• python_day7


    一:类和对象

    1.定义类,类的实例化,类方法调用

    class Turtle:#python中类名约定以大写字母开头
        #属性
        color:'green'
        weight:10
        legs:4
        shell=True
        mouth:'大嘴'
        #方法
        def climb(self):
            print('我正在很努力的向前爬')
        def run(self):
            print('我正在得快的跑')
        def eat(self):
            print('吃东西啦')
    tt=Turtle()
    tt.climb()

    2.继承

    MyList继承列表list

    class MyList(list):
        pass
    list2=MyList()
    list2.append(2)
    list2.append(1)
    list2.append(9)
    for each in list2:
        print(each)
    View Code

    3.多态

    class A:
        def fun(self):
            print('我是小A')
    class B:
        def fun(self):
            print('我是小B')
    a=A()
    b=B()
    a.fun()
    b.fun()
    View Code

    4.self参数指代对象自身,相当于this

    class Ball():
        def setName(self,name):
            self.name=name
        def kick(self):
            print('我叫%s' %self.name)
    a=Ball()
    a.setName('土豆')
    a.kick()
    View Code

    5.公有和私有(伪私有)

    class Person:
        name='小甲鱼'
    >>> p=Person()
    >>> p.name
    '小甲鱼'
    
    
    >>> class Person:
        __name='小甲鱼'    
    >>> p=Person()
    >>> p.name
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<pyshell#10>", line 1, in <module>
        p.name
    AttributeError: 'Person' object has no attribute 'name'
    
    >>> class Person:
        __name='小甲鱼'
        def getName(self):
            return self.__name
    >>> p=Person()
    >>> p.getName()
    '小甲鱼'
    >>> p._Person__name
    '小甲鱼'
    View Code

     6._init_(self)构造方法,即构造函数

    class Ball:
        def __init__(self,name):
            self.name=name
        def kick(self):
            print('我叫%s' %self.name)
    b=Ball('土豆')
    b.kick()
    View Code

    7.继承

    >>> import random as r
    >>> class Fish:
        def __init__(self):
            self.x=r.randint(0,10)
            slef.y=r.randint(0,10)
        def move(self):
            self.x-=1
            print('我的位置是:',self.x,self.y)
           
    >>> class Goldfish(Fish):
        pass
    
    >>> class Shark(Fish):
        def __init__(self):
            self.hungry=True
        def eat(self):
            if self.hungry:
                print('吃东西啦')
                self.hungry=False
            else:
                print('太撑了,吃不下啦')
           
    >>> fish=Fish()
    >>> fish.move()
    我的位置是: 1 7
    >>> fish.move()
    我的位置是: 0 7
     
    >>> goldfish=GoldFish()
    >>> goldfish.move()
    我的位置是: 5 3
    
    >>> shark=Shark()
    >>> shark.eat()
    吃东西啦 
    >>> shark.eat()
    太撑了,吃不下啦
    
    
    >>> shark.move()
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<pyshell#39>", line 1, in <module>
        shark.move()
      File "<pyshell#23>", line 6, in move
        self.x-=1
    AttributeError: 'Shark' object has no attribute 'x'
    View Code

    上面例子中shark.move()方法调用出错,因为没有继承父类中的变量。

    如果想不报错一是调用未绑定的父类方法:

    >>> class Shark2(Fish):
        def _init_(self):
            Fish._init_(self)
            self.hungry=True
    
        
    >>> shark2=Shark2()
    >>> shark2.move()
    我的位置是: -1 8

    调用super函数:

    >>> class Shark2(Fish):
        def _init_():
            super._init_()
            self.hungry=True
    
            
    >>> shark=Shark2()
    >>> shark.move()
    我的位置是: 5 1

    8.组合

    class Turtle:
        def __init__(self,x):
            self.num=x
    class Fish:
        def __init__(self,x):
            self.num=x
    class Pool:
        def __init__(self,x,y):
            self.turtle=Turtle(x)
            self.fish=Fish(y)
        def print_num(self):
            print('水池里一共有%d只乌龟,%d只鱼' %(self.turtle.num,self.fish.num))
    pool=Pool(1,10)
    pool.print_num()
    View Code

    二:类,类对象,实例对象

    三:一些相关的BIF

    1.issubclass()

    >>> class A:
        pass
    
    >>> class B(A):
        pass
    
    >>> issubclass(B,A)
    True
    >>> issubclass(B,B)#一个类被认为是自身的自类
    True
    View Code

    2.isinstance()

    >>> b1=B()
    >>> isinstance(b1,B)
    True
    >>> isinstance(b1,A)
    True
    >>> isinstance(b1,(A,B))
    True
    View Code

    3.hasattr()

    class Coordinate:
        x = 10
        y = -5
        z = 0
    
    
    point1 = Coordinate()
    print(hasattr(point1, 'x'))
    print(hasattr(point1, 'y'))
    print(hasattr(point1, 'z'))
    print(hasattr(point1, 'no'))  # 没有该属性
    View Code

    4.getattr()

    class Coordinate:
        x = 10
        y = -5
        z = 0
    
    
    point1 = Coordinate()
    print(getattr(point1,'x'))
    View Code

    5.setattr()

    class Coordinate:
        x = 10
        y = -5
        z = 0
    
    
    point1 = Coordinate()
    setattr(point1,'w',9)
    print(getattr(point1,'w'))
    View Code

    6.delattr()

    7.property()

     四:魔法方法,魔法方法总是被双下划线包围,例如_init_()

    1.构造和析构
    _init_(self[,...]) 
    _del_析构函数
    >>> class C:
        def __init__(self):
            print('我是init')
        def __del__(self):
            print('我是del')
            
    >>> c1=C()
    我是init
    >>> c2=c1
    >>> del c2
    >>> del c1
    我是del
    View Code

    2.算术运算

     1 >>> class New_int(int):
     2     def __add__(self, other):
     3         return int.__sub__(self,other)
     4     def __sub__(self, other):
     5         return int.__add__(self,other)
     6 
     7 >>> a=New_int(3)
     8 >>> b=New_int(5)
     9 >>> a-b
    10 8
    11  
    12 >>> a+b
    13 -2
    View Code

    3.简单定制

    4.属性访问

    5.描述符(Property的原理)

    6.定制序列

    7.迭代器

     
     
     
     
     
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/wwq1204/p/10711018.html
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