• Spring之IOC


    Spring之IOC

    一.Spring

    Spring是一个开源框架,它由Rod Johnson创建。它是为了解决企业应用开发的复杂性而创建的。
    Spring使用基本的JavaBean来完成以前只可能由EJB完成的事情。

    Spring的用途不仅限于服务器端的开发。从简单性、可测试性和松耦合的角度而言,任何Java应用都可以从Spring中受益。

    Spring:

                目的:解决企业应用开发的复杂性
             功能:使用基本的JavaBean代替EJB,并提供了更多的企业应用功能
             范围:任何Java应用
             简单来说,Spring是一个轻量级的控制反转(IoC)和面向切面(AOP)的容器框架。

    Springspring包含的模块

    1.1 中间层框架、万能胶
    struts2
    spring
    hibernate
    1.2 容器框架
    JavaBean 项目中的一个个类
    IOC和AOP

     二. 什么是控制反转(或依赖注入) 

    控制反转(IoC=Inversion of Control)IoC,用白话来讲,就是由容器控制程序之间的(依赖)关系,而非传统实现中,由程序代码直接操控。

    这也就是所谓“控制反转”的概念所在:(依赖)控制权由应用代码中转到了外部容器,控制权的转移,是所谓反转。
    IoC还有一个另外的名字:“依赖注入 (DI=Dependency Injection)” ,即由容器动态的将某种依赖关系注入到组件之中

    IOC/DI
    将以前由程序员实例化对象/赋值的工作交给了spring处理

    三.案例:实现Spring的IoC

    导入核心pom依赖

    1 <dependency>
    2             <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    3             <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
    4             <version>4.3.10.RELEASE</version>
    5         </dependency>

    安装Spring插件可进行手动安装和自动安装

    手动安装:解压Spring安装包,点击Eclipse中的Help中的Instell NewSoft...

    自动安装: 在Eclipse的Help中的Marketplace 搜索Spring,直接install

    set注入

    UserAction 
     1 package com.Spring.ioc.web;
     2 
     3 import java.util.List;
     4 
     5 import com.Spring.ioc.biz.UserBiz;
     6 import com.Spring.ioc.impl.UserBizmpl1;
     7 import com.Spring.ioc.impl.UserBizmpl2;
     8 
     9 /**
    10  * Ioc的注入方式及各类类型   有三种注入方式:
    11  * 
    12  * set注入
    13  *        基本类型与String
    14  *        数组
    15  *        自定义类型
    16  * 构造注入
    17  * 自动装配
    18  * @author Administrator
    19  *
    20  */
    21 public class UserAction {
    22 
    23     private UserBiz userBiz;
    24     private String uname;
    25     private int age;
    26     private List<String> hobby;
    27     
    28     
    29     
    30     public String getUname() {
    31         return uname;
    32     }
    33 
    34     public void setUname(String uname) {
    35         this.uname = uname;
    36     }
    37 
    38     public int getAge() {
    39         return age;
    40     }
    41 
    42     public void setAge(int age) {
    43         this.age = age;
    44     }
    45 
    46     public List<String> getHobby() {
    47         return hobby;
    48     }
    49 
    50     public void setHobby(List<String> hobby) {
    51         this.hobby = hobby;
    52     }
    53 
    54     public UserBiz getUserBiz() {
    55         return userBiz;
    56     }
    57 
    58     public void setUserBiz(UserBiz userBiz) {
    59         this.userBiz = userBiz;
    60     }
    61 
    62     public void upload() {
    63         userBiz.upload();
    64     }
    65     /**
    66      * 注入问题
    67      */
    68     public void test1() {
    69         System.out.println(this.uname);
    70         System.out.println(this.age);
    71         System.out.println(this.hobby);
    72 
    73     }
    74 }

    spring-context.xml

     1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
     2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
     3    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     4    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
     5    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
     6    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
     7    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
     8        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
     9        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
    10        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">
    11     <bean class="com.qukang.ioc.biz.UserBizImpl2" id="userBiz"></bean>
    12     <bean class="com.qukang.ioc.web.UserAction" id="xxx">
    13     <!-- set注入用property标签 -->
    14         <property name="userBiz" ref="userBiz"></property>
    15         <property name="uname" value="CXK"></property>
    16         <property name="age" value="22"></property>
    17         <property name="hobby">
    18             <list>
    19             <value>唱</value>
    20             <value>跳</value>
    21             <value>Rap</value>
    22             </list>
    23         </property>
    24     </bean>
    25     <bean class="com.qukang.ioc.web.OrderAction" id="ttt">
    26         <property name="userBiz" ref="userBiz"></property>
    27     </bean>
    28 </beans>

