多线程 层级锁
当要同时操作2个对象时,就需要同时锁定这2个对象,而不是先锁定一个,然后再锁定另一个。同时锁定多个对象的方法:std::lock(对象1.锁,对象2.锁...)
但是,有的时候,并不能同时得到所以要锁定的锁,必须是先锁定某个后,再锁定其他的,这种情况就不能使用std::lock函数了,怎么办呢,使用有顺序的锁。
额外说明:lock_guard<模板类> ,中模板类的实现。这个模板类只要实现mutex所需要的三个成员函数即可:lock(), unlock(), try_lock()。
例子:lock_guard的模板类hierarchical_mutex
class hierarchical_mutex{
std::mutex mtx;
unsigned long const hcl_val;
unsigned long pre_hcl_val;
static thread_local unsigned long this_hcl_val;
void check_for_hcl_violaction(){
if(this_hcl_val <= hcl_val){
throw std::logic_error("mutex hierarchy violated");
}
}
void update_hierarchy_value(){
pre_hcl_val = this_hcl_val;
this_hcl_val = hcl_val;
}
public:
explicit hierarchical_mutex(unsigned long val):
hcl_val(val), pre_hcl_val(0){}
void lock(){
check_for_hcl_violaction();
mtx.lock();
update_hierarchy_value();
}
void unlock(){
this_hcl_val = pre_hcl_val;
mtx.unlock();
}
bool try_lock(){
check_for_hcl_violaction();
if(!mtx.try_lock())
return false;
update_hierarchy_value();
return true;
}
};
顺序锁的应用例子:当要锁定时某个锁时,要先检查已经上锁的锁的序号,如果序号低于现在要锁的锁的序号的话就可以锁定,否则,抛出异常。
我也没理解锁的序号的真正含义,只是做个记录,抄一个例子。。。
#include <mutex>
#include <climits>//ULONG_MAX
#include <thread>
class hierarchical_mutex{
std::mutex mtx;
unsigned long const hcl_val;
unsigned long pre_hcl_val;
static thread_local unsigned long this_hcl_val;
void check_for_hcl_violaction(){
if(this_hcl_val <= hcl_val){
throw std::logic_error("mutex hierarchy violated");
}
}
void update_hierarchy_value(){
pre_hcl_val = this_hcl_val;
this_hcl_val = hcl_val;
}
public:
explicit hierarchical_mutex(unsigned long val):
hcl_val(val), pre_hcl_val(0){}
void lock(){
check_for_hcl_violaction();
mtx.lock();
update_hierarchy_value();
}
void unlock(){
this_hcl_val = pre_hcl_val;
mtx.unlock();
}
bool try_lock(){
check_for_hcl_violaction();
if(!mtx.try_lock())
return false;
update_hierarchy_value();
return true;
}
};
thread_local unsigned long
hierarchical_mutex::this_hcl_val(ULONG_MAX);
hierarchical_mutex high_level_mutex(10000);
hierarchical_mutex low_level_mutex(5000);
int do_low_level_stuff(){
return 1;
}
int low_level_func(){
std::lock_guard<hierarchical_mutex> lk(low_level_mutex);
return do_low_level_stuff();
}
void high_level_stuff(int param){
}
void high_level_func(){
std::lock_guard<hierarchical_mutex> lk(high_level_mutex);
high_level_stuff(low_level_func());
}
void thread_a(){
high_level_func();
}
hierarchical_mutex other_mutex(100);
void do_other_stuff(){
}
void other_stuff(){
high_level_func();
do_other_stuff();
}
void thread_b(){
std::lock_guard<hierarchical_mutex> lk(other_mutex);
other_stuff();
}
int main(){
//锁定顺序合法(因为先锁的大的,后锁的小的)
std::thread a(thread_a);
//锁定顺序非法(因为先锁的小的,后锁的大的)
std::thread b(thread_b);
a.join();
b.join();
}