
            int a=0;
            if(a==0) {
                System.out.println("除数等于零!");
            }
            else {
                System.out.println(5 / a);
    
            }
        }
    }
    package 实验9;
    
    //异常示例2
    import java.io.*;
    
    public class ExceptionDemo2 {
        public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception 
       {
            FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream("text.txt");//JVM自动生成异常对象
            int b;
            while((b=fis.read())!=-1)
            {
                System.out.print(b);
            }
            fis.close();
        }
    }

    实验2 导入以下示例程序,测试程序并进行代码注释。

    测试程序1:

    l 在elipse IDE中编辑、编译、调试运行教材281页7-1,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

    l 在程序中相关代码处添加新知识的注释;

    l 掌握Throwable类的堆栈跟踪方法;

    教材281页7-1代码如下:

    package stackTrace;
    
    import java.util.*;
    
    /**
     * A program that displays a trace feature of a recursive method call.
     * @version 1.01 2004-05-10
     * @author Cay Horstmann
     */
    public class StackTraceTest
    {
       /**
        * Computes the factorial of a number
        * @param n a non-negative integer
        * @return n! = 1 * 2 * . . . * n
        */
       public static int factorial(int n)
       {
          System.out.println("factorial(" + n + "):");
          Throwable t = new Throwable();//调用Throwable类的getStackTrace方法,得到StackTraceElement对象的一个数组
          StackTraceElement[] frames = t.getStackTrace();
          for (StackTraceElement f : frames)
             System.out.println(f);
          int r;
          if (n <= 1) r = 1;
          else r = n * factorial(n - 1);
          System.out.println("return " + r);
          return r;
       }
    
       public static void main(String[] args)
       {
          Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
          System.out.print("Enter n: ");
          int n = in.nextInt();
          factorial(n);
       }
    }

    结果如下:

    测试程序2:

    l Java语言的异常处理有积极处理方法和消极处理两种方式;

    l 下列两个简答程序范例给出了两种异常处理的代码格式。在elipse IDE中编辑、调试运行源程序ExceptionalTest.java,将程序中的text文件更换为身份证号.txt,要求将文件内容读入内容,并在控制台显示;

    l 掌握两种异常处理技术的特点。

    //积极处理方式  
    
    import java.io.*;
    
     
    
    class ExceptionTest {
    
    public static void main (string args[])
    
       {
    
           try{
    
           FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream("text.txt");
    
           }
    
           catch(FileNotFoundExcption e)
    
         {   ……  }
    
    ……
    
        }
    
    }
    //消极处理方式
    
     
    
    import java.io.*;
    
    class ExceptionTest {
    
    public static void main (string args[]) throws  FileNotFoundExcption
    
         {
    
          FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream("text.txt");
    
         }
    
    }

    读入内容后:

    package 实验9;
    
    //积极处理方式  
    import java.io.*;
    import java.io.BufferedReader;
    import java.io.FileReader;
    
    class ExceptionTest {
        public static void main (String args[])
     {
            File fis=new File("身份证号.txt");
         try{
             
    
             FileReader fr = new FileReader(fis);
             BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(fr);
             try {
                 String s, s2 = new String();
                 while ((s = br.readLine()) != null) {
                     s2 += s + "
     ";
                 }
                 br.close();
                 System.out.println(s2);
             } catch (IOException e) {
                 // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                 e.printStackTrace();
             }
         } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
             // TODO Auto-generated catch block
             e.printStackTrace();
         }
    
      }
    }
    package 实验9;
    
    //消极处理方式
    
    import java.io.*;
    class ExceptionTest {
        public static void main (String args[]) throws  IOException
           {
            File fis=new File("身份证号.txt");
            FileReader fr = new FileReader(fis);
            BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(fr);
            String s, s2 = new String();
    
                while ((s = br.readLine()) != null) {
                    s2 += s + "
     ";
                }
                br.close();
                System.out.println(s2);
           }
    }

    运行结果:

     

    实验3: 编程练习

    练习1:

    1.编制一个程序,将身份证号.txt 中的信息读入到内存中;

    2.按姓名字典序输出人员信息;

    3.查询最大年龄的人员信息;

    4.查询最小年龄人员信息;

    5.输入你的年龄,查询身份证号.txt中年龄与你最近人的姓名、身份证号、年龄、性别和出生地;

    6.查询人员中是否有你的同乡;