    测试

    IocTest 
     1 package com.Spring.ioc.test;
     2 
     3 import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
     4 import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
     5 
     6 import com.Spring.ioc.web.OrderAction;
     7 import com.Spring.ioc.web.UserAction;
     8 
     9 public class IocTest {
    10 
    11     public static void main(String[] args) {
    12 //        UserAction userAction = new UserAction();
    13 //        userAction.upload();
    14         
    15         ApplicationContext springContext =    new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/spring-context.xml");
    16         UserAction userAction = (UserAction) springContext.getBean("xxx");
    17         //OrderAction orderAction = (OrderAction) springContext.getBean("ttt");
    18 
    19           //userAction.upload();
    20         //orderAction.upload();
    21         userAction.test1();
    22     }
    23 }

    构造器注入 

    UserAction 
     1 package com.Spring.ioc.web;
     2 
     3 import java.util.List;
     4 
     5 import com.Spring.ioc.biz.UserBiz;
     6 import com.Spring.ioc.impl.UserBizmpl1;
     7 import com.Spring.ioc.impl.UserBizmpl2;
     8 
     9 /**
    10  * Ioc的注入方式及各类类型   有三种注入方式:
    11  * 
    12  * set注入
    13  *        基本类型与String
    14  *        数组
    15  *        自定义类型
    16  * 构造注入
    17  * 自动装配
    18  *         spring4之后出现的
    19  *         byType:根据配置夫人bean中的接口,在spring的上下文中寻找对应的实现类
    20  *         byName:会让你据配置的bean中的接口名字,在spring的上下文中寻找对应的实体类
    21  * @author Administrator
    22  *
    23  */
    24 public class UserAction {
    25 
    26     private UserBiz userBiz;
    27     private String uname;
    28     private int age;
    29     private List<String> hobby;
    30     
    31     
    32 public UserAction(String uname, int age) {
    33         super();
    34         this.uname = uname;
    35         this.age = age;
    36     }
    37 
    38 
    39         public UserAction() {
    40        super();
    41        }
    42 
    43 
    44     public List<String> getHobby() {
    45         return hobby;
    46     }
    47 
    48     public void setHobby(List<String> hobby) {
    49         this.hobby = hobby;
    50     }
    51 
    52     public UserBiz getUserBiz() {
    53         return userBiz;
    54     }
    55 
    56     public void setUserBiz(UserBiz userBiz) {
    57         this.userBiz = userBiz;
    58     }
    59 
    60     public void upload() {
    61         userBiz.upload();
    62     }
    63     /**
    64      * 注入问题
    65      */
    66     public void test1() {
    67         System.out.println(this.uname);
    68         System.out.println(this.age);
    69         System.out.println(this.hobby);
    70 
    71     }
    72 }

    在之前配置好的spring-context.xml中加入

    
    

    测试类

    IocTest
    package com.Spring.ioc.test;
    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
    import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
    import com.Spring.ioc.web.OrderAction;
    import com.Spring.ioc.web.UserAction;
    public class IocTest {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
    //        UserAction userAction = new UserAction();
    //        userAction.upload();
            
            ApplicationContext springContext =    new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/spring-context.xml");
            UserAction userAction = (UserAction) springContext.getBean("xxx");
            OrderAction orderAction = (OrderAction) springContext.getBean("ttt");
    //
              //userAction.upload();
            //orderAction.upload();
            userAction.test1();
        }
    }

    自动装配

    byType:根据配置的Bean中的接口,在spring的上下文寻找对应的实现类

    byName:根据配置的Bean中的接口名字,在spring的上下文寻找对应的实现类


    四.tomcat整合ioc容器
     Spring 作为管理整个工程的所有JavaBean,那么如何在用户发送请求的时候能够访问到指定的JavaBean?

