JavaScript编写计算器的发展史:
编写一个普通的四则运算:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>四则运算</title>
</head>
<body>
<input type="text" id="x"/>
<select name="" id="opt">
<option value="0">+</option>
<option value="1">-</option>
<option value="2">*</option>
<option value="3">/</option>
</select>
<input type="text" id="y"/>
<button id="cal" onclick= "fn()">=</button>
<input type="text" id="result"/>
<script>
// add subtract multiply divide 用于计算的函数名
function add(leftnum,rightnum){
var res = leftnum+rightnum;
document.getElementById('result').value = res;
}
function subtract(leftnum,rightnum){
var res = leftnum-rightnum;
document.getElementById('result').value = res;
}
function multiply(leftnum,rightnum){
var res = leftnum*rightnum;
document.getElementById('result').value = res;
}
function divide(leftnum,rightnum){
if(rightnum == 0){
alert("除数不能为0");
return;
}
var res = leftnum/rightnum;
document.getElementById('result').value = res;
}
function fn(){
var str1=Number(document.getElementById('x').value);
var str2=Number(document.getElementById('y').value);
comp=document.getElementById('opt').value;
var result;
switch(comp) {
case '0':
add(str1,str2);
break;
case '1':
subtract(str1,str2);
break;
case '2':
multiply(str1,str2);
break;
case '3':
divide(str1,str2);
break;
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
实现效果:
缺点:
该代码的所有的方法以及变量都在全局环境中,有污染全局环境的问题;
使用对象来封装方法:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>四则运算</title>
</head>
<body>
<input type="text" id="x"/>
<select name="" id="opt">
<option value="0">+</option>
<option value="1">-</option>
<option value="2">*</option>
<option value="3">/</option>
</select>
<input type="text" id="y"/>
<button id="cal" onclick= "fn()">=</button>
<input type="text" id="result"/>
<script>
// add subtract multiply divide 用于计算的函数名
var calculator = {}; //放入其中
calculator.add = function(leftnum,rightnum){
var res = leftnum+rightnum;
document.getElementById('result').value = res;
}
calculator.subtract = function (leftnum,rightnum){
var res = leftnum-rightnum;
document.getElementById('result').value = res;
}
calculator.multiply = function (leftnum,rightnum){
var res = leftnum*rightnum;
document.getElementById('result').value = res;
}
calculator.divide = function (leftnum,rightnum){
if(rightnum == 0){
alert("除数不能为0");
return;
}
var res = leftnum/rightnum;
document.getElementById('result').value = res;
}
function fn(){
var str1=Number(document.getElementById('x').value);
var str2=Number(document.getElementById('y').value);
comp=document.getElementById('opt').value;
switch(comp) {
case '0':
calculator.add(str1,str2);
break;
case '1':
calculator.subtract(str1,str2);
break;
case '2':
calculator.multiply(str1,str2);
break;
case '3':
calculator.divide(str1,str2);
break;
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
实现效果:
缺点:
依旧存在属性在全局环境的问题;
使用闭包以及自执行函数实现计算器:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<input type="text" id="x" />
<select name="" id="opt">
<option value="0">+</option>
<option value="1">-</option>
<option value="2">*</option>
<option value="3">/</option>
</select>
<input type="text" id="y"/>
<button id="cal">=</button>
<input type="text" id="result" />
<script>
// 方法不会污染全局作用域
var calculator = (function(){
function add(x,y){
return parseInt(x)+parseInt(y);
}
function subtract(x,y){
return parseInt(x)-parseInt(y);
}
function multiply(x,y){
return parseInt(x)*parseInt(y);
}
function divide(x,y){
if(y == 0){
alert('除数不能为零');
return;
}
return parseInt(x)/parseInt(y);
}
return {
add:add,
subtract:subtract,
multiply:multiply,
divide:divide
}
})();
var oX = document.getElementById('x');
var oY = document.getElementById('y');
var oOpt = document.getElementById('opt');
var oCal = document.getElementById('cal');
var oResult = document.getElementById('result');
//事件监听
oCal.addEventListener('click',function(){
var x = oX.value.trim();
var y = oY.value.trim();