    在以上程序适当位置加入异常捕获代码。

    package IDcard;
    
    import java.io.BufferedReader;
    import java.io.File;
    import java.io.FileInputStream;
    import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.InputStreamReader;
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.Scanner;
    import java.util.Collections;
    
    public class ID {
    
        public static People findPeopleByname(String name) {
            People flag = null;
            for (People people : peoplelist) {
                if(people.getName().equals(name)) {
                    flag = people;
                }
            }
            return flag;
    
        }
    
        public static People findPeopleByid(String id) {
            People flag = null;
            for (People people : peoplelist) {
                if(people.getnumber().equals(id)) {
                    flag = people;
                }
            }
            return flag;
    
        }
         
        private static ArrayList<People> agenear(int yourage) {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            int j=0,min=53,d_value=0,k = 0;
            ArrayList<People> plist = new ArrayList<People>();
            for (int i = 0; i < peoplelist.size(); i++) {
                d_value = peoplelist.get(i).getage() > yourage ? 
                        peoplelist.get(i).getage() - yourage : yourage - peoplelist.get(i).getage() ;
                k = d_value < min ? i : k;
                min = d_value < min ? d_value : min;
            }
            for(People people : peoplelist) {
                if(people.getage() == peoplelist.get(k).getage()) {
                    plist.add(people);
                }
            }
            return plist;
        }
    
        private static ArrayList<People> peoplelist; 
        
        public static void main(String[] args) //throws  IOException
        {
            peoplelist = new ArrayList<People>();
            Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
            File file = new File("D:\身份证号.txt");
            try {
                FileInputStream files = new FileInputStream(file);
                BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(files));
                String temp = null;
                while ((temp = in.readLine()) != null) {
                    
                    String[] information = temp.split("[ ]+");
                    People people = new People();
                    people.setName(information[0]);
                    people.setnumber(information[1]);
                    int A = Integer.parseInt(information[3]);
                    people.setage(A);
                    people.setsex(information[2]);
                    for(int j = 4; j<information.length;j++) {
                        people.setplace(information[j]);
                    }
                    peoplelist.add(people);
    
                }
            } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                System.out.println("文件未找到");
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                System.out.println("文件读取错误");
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            boolean isTrue = true;
            while (isTrue) {
    
                System.out.println("******************************************");
                System.out.println("   1.按姓名典序输出人员信息");
                System.out.println("   2.查询最大年龄人员信息");
                System.out.println("   3.查询最小年龄人员信息");
                System.out.println("   4.输入你的年龄,查询身份证号.txt中年龄与你最近的人");
                System.out.println("   5.查询人员中是否有你的同乡");
                System.out.println("   6.退出");
                System.out.println("******************************************");
                int nextInt = scanner.nextInt();
                switch (nextInt) {
                case 1:
                    Collections.sort(peoplelist);
                    System.out.println(peoplelist.toString());
                    break;
                case 2:
                    int max=0;
                    int j,k1 = 0;
                    for(int i=1;i<peoplelist.size();i++)
                    {
                        j = peoplelist.get(i).getage();
                       if(j>max)
                       {
                           max = j; 
                           k1 = i;
                       }
                      
                    }  
                    System.out.println("年龄最大:"+peoplelist.get(k1));
                    break;
                case 3:
                    int min = 100;
                    int j1,k2 = 0;
                    for(int i=1;i<peoplelist.size();i++)
                    {
                        j1 = peoplelist.get(i).getage();
                        if(j1<min)
                        {
                            min = j1; 
                            k2 = i;
                        }
    
                     } 
                    System.out.println("年龄最小:"+peoplelist.get(k2));
                    break;
                case 4:
                    System.out.println("年龄:");
                    int input_age = scanner.nextInt();
                    ArrayList<People> plist = new ArrayList<People>();
                    plist = agenear(input_age);
                    for(People people : plist) {
                        System.out.println(people.toString());
                    }
                    break;
                case 5:
                    System.out.println("请输入省份");
                    String find = scanner.next();        
                    for (int i = 0; i <peoplelist.size(); i++) 
                    {
                        String [] place = peoplelist.get(i).getplace().split("	");
                        for(String temp : place) {
                            if(find.equals(temp)) {
                                System.out.println("你的同乡是    "+peoplelist.get(i));
                                break;
                            }
                        }
                        
                    } 
                    break;
                case 6:
                    isTrue = false;
                    System.out.println("byebye!");
                    break;
                default:
                    System.out.println("输入有误");
                }
            }
        }
    
    }

    练习2:

    1.编写一个计算器类,可以完成加、减、乘、除的操作;

