0 问题发生
xiaojietest.java
package tasks; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.BufferedWriter; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileWriter; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.Writer; import java.nio.file.Path; import java.nio.file.Paths; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Set; import org.apache.commons.lang3.SystemUtils; import database.Tools; import util.FixPath; import util.StreamGobbler; public class xiaojietest { public static void main(String args[]) throws SQLException { try { String cmd="""+"/home/xiaojie/Desktop/xiaojiework/BigCloneEval/sample/nicadRunner"+ "" "" + "/home/xiaojie/Desktop/xiaojiework/BigCloneEval/ijadataset/bcb_reduced/5"+"""; System.out.println(cmd); String cmd1="bash"; //String cmd2="--help"; String cmd2="-c"; //String [] exec = {cmd1,cmd2}; //String [] exec = {"bash", "-c", """+"/home/xiaojie/Desktop/xiaojiework/BigCloneEval/commands/../sample/nicadRunner"+ " " + "/home/xiaojie/Desktop/xiaojiework/BigCloneEval/ijadataset/bcb_reduced/5"+"""}; //String [] exec = {"bash", "--help"}; //String [] exec = {"bash", "-c",cmd}; String [] exec = {cmd1,cmd2,cmd}; //String[] exec= {"ls"}; ProcessBuilder pb = new ProcessBuilder(exec); //pb.directory(new File("/home/xiaojie/Desktop/xiaojiework/BigCloneEval/commands/../sample/")); Process p = pb.start(); Map<String, String>env=pb.environment(); //xiaojie output environment Set<String> key=env.keySet(); for(Iterator<String>it=key.iterator();it.hasNext();) { String s=it.next(); System.out.println(s+":"+env.get(s)); } //new StreamGobbler(p.getErrorStream()).start(); String line = null; BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(p.getInputStream())); Path output=Paths.get("/home/xiaojie/Desktop/xiaojiework/data_for_experiment/nicadOutPutFile/nicad.clones"); output = FixPath.getAbsolutePath(output); output = output.toAbsolutePath(); BufferedWriter out = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(output.toFile())); //System.out.println(br.read()); while((line = br.readLine()) != null) { System.out.println(line); line = line.trim(); if(!line.equals("")) { out.write(line + " "); } } int retval = p.waitFor(); br.close(); System.out.println("retval:"+retval); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(System.err); } } }
上述代码期望通过Java程序执行如下脚本
/home/xiaojie/Desktop/xiaojiework/BigCloneEval/sample/nicadRunner
并且传入参数:
/home/xiaojie/Desktop/xiaojiework/BigCloneEval/ijadataset/bcb_reduced/5
nicadRunner的脚本内容是:
#!/bin/bash # This tool runner works with the myconfig.cfg nicad configuration file included # You will need to modify the hard-coded installation below before running # Test this out on one of the IJaDataset directories (such as 11/) to test and # see that clones are detected and output in the correct format for BigCloneEval # as specified in the readme. ulimit -s hard root=`dirname $1` dir=`basename $1` path=$root/$dir # Go to NiCad installation directory cd /home/xiaojie/Desktop/xiaojiework/NiCad-5.0/ # Execute NiCad, Suppress Output ./nicad5 functions java "$path" myconfig > /dev/null 2> /dev/null # Convert Detected Clones Into BigCloneEval Format java -jar Convert.jar ${path}_functions-blind-abstract-clones/${dir}_functions-blind-abstract-clones-0.30.xml 2> /dev/null #cat ${path}_functions-blind-abstract-clones/${dir}_functions-blind-abstract-clones-0.30.xml | sed 's$<source file="$$g' | sed 's$" startline="$,$g' | sed 's$" endline="$,$g' | sed 's$" pcid=.*"></source>$$g' | sed 's$<clone nlines=.*$$g' | sed 's$</clone>.*$$g' | sed 's$</clones>$$g' |sed 's$<clones>$$g' | sed 's$<cloneinfo.*$$g' | sed 's$<systeminfo.*$$g' | sed 's$<runinfo.*$$g' | sed '/^$/d' | paste -d ',' - - | sed "s#${path}/##g" | sed 's#/#,#g' # Cleanup rm -rf ${path}_functions-blind-abstract-clones > /dev/null 2> /dev/null rm ${path}_functions-blind-abstract.xml > /dev/null 2> /dev/null rm ${path}_functions-clones*.log > /dev/null 2> /dev/null rm ${path}_functions-blind.xml > /dev/null 2> /dev/null rm ${path}_functions.xml > /dev/null 2> /dev/null
ProcessBuilder启动进程并执行,正常的返回值(通过代码中p.waitFor()返回)是0,其余状态都说明进程执行过程报错。
针对"ls"、"bash --help"等使用上面程序执行,都无错误。
但是针对如下进程使用上述程序通过ProcessBuilder启动进程执行却一直报错:
bash -c "/home/xiaojie/Desktop/xiaojiework/BigCloneEval/sample/nicadRunner" "/home/xiaojie/Desktop/xiaojiework/BigCloneEval/ijadataset/bcb_reduced/5"
1 问题排查过程
1.1 bash -c的直接使用
首先,直接运行脚本,传入参数。没有任何错误。
其次,加上bash –c以后就会出错。
这是因为必须将"/home/xiaojie/Desktop/xiaojiework/BigCloneEval/sample/nicadRunner" "/home/xiaojie/Desktop/xiaojiework/BigCloneEval/ijadataset/bcb_reduced/5"作为整体传递给bash -c,而不是分开。所以如下修改即可:
1.2 通过ProcessBuilder启动进程执行bash -c
问题1:返回127错误码
String cmd="""+"/home/xiaojie/Desktop/xiaojiework/BigCloneEval/sample/nicadRunner"+ "" "" + "/home/xiaojie/Desktop/xiaojiework/BigCloneEval/ijadataset/bcb_reduced/5"+"""; System.out.println(cmd); String cmd1="bash"; //String cmd2="--help"; String cmd2="-c"; String [] exec = {cmd1,cmd2,cmd}; ProcessBuilder pb = new ProcessBuilder(exec);
第一,如果将cmd写作
""""+"/home/xiaojie/Desktop/xiaojiework/BigCloneEval/sample/nicadRunner"+ "" "" + "/home/xiaojie/Desktop/xiaojiework/BigCloneEval/ijadataset/bcb_reduced/5"+"""";
将该字符串打印以后会输出:
""/home/xiaojie/Desktop/xiaojiework/BigCloneEval/sample/nicadRunner" "/home/xiaojie/Desktop/xiaojiework/BigCloneEval/ijadataset/bcb_reduced/5""
从表面看,是bash -c能够接受的参数,即是一个整体。
这个时候,bash -c 将“”引号内作为一个整体看待,而不是一个脚本和一个参数,故而会提示127。
但是,对于ProcessBuilder而言,其接收该参数对其处理时,会将其当作最外层还有一层双引号。就变成了
"""/home/xiaojie/Desktop/xiaojiework/BigCloneEval/sample/nicadRunner" "/home/xiaojie/Desktop/xiaojiework/BigCloneEval/ijadataset/bcb_reduced/5"""
会报出127错误。
shell的错误码说明是:
因此,找不到nicadRunner脚本的路径。即Path不对。
问题2:返回1错误码
我们将问题1修正以后,即cmd为
String cmd="""+"/home/xiaojie/Desktop/xiaojiework/BigCloneEval/sample/nicadRunner"+ "" "" + "/home/xiaojie/Desktop/xiaojiework/BigCloneEval/ijadataset/bcb_reduced/5"+""";
此时,执行前述程序后,返回1错误码,即通用错误。
说明nicadRunner脚本运行了,但是没有正确运行。
采取“逐步增加行”的策略。我们运行到./nicad5的那一行时出了错误。
#!/bin/bash # This tool runner works with the myconfig.cfg nicad configuration file included # You will need to modify the hard-coded installation below before running # Test this out on one of the IJaDataset directories (such as 11/) to test and # see that clones are detected and output in the correct format for BigCloneEval # as specified in the readme. ulimit -s hard root=`dirname $1` dir=`basename $1` path=$root/$dir # Go to NiCad installation directory cd /home/xiaojie/Desktop/xiaojiework/NiCad-5.0/ # Execute NiCad, Suppress Output ./nicad5 functions java "$path" myconfig > /dev/null 2> /dev/null
而直接在客户端的命令行中用nicad命令执行,却没有错误。
为什么?
在客户端的命令行中运行nicad程序,命令行中的上下文的path是包括FreeTXL路径的,所以命令行nicad没问题。
但是,使用ProcessBuilder启动bash -c 运行nicadRunner脚本,脚本中再调用nicad程序的时候,就找不到FreeTXL路径了!
我的FreeTXL路径设置的比较特殊,是在一个私人文件夹,并且写入的path是~/.bashrc。FreeTXL是nicad工具的依赖包。我安装的时候,相关的路径信息是:
Installing TXL for xiaojie only. Installing TXL commands into /home/xiaojie/bin Installing TXL library into /home/xiaojie/txl/lib Installing TXL manual entries into /home/xiaojie/txl/man/man1 Testing TXL
我在程序中添加代码:
Map<String, String>env=pb.environment(); //xiaojie output environment Set<String> key=env.keySet(); for(Iterator<String>it=key.iterator();it.hasNext();) { String s=it.next(); System.out.println(s+":"+env.get(s)); }
获取了ProcessBuilder启动的命令的上下文,然后查看一下输出
PATH:/home/xiaojie/Desktop/xiaojiework/jdk-8u191-linux-x64/jdk1.8.0_191/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin
可以看到,/home/xiaojie/bin不在PATH路径中。
我当时将这个路径写入了一个bashrc文件,所以bash命令行中有该路径!
但是,创建ProcessBuilder时,读取的上下文,不是从bashrc中读取的。
所以不一致,所以就会导致命令行和程序中的不一样。
调试程序,跟入pb.environment();,可以看到:
进一步跟入,发现:
该函数只有一个声明。
初步判断是java.lang.ProcessEnvironment.environ函数。java.lang.ProcessEnvironment是java的一个类,源码被隐藏。可以直接调用。
https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/java/java-random-code-from-the-perspective-of-compilation/。该网页中有Linux环境变量的读取介绍,比较复杂。
https://www.cnblogs.com/sunilsun/p/6071124.html这里是Linux环境变量的介绍。
里面提到:
(1)~/.profile:【推荐】每个用户都可使用该文件输入专用于自己使用的shell信息,当用户登录时,该文件仅仅执行一次!默认情况下,他设置一些环境变量,执行用户的.bashrc文件。这里是推荐放置个人设置的地方
(2)~/.bashrc:该文件包含专用于你的bash shell的bash信息,当登录时以及每次打开新的shell时,该文件被读取。不推荐放到这儿,因为每开一个shell,这个文件会读取一次,效率肯定有影响。
所以,我将路径改为写入~/.profile。重启,然后运行程序。解决。