• C/C++中各种类型int、long、double、char表示范围(最大最小值)


    // fisttest.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
    //
    
    #include "stdafx.h"
    #include <iostream>
    #include<vector>
    #include <limits>
    #include<string>
    using namespace std;
    int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
    {
    
        cout << "type: 		" << "************size**************" << endl;
        cout << "bool: 		" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(bool);
        cout << "	最大值:" << (numeric_limits<bool>::max)();
        cout << "		最小值:" << (numeric_limits<bool>::min)() << endl;
        cout << "char: 		" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(char);
        cout << "	最大值:" << (numeric_limits<char>::max)();
        cout << "		最小值:" << (numeric_limits<char>::min)() << endl;
        cout << "signed char: 	" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(signed char);
        cout << "	最大值:" << (numeric_limits<signed char>::max)();
        cout << "		最小值:" << (numeric_limits<signed char>::min)() << endl;
        cout << "unsigned char: 	" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(unsigned char);
        cout << "	最大值:" << (numeric_limits<unsigned char>::max)();
        cout << "		最小值:" << (numeric_limits<unsigned char>::min)() << endl;
        cout << "wchar_t: 	" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(wchar_t);
        cout << "	最大值:" << (numeric_limits<wchar_t>::max)();
        cout << "		最小值:" << (numeric_limits<wchar_t>::min)() << endl;
        cout << "short: 		" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(short);
        cout << "	最大值:" << (numeric_limits<short>::max)();
        cout << "		最小值:" << (numeric_limits<short>::min)() << endl;
        cout << "int: 		" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(int);
        cout << "	最大值:" << (numeric_limits<int>::max)();
        cout << "	最小值:" << (numeric_limits<int>::min)() << endl;
        cout << "unsigned: 	" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(unsigned);
        cout << "	最大值:" << (numeric_limits<unsigned>::max)();
        cout << "	最小值:" << (numeric_limits<unsigned>::min)() << endl;
        cout << "long: 		" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(long);
        cout << "	最大值:" << (numeric_limits<long>::max)();
        cout << "	最小值:" << (numeric_limits<long>::min)() << endl;
        cout << "long long: 		" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(long long);
        cout << "	最大值:" << (numeric_limits<long long>::max)();
        cout << "	最小值:" << (numeric_limits<long long>::min)() << endl;
        cout << "unsigned long: 	" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(unsigned long);
        cout << "	最大值:" << (numeric_limits<unsigned long>::max)();
        cout << "	最小值:" << (numeric_limits<unsigned long>::min)() << endl;
        cout << "double: 	" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(double);
        cout << "	最大值:" << (numeric_limits<double>::max)();
        cout << "	最小值:" << (numeric_limits<double>::min)() << endl;
        cout << "long double: 	" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(long double);
        cout << "	最大值:" << (numeric_limits<long double>::max)();
        cout << "	最小值:" << (numeric_limits<long double>::min)() << endl;
        cout << "float: 		" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(float);
        cout << "	最大值:" << (numeric_limits<float>::max)();
        cout << "	最小值:" << (numeric_limits<float>::min)() << endl;
        cout << "size_t: 	" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(size_t);
        cout << "	最大值:" << (numeric_limits<size_t>::max)();
        cout << "	最小值:" << (numeric_limits<size_t>::min)() << endl;
        cout << "string: 	" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(string) << endl;
        // << "	最大值:" << (numeric_limits<string>::max)() << "	最小值:" << (numeric_limits<string>::min)() << endl;
        cout << "type: 		" << "************size**************" << endl;
        
        system("pause");
        return 0;
    }

    /*运行结果分析:

    以上结果已经很明白了,一下补充说明几点:

    概念、整型:表示整数、字符和布尔值的算术类型合称为整型(integral type)。

    关于带符号与无符号类型:整型 int、stort  和  long 都默认为带符号型。要获得无符号型则必须制定该类型为unsigned,比如unsigned long。unsigned int类型可以简写为unsigned,也就是说,unsigned后不加其他类型说明符就意味着是unsigned int。

    一字节表示八位,即:1byte = 8 bit;

    int: 4byte =  32 bit有符号signed范围:2^31-1 ~ -2^31即:2147483647 ~ -2147483648无符号unsigned范围:2^32-1 ~ 0即:4294967295 ~ 0

    long: 4 byte = 32 bit同int型

    double: 8 byte = 64 bit范围:1.79769e+308 ~ 2.22507e-308

    long double: 12 byte = 96 bit范围: 1.18973e+4932 ~ 3.3621e-4932

    float: 4 byte = 32 bit范围: 3.40282e+038 ~ 1.17549e-038

    int、unsigned、long、unsigned long 、double的数量级最大都只能表示为10亿,即它们表示十进制的位数不超过10个,即可以保存所有9位整数。而short只是能表示5位;

    另外对于浮点说而言:使用double类型基本上不会有错。在float类型中隐式的精度损失是不能忽视的,二双精度计算的代价相对于单精度可以忽略。事实上,在有些机器上,double类型比float类型的计算要快得多。float型只能保证6位有效数字,而double型至少可以保证15位有效数字(小数点后的数位),long double型提供的精度通常没有必要,而且还要承担额外的运行代价。

    double是8字节共64位,其中小数位占52位,2-^52=2.2204460492503130808472633361816e-16,量级为10^-16,故能够保证2^-15的所有精度。

    在有些机器上,用long类型进行计算所付出的运行时代价远远高于用int类型进行同样计算的代价,所以算则类型前要先了解程序的细节并且比较long类型与int类型的实际运行时性能代价。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/wxmwanggood/p/9334313.html
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