• javascript四种类型识别的方法


    前面的话

      javascript有复杂的类型系统,类型识别则是基本的功能。javascript总共提供了四种类型识别的方法,本文将对这四种方法进行详细说明

    typeof运算符

      typeof是一元运算符,放在单个操作数的前面,返回值为表示操作数类型的首字母小写的字符串

      [注意]typeof运算符后面带不带圆括号都可以

    console.log(typeof 'a');//'string'
    console.log(typeof ('a'));//'string'

    识别

      【1】可以识别标准类型(将Null识别为'object') 

      【2】不能识别具体的对象类型(Function除外)

    console.log(typeof "jerry");//"string"
    console.log(typeof 12);//"number"
    console.log(typeof true);//"boolean"
    console.log(typeof undefined);//"undefined"
    console.log(typeof null);//"object"
    console.log(typeof {name: "jerry"});//"object"
    
    console.log(typeof function(){});//"function"
    console.log(typeof []);//"object"
    console.log(typeof new Date);//"object"
    console.log(typeof /d/);//"object"
    function Person(){};
    console.log(typeof new Person);//"object"

      [注意]判断一个值是否为null类型的最佳方法是直接和null进行恒等比较

    console.log(typeof null);//'object'
    console.log(null === null);//true
    console.log(undefined === null);//false
    console.log('null' === null);//false

    instanceof运算符

      instanceof是一个二元运算符,左操作数是一个对象,右操作数是一个构造函数。如果左侧的对象是右侧构造函数的实例对象,则表达式返回true;否则返回false

      如果左操作数不是对象,返回false,如果右操作数不是函数,则抛出一个类型错误异常TypeError

    console.log(123 instanceof function(){});//false
    //Uncaught TypeError: Right-hand side of 'instanceof' is not an object
    console.log({} instanceof 123);

      [注意]所有的对象都是Object的实例

    识别

      【1】可以识别内置对象类型、自定义类型及其父类型

      【2】不能识别标准类型,会返回false

      【3】不能识别undefined、null,会报错

    console.log("jerry" instanceof String);//false
    console.log(12 instanceof Number);//false
    console.log(true instanceof Boolean);//false
    console.log(undefined instanceof Undefined);//报错
    console.log(null instanceof Null);//报错
    console.log({name: "jerry"} instanceof Object);//true
    
    console.log(function(){} instanceof Function);//true
    console.log([] instanceof Array);//true
    console.log(new Date instanceof Date);//true
    console.log(/d/ instanceof RegExp);//true
    function Person(){};
    console.log(new Person instanceof Person);//true
    console.log(new Person instanceof Object);//true

    constructor属性

      实例对象的constructor属性指向其构造函数。如果是内置类型,则输出function 数据类型(){[native code]};如果是自定义类型,则输出function 数据类型(){}

    识别

      【1】可以识别标准类型、内置对象类型及自定义类型

      【2】不能识别undefined、null,会报错,因为它俩没有构造函数

    console.log(("jerry").constructor);//function String(){[native code]}
    console.log((12).constructor);//function Number(){[native code]}
    console.log((true).constructor);//function Boolean(){[native code]}
    console.log((undefined).constructor);//报错
    console.log((null).constructor);//报错
    console.log(({name: "jerry"}).constructor);//function Object(){[native code]}
    
    console.log((function(){}).constructor);//function Function(){[native code]}
    console.log(([]).constructor);//function Array(){[native code]}
    console.log((new Date).constructor);//function Date(){[native code]}
    console.log((/d/).constructor);//function RegExp(){[native code]}
    function Person(){};
    console.log((new Person).constructor);//function Person(){}

      可以将constructor属性封装成一个类型识别方法

    function type(obj){
        var temp = obj.constructor.toString();
        return temp.replace(/^function (w+)().+$/,'$1');
    }
    function type(obj){
        var temp = obj.constructor.toString().toLowerCase();
        return temp.replace(/^function (w+)().+$/,'$1');
    }
    console.log(type("jerry"));//"string"
    console.log(type(12));//"number"
    console.log(type(true));//"boolean"
    console.log(type(undefined));//错误
    console.log(type(null));//错误
    console.log(type({name: "jerry"}));//"object"
    
    console.log(type(function(){}));//"function"
    console.log(type([]));//"array"
    console.log(type(new Date));//"date"
    console.log(type(/d/));//"regexp"
    function Person(){};
    console.log(type(new Person));//"person"

    Object.prototype.toString()方法

      对象的类属性是一个字符串,用以表示对象的类型信息。javascript没有提供设置这个属性的方法,但有一种间接方法可以查询它。Object.prototype.toString()方法返回了如下格式的字符串:[object 数据类型]

    识别

      【1】可以识别标准类型及内置对象类型

      【2】不能识别自定义类型

    console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call("jerry"));//[object String]
    console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(12));//[object Number]
    console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(true));//[object Boolean]
    console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(undefined));//[object Undefined]
    console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(null));//[object Null]
    console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call({name: "jerry"}));//[object Object]
    
    console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(function(){}));//[object Function]
    console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call([]));//[object Array]
    console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(new Date));//[object Date]
    console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(/d/));//[object RegExp]
    function Person(){};
    console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(new Person));//[object Object]

      可以将Object.prototype.toString()方法封装成一个类型识别方法

    function type(obj){
        return Object.prototype.toString.call(obj).slice(8,-1).toLowerCase();
    }
    console.log(type("jerry"));//"string"
    console.log(type(12));//"number"
    console.log(type(true));//"boolean"
    console.log(type(undefined));//"undefined"
    console.log(type(null));//"null"
    console.log(type({name: "jerry"}));//"object"
    
    console.log(type(function(){}));//"function"
    console.log(type([]));//"array"
    console.log(type(new Date));//"date"
    console.log(type(/d/));//"regexp"
    function Person(){};
    console.log(type(new Person));//"object"

      [注意]如果是包装对象,Object.prototype.toString()方法将返回其原始类型

    console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(new Number(123)));//[object Number]
    console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(123));//[object Number]
    console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(new String('abc')));//[object String]
    console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call('abc'));//[object String]
    console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(new Boolean(true)));//[object Boolean]
    console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(true));//[object Boolean]
  • 相关阅读:
    随手快递app冲刺2开发的第六天
    随手快递app冲刺2开发的第五天
    随手快递app冲刺2开发的第四天
    随手快递app冲刺2开发的第三天
    随手快递appc冲刺2开发的第二天
    随手快递app冲刺2开发的第一天
    程序员修炼之道:从小工到专家阅读笔记03
    安卓学习70
    安卓学习69
    安卓学习68
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaohuochai/p/5744363.html
Copyright © 2020-2023  润新知