var opt = oOpt.value;
var result = 0;
switch(opt){
case '0':
result = calculator.add(x,y);
break;
case '1':
result = calculator.subtract(x,y);
break;
case '2':
result = calculator.multiply(x,y);
break;
case '3':
result = calculator.divide(x,y);
}
oResult.value = result;
})
</script>
</body>
</html>
使用监听器来实现click
后的发生事件:
oCal.addEventListener('click',function(){
})
使用自执行函数与闭包缩小了方法的作用域,只在calculator对象调用方法后起作用。
var calculator = (function(){
function add(x,y){
}
function subtract(x,y){
}
function multiply(x,y){
}
function divide(x,y){
}
//返回的是一个对象
return {
add:add,
subtract:subtract,
multiply:multiply,
divide:divide
}
})();
最终版:实现不改变原代码的结构,增加功能
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<input type="text" id="x" />
<select name="" id="opt">
<option value="0">+</option>
<option value="1">-</option>
<option value="2">*</option>
<option value="3">/</option>
<option value="4">%</option>
</select>
<input type="text" id="y"/>
<button id="cal">=</button>
<input type="text" id="result" />
<script>
// 方法不会污染全局作用域
var calculator = (function(cal){
function add(x,y){
return parseInt(x)+parseInt(y);
}
function subtract(x,y){
return parseInt(x)-parseInt(y);
}
function multiply(x,y){
return parseInt(x)*parseInt(y);
}
function divide(x,y){
if(y == 0){
alert('除数不能为零');
return;
}
return parseInt(x)/parseInt(y);
}
cal.add = add;
cal.subtract = subtract;
cal.multiply = multiply;
cal.divide = divide;
return cal;
})(calculator || {}); // 采用自执行函数,如果没有传参的话则对象为空,有的话则正常传参
var calculator = (function(cal){
cal.mod = function(x,y){
return x%y;
}
return cal;
})(calculator || {});
var oX = document.getElementById('x');
var oY = document.getElementById('y');
var oOpt = document.getElementById('opt');
var oCal = document.getElementById('cal');
var oResult = document.getElementById('result');
//事件监听
oCal.addEventListener('click',function(){
var x = oX.value.trim();
var y = oY.value.trim();
var opt = oOpt.value;
var result = 0;
switch(opt){
case '0':
result = calculator.add(x,y);
break;
case '1':
result = calculator.subtract(x,y);
break;
case '2':
result = calculator.multiply(x,y);
break;
case '3':
result = calculator.divide(x,y);
case '4':
result = calculator.mod(x,y);
}
oResult.value = result;
})
</script>
</body>
</html>
运行效果:
我们采用下面的这种格式实现所有方法以及属性都不在全局环境中:
var calculator = (function(cal){
cal.mod = function(x,y){
return x%y;
}
return cal;
})(calculator || {});
好处:可以灵活的增加功能并且增加功能与原来的功能的代码顺序无所谓,
Node.js的前置知识:
全局对象的使用:
// 全局对象
global.foo = 'var';
console.log(global.foo);
简单的http服务器:
// 导入http包
//require 是导包
var http = require('http');
// 创建服务器
http.createServer(function(req,res)
{
//有请求的话,响应返回:hello world
res.end('hello world');
}).listen(3000,'127.0.0.1'); //监听地址以及端口
使用方式:
打开浏览器:
输入:http://127.0.0.1:3000
或者localhost:3000
结束方式:Ctrl-C
利用上述知识,实现模块之间的数据共享:
info.js
//node中一个js就是一个模块
//向外公开age变量
module.exports.age = '10';
// 公开一个函数
module.exports.sayHello = function(){
console.log('hello');
}
var name = 'tom';
test.js
// 加载模块
var myModule = require('./info');
console.log(myModule);
myModule.sayHello();
console.log(myModule.name); //访问不到
nodeJs实现计算器:
文件目录:
add.js
module.exports = function add(x,y){
return parseInt(x)+parseInt(y);
}
divide.js
module.exports = function divide(x,y){
if(y == 0){
alert('除数不能为零');
return;
}
return parseInt(x)/parseInt(y);
}
multiply.js
module.exports = function multiply(x,y){
return parseInt(x)*parseInt(y);
}
subtract.js
module.exports = function subtract(x,y){
return parseInt(x)-parseInt(y);
}
index.js
module.exports = {
add:require('./add'),
subtract:require('./subtract'),
multiply:require('./multiply'),
divide:require('./divide')
};
我们访问的就是index.js一个文件即可
var cal = require('./index');
console.log(cal.add(1,2));
console.log(cal.subtract(1,2));
console.log(cal.multiply(1,2));
console.log(cal.divide(1,2));
实现效果:
结束:
今天的知识点到这里结束了,通过这些前置知识点,下一次将进行模块化的演变过程等;
如果你看到这里或者正好对你有所帮助,希望能点个关注或者推荐,感谢;
有错误的地方,欢迎在评论指出,作者看到会进行修改。