           处理方式:
                        在监听器中将spring的上下文交给tomcat的上下文进行管理
           思路:
                   浏览器-->request-->servletcontext-->springcontext-->任意的JavaBean

    监听器:SpringLoaderListener
     1 package com.Spring.ioc.instener;
     2 
     3 import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
     4 import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
     5 import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
     6 import javax.servlet.annotation.WebListener;
     7 
     8 import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
     9 import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
    10 /**
    11  * Spring 作为管理整个工程的所有JavaBean,那么如何在用户发送请求的时候能够访问到指定的JavaBean?
    12  * 处理方式:
    13  *         在监听器中将spring的上下文交给tomcat的上下文进行管理
    14  *         思路:
    15  *             浏览器-->request-->servletcontext-->springcontext-->任意的JavaBean
    16  * @author Administrator
    17  *
    18  */
    19 @WebListener
    20 public class SpringLoaderListener implements ServletContextListener{    
    21     @Override
    22     public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {
    23         // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    24         System.out.println("tomcat--启动触发了....");
    25         //tomcat上下文
    26               ServletContext tomcatContext = sce.getServletContext();
    27           String springXmlLocation=tomcatContext.getInitParameter("springXmlLocation");
    28           System.out.println("spring的上下文配置文件:"+springXmlLocation);
    29           ApplicationContext springContext = null;
    30           if (springXmlLocation == null || "" .equals(springXmlLocation)) {
    31              springContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/spring-context.xml");               
    32 
    33         }else {
    34             springContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(springXmlLocation);               
    35 
    36         }
    37         //作用域
    38         tomcatContext.setAttribute("spring_key", springContext);
    39     }
    40 }
    配置监听器
    web.xml
     1 <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
     2          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     3          xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
     4          version="3.1">
     5 
     6   <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
     7   <!-- 监听器参数 -->
     8   <context-param>
     9           <param-name>springXmlLocation</param-name>
    10           <param-value>/spring-other.xml</param-value>
    11   </context-param>
    12 </web-app>

    spring-other.xml

     1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
     2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
     3    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     4    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
     5    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
     6    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
     7    default-autowire="byType"
     8    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
     9        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    10        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
    11        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">
    12  
    13  <bean class="com.Spring.ioc.impl.UserBizmpl2" id="userBiz"></bean>
    14  <bean class="com.Spring.ioc.web.UserAction" id="xxx">
    15            <!-- set注入用property标签 -->
    16           <!--  <property name="userBiz" ref="userBiz"></property> -->
    17          <!--   <property name="uname" value="CXK"></property>
    18             <property name="age" value="22"></property> -->
    19              <!-- set注入用constructor-arg标签 -->
    20              <constructor-arg name="uname" value="CXK"></constructor-arg>
    21              <constructor-arg name="age" value="22"></constructor-arg>            
    22              <property name="hobby" >
    23              <list>
    24              <value>唱</value>
    25              <value>跳</value>
    26              <value>Rap</value>
    27              </list>
    28              
    29              </property>
    30  </bean>
    31  <bean class="com.Spring.ioc.web.OrderAction" id="ttt">
    32  <!-- <property name="userBiz" ref="userBiz"></property> -->
    33  </bean>
    34  
    35 </beans>

    处理请求

    UserServelt 
     1 package com.Spring.ioc.web;
     2 
     3 import java.io.IOException;
     4 
     5 import javax.servlet.ServletException;
     6 import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
     7 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
     8 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
     9 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    10 
    11 import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
    12 
    13 @WebServlet("/user")
    14 public class UserServelt extends HttpServlet {
    15 @Override
    16 protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
    17     // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    18     doPost(req, resp);
    19 }
    20 
    21 @Override
    22     protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
    23         // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    24        System.out.println("处理请求");
    25        ApplicationContext springContext =  (ApplicationContext) req.getServletContext().getAttribute("spring_key");
    26         UserAction userAction = (UserAction) springContext.getBean("xxx");
    27         userAction.upload();
    28 
    29 }
    30 }

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xcn123/p/11335863.html
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