创建Window
在Activity的attach方法中通过调用PolicyManager.makeNewWindo创建Window,将一个View add到WindowManager时，WindowManagerImpl创建一个ViewRoot来管理该窗口的根View。并通过ViewRoot.setView方法把该View传给ViewRoot。
final void attach(Context context, ActivityThread aThread,
Instrumentation instr, IBinder token, int ident,
Application application, Intent intent, ActivityInfo info,
CharSequence title, Activity parent, String id,
NonConfigurationInstances lastNonConfigurationInstances,
Configuration config) {
attachBaseContext(context);
mFragments.attachActivity(this, mContainer, null);
mWindow = PolicyManager.makeNewWindow(this);
mWindow.setCallback(this);
mWindow.getLayoutInflater().setPrivateFactory(this);
创建DecorView
DecorView为整个Window界面的最顶层View。
Activity中的Window对象帮我们创建了一个PhoneWindow内部类DecorView（父类为FrameLayout）窗口顶层视图，然后通过LayoutInflater将xml内容布局解析成View树形结构添加到DecorView顶层视图中id为content的FrameLayout父容器上面。Activity的content内容布局最终会添加到DecorView窗口顶层视图上面。
protected boolean initializePanelDecor(PanelFeatureState st) {
st.decorView = new DecorView(getContext(), st.featureId);
st.gravity = Gravity.CENTER | Gravity.BOