• 【Spring实战】—— 8 自动装配


    本篇介绍一下自动装配的知识,Spring为了简化配置文件的编写。采用自动装配方式,自动的装载需要的bean。

      自动装配 有以下几种方式:

      1 byName 通过id的名字与属性的名字进行判断,要保证Bean实例中属性名字与该装配的id名字相同。

      2 byType 通过类型确定装配的bean,但是当存在多个类型符合的bean时,会报错。

      3 contructor 在构造注入时,使用该装配方式,效果如同byType。

      4 autodetect 自动装配,这个测试了,3.0.5版本不可用了,不知道是不是被移除了。

      下面简单的看下,自动装配的所需代码:

    public class Instrumentalist implements Performer{
        private String song;
        private int age;
        private Instrument instrument;
        public int getAge() {
            return age;
        }
        public void setAge(int age) {
            this.age = age;
        }
        public String getSong() {
            return song;
        }
        public void setSong(String song) {
            this.song = song;
        }
        public Instrument getInstrument() {
            return instrument;
        }
        public void setInstrument(Instrument instrument) {
            this.instrument = instrument;
        }
        public Instrumentalist(){}
        public Instrumentalist(String song,int age,Instrument instrument){
            this.song = song;
            this.age = age;
            this.instrument = instrument;
        }
        public void perform() throws PerformanceException {
            System.out.println("Instrumentalist age:"+age);
            System.out.print("Playing "+song+":");
            instrument.play();
        }
    }
    View Code
    public interface Instrument {
        public void play();
    }
    View Code
    public class Saxophone implements Instrument {
        public Saxophone(){}
        public void play() {
            System.out.println("TOOT TOOT TOOT");
        }
    }
    View Code
    public class test {
        public static void main(String[] args) throws PerformanceException {
            ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
            
            Instrumentalist performer = (Instrumentalist)ctx.getBean("kenny");
            performer.perform();
            
        }
    }
    View Code

      采用byName方式的配置文件如下:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
        
        <bean id="instrument" class="com.spring.test.setter.Saxophone"/>
        <bean id="kenny" class="com.spring.test.setter.Instrumentalist" autowire="byName">
             <property name="song" value="Jingle Bells" />
             <property name="age" value="25" />
         </bean>
    </beans>

      采用byType的配置文件如下:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
        
        <bean id="test2" class="com.spring.test.setter.Saxophone"/>
        <bean id="test1" class="com.spring.test.setter.Saxophone" primary="true"/> <!-- 默认是false -->
        <bean id="kenny" class="com.spring.test.setter.Instrumentalist" autowire="byType">
             <property name="song" value="Jingle Bells" />
             <property name="age" value="25" />
         </bean>
    </beans>

      如果有多个类型匹配的bean,则可以采用 primary 来设置主要装配的bean,默认情况下是false

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xing901022/p/4250511.html
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