    2.利用计算机类,设计一个小学生100以内数的四则运算练习程序,由计算机随机产生10道加减乘除练习题,学生输入答案,由程序检查答案是否正确,每道题正确计10分,错误不计分,10道题测试结束后给出测试总分;

    3.将程序中测试练习题及学生答题结果输出到文件,文件名为test.txt;

    4.在以上程序适当位置加入异常捕获代码。

    package 算术题;
    
    import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
    import java.io.PrintWriter;
    import java.util.Scanner;
    
    
    public class ss {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
    
            Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
            sf sf=new sf();
            PrintWriter output = null;
            try {
                output = new PrintWriter("ss.txt");
            } catch (Exception e) {
                //e.printStackTrace();
            }
            int sum = 0;
    
            for (int i = 1; i < 11; i++) {
                int a = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 100);
                int b = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 100);
                int s = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 3);
    
                
               switch(s)
               {
               case 1:
                   System.out.println(i+": "+a+"/"+b+"=");
                   while(b==0){  
                       b = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 100); 
                       }
                   double c = in.nextDouble();
                   output.println(a+"/"+b+"="+c);
                   if (c == sf.chu_fa(a, b)) {
                       sum += 10;
                       System.out.println("恭喜答案正确");
                   }
                   else {
                       System.out.println("抱歉,答案错误");
                   }
                
                   break;
                
               case 2:
                   System.out.println(i+": "+a+"*"+b+"=");
                   int c1 = in.nextInt();
                   output.println(a+"*"+b+"="+c1);
                   if (c1 == sf.chen_fa(a, b)) {
                       sum += 10;
                       System.out.println("恭喜答案正确");
                   }
                   else {
                       System.out.println("抱歉,答案错误");
                   }
                   break;
               case 3:
                   System.out.println(i+": "+a+"+"+b+"=");
                   int c2 = in.nextInt();
                   output.println(a+"+"+b+"="+c2);
                   if (c2 == sf.jia_fa(a, b)) {
                       sum += 10;
                       System.out.println("恭喜答案正确");
                   }
                   else {
                       System.out.println("抱歉,答案错误");
                   }
                   
                   break ;
               case 4:
                   System.out.println(i+": "+a+"-"+b+"=");
                   int c3 = in.nextInt();
                   output.println(a+"-"+b+"="+c3);
                   if (c3 == sf.jian_fa(a, b)) {
                       sum += 10;
                       System.out.println("恭喜答案正确");
                   }
                   else {
                       System.out.println("抱歉,答案错误");
                   }
                   break ;
    
                   } 
        
              }
            System.out.println("成绩"+sum);
            output.println("成绩:"+sum);
            output.close();
             
        }
    }
    package 算术题;
    
    public class sf 
    {
           private int a;
           private int b;
            public int  jia_fa(int a,int b)
            {
                return a+b;
            }
            public int   jian_fa(int a,int b)
            {
                if((a-b)<0)
                    return 0;
                else
                return a-b;
            }
            public int   chen_fa(int a,int b)
            {
                return a*b;
            }
            public int   chu_fa(int a,int b)
            {
                if(b!=0)
                return a/b;    
                else
            return 0;
            }
    
            
    }

    实验4:断言、日志、程序调试技巧验证实验。

    实验程序1:

    //断言程序示例
    public class AssertDemo {
        public static void main(String[] args) {        
            test1(-5);
            test2(-3);
        }
        
        private static void test1(int a){
            assert a > 0;
            System.out.println(a);
        }
        private static void test2(int a){
           assert a > 0 : "something goes wrong here, a cannot be less than 0";
            System.out.println(a);
        }
    }

    1.在elipse下调试程序AssertDemo,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

    2.注释语句test1(-5);后重新运行程序,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

    3.掌握断言的使用特点及用法。

    package stackTrace;
    //断言程序示例
    public class AssertDemo {
      public static void main(String[] args) {        
    //      test1(-5);
          test2(-3);
      }
      
      private static void test1(int a){
          assert a > 0;
          System.out.println(a);
      }
      private static void test2(int a){
         assert a > 0 : "something goes wrong here, a cannot be less than 0";
          System.out.println(a);
      }
    }

    结果如下:

    实验程序2:

    1.用JDK命令调试运行教材298页-300页程序7-2,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

    2.并掌握Java日志系统的用途及用法。

    程序如下:

    package logging;
    
    import java.awt.*;
    import java.awt.event.*;
    import java.io.*;
    import java.util.logging.*;
    import javax.swing.*;
    
    /**
     * A modification of the image viewer program that logs various events.
     * @version 1.03 2015-08-20
     * @author Cay Horstmann
     */
    public class LoggingImageViewer
    {
       public static void main(String[] args)
       {
          if (System.getProperty("java.util.logging.config.class") == null
                && System.getProperty("java.util.logging.config.file") == null)
          {
             try
             {
                Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava").setLevel(Level.ALL);
                final int LOG_ROTATION_COUNT = 10;
                Handler handler = new FileHandler("%h/LoggingImageViewer.log", 0, LOG_ROTATION_COUNT);
                Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava").addHandler(handler);
             }
             catch (IOException e)
             {
                Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava").log(Level.SEVERE,
                      "Can't create log file handler", e);
             }
          }
    
          EventQueue.invokeLater(() ->
                {
                   Handler windowHandler = new WindowHandler();
                   windowHandler.setLevel(Level.ALL);
                   Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava").addHandler(windowHandler);
    
                   JFrame frame = new ImageViewerFrame();
                   frame.setTitle("LoggingImageViewer");
                   frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    
                   Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava").fine("Showing frame");
                   frame.setVisible(true);
                });
       }
    }
    
    /**
     * The frame that shows the image.
     */
    class ImageViewerFrame extends JFrame
    {
       private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
       private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 400;   
    
       private JLabel label;
       private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava");
    
       public ImageViewerFrame()
       {
          logger.entering("ImageViewerFrame", "<init>");      
          setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
    
          // set up menu bar
          JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();
          setJMenuBar(menuBar);
    
          JMenu menu = new JMenu("File");
          menuBar.add(menu);
    
          JMenuItem openItem = new JMenuItem("Open");
          menu.add(openItem);
          openItem.addActionListener(new FileOpenListener());
    
          JMenuItem exitItem = new JMenuItem("Exit");
          menu.add(exitItem);
          exitItem.addActionListener(new ActionListener()
             {
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
                {
                   logger.fine("Exiting.");
                   System.exit(0);
                }
             });
    
          // use a label to display the images
          label = new JLabel();
          add(label);
          logger.exiting("ImageViewerFrame", "<init>");
       }
    
       private class FileOpenListener implements ActionListener
       {
          public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
          {
             logger.entering("ImageViewerFrame.FileOpenListener", "actionPerformed", event);
    
             // set up file chooser
             JFileChooser chooser = new JFileChooser();
             chooser.setCurrentDirectory(new File("."));
    
             // accept all files ending with .gif
             chooser.setFileFilter(new javax.swing.filechooser.FileFilter()
                {
                   public boolean accept(File f)
                   {
                      return f.getName().toLowerCase().endsWith(".gif") || f.isDirectory();
                   }
    
                   public String getDescription()
                   {
                      return "GIF Images";
                   }
                });
    
             // show file chooser dialog
             int r = chooser.showOpenDialog(ImageViewerFrame.this);
    
             // if image file accepted, set it as icon of the label
             if (r == JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION)
             {
                String name = chooser.getSelectedFile().getPath();
                logger.log(Level.FINE, "Reading file {0}", name);
                label.setIcon(new ImageIcon(name));
             }
             else logger.fine("File open dialog canceled.");
             logger.exiting("ImageViewerFrame.FileOpenListener", "actionPerformed");
          }
       }
    }
    
    /**
     * A handler for displaying log records in a window.
     */
    class WindowHandler extends StreamHandler
    {
       private JFrame frame;
    
       public WindowHandler()
       {
          frame = new JFrame();
          final JTextArea output = new JTextArea();
          output.setEditable(false);
          frame.setSize(200, 200);
          frame.add(new JScrollPane(output));
          frame.setFocusableWindowState(false);
          frame.setVisible(true);
          setOutputStream(new OutputStream()
             {
                public void write(int b)
                {
                } // not called
    
                public void write(byte[] b, int off, int len)
                {
                   output.append(new String(b, off, len));
                }
             });
       }
    
       public void publish(LogRecord record)
       {
          if (!frame.isVisible()) return;
          super.publish(record);
          flush();
       }
    }

    实验总结:

    通过这个周的学习,我接触了java异常处理技术,了解断言的用法和日志的用途,还了解了程序基础调试技巧;不过都只是很浅显的了解到了,仍然还有很多不太懂的地方,还需要多看书多练习。编程能力可以说是很糟糕了,没有网上资料的借鉴自己独立根本完成不了,还需要多多联系。在之后的学习中需要更加的努力认真。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xuezhiqian/p/9865216.html
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