// fisttest.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。 // #include "stdafx.h" #include <iostream> #include<vector> #include <limits> #include<string> using namespace std; int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) { cout << "type: " << "************size**************" << endl; cout << "bool: " << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(bool); cout << " 最大值:" << (numeric_limits<bool>::max)(); cout << " 最小值:" << (numeric_limits<bool>::min)() << endl; cout << "char: " << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(char); cout << " 最大值:" << (numeric_limits<char>::max)(); cout << " 最小值:" << (numeric_limits<char>::min)() << endl; cout << "signed char: " << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(signed char); cout << " 最大值:" << (numeric_limits<signed char>::max)(); cout << " 最小值:" << (numeric_limits<signed char>::min)() << endl; cout << "unsigned char: " << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(unsigned char); cout << " 最大值:" << (numeric_limits<unsigned char>::max)(); cout << " 最小值:" << (numeric_limits<unsigned char>::min)() << endl; cout << "wchar_t: " << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(wchar_t); cout << " 最大值:" << (numeric_limits<wchar_t>::max)(); cout << " 最小值:" << (numeric_limits<wchar_t>::min)() << endl; cout << "short: " << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(short); cout << " 最大值:" << (numeric_limits<short>::max)(); cout << " 最小值:" << (numeric_limits<short>::min)() << endl; cout << "int: " << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(int); cout << " 最大值:" << (numeric_limits<int>::max)(); cout << " 最小值:" << (numeric_limits<int>::min)() << endl; cout << "unsigned: " << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(unsigned); cout << " 最大值:" << (numeric_limits<unsigned>::max)(); cout << " 最小值:" << (numeric_limits<unsigned>::min)() << endl; cout << "long: " << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(long); cout << " 最大值:" << (numeric_limits<long>::max)(); cout << " 最小值:" << (numeric_limits<long>::min)() << endl; cout << "long long: " << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(long long); cout << " 最大值:" << (numeric_limits<long long>::max)(); cout << " 最小值:" << (numeric_limits<long long>::min)() << endl; cout << "unsigned long: " << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(unsigned long); cout << " 最大值:" << (numeric_limits<unsigned long>::max)(); cout << " 最小值:" << (numeric_limits<unsigned long>::min)() << endl; cout << "double: " << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(double); cout << " 最大值:" << (numeric_limits<double>::max)(); cout << " 最小值:" << (numeric_limits<double>::min)() << endl; cout << "long double: " << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(long double); cout << " 最大值:" << (numeric_limits<long double>::max)(); cout << " 最小值:" << (numeric_limits<long double>::min)() << endl; cout << "float: " << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(float); cout << " 最大值:" << (numeric_limits<float>::max)(); cout << " 最小值:" << (numeric_limits<float>::min)() << endl; cout << "size_t: " << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(size_t); cout << " 最大值:" << (numeric_limits<size_t>::max)(); cout << " 最小值:" << (numeric_limits<size_t>::min)() << endl; cout << "string: " << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(string) << endl; // << " 最大值:" << (numeric_limits<string>::max)() << " 最小值:" << (numeric_limits<string>::min)() << endl; cout << "type: " << "************size**************" << endl; system("pause"); return 0; }
/*运行结果分析:
以上结果已经很明白了,一下补充说明几点:
概念、整型:表示整数、字符和布尔值的算术类型合称为整型(integral type)。
关于带符号与无符号类型:整型 int、stort 和 long 都默认为带符号型。要获得无符号型则必须制定该类型为unsigned,比如unsigned long。unsigned int类型可以简写为unsigned,也就是说,unsigned后不加其他类型说明符就意味着是unsigned int。
一字节表示八位,即:1byte = 8 bit;
int: 4byte = 32 bit有符号signed范围:2^31-1 ~ -2^31即:2147483647 ~ -2147483648无符号unsigned范围:2^32-1 ~ 0即:4294967295 ~ 0
long: 4 byte = 32 bit同int型
double: 8 byte = 64 bit范围:1.79769e+308 ~ 2.22507e-308
long double: 12 byte = 96 bit范围: 1.18973e+4932 ~ 3.3621e-4932
float: 4 byte = 32 bit范围: 3.40282e+038 ~ 1.17549e-038
int、unsigned、long、unsigned long 、double的数量级最大都只能表示为10亿,即它们表示十进制的位数不超过10个,即可以保存所有9位整数。而short只是能表示5位;
另外对于浮点说而言:使用double类型基本上不会有错。在float类型中隐式的精度损失是不能忽视的,二双精度计算的代价相对于单精度可以忽略。事实上,在有些机器上,double类型比float类型的计算要快得多。float型只能保证6位有效数字,而double型至少可以保证15位有效数字(小数点后的数位),long double型提供的精度通常没有必要,而且还要承担额外的运行代价。
double是8字节共64位,其中小数位占52位,2-^52=2.2204460492503130808472633361816e-16,量级为10^-16,故能够保证2^-15的所有精度。
在有些机器上,用long类型进行计算所付出的运行时代价远远高于用int类型进行同样计算的代价,所以算则类型前要先了解程序的细节并且比较long类型与int类型的实际运行时性能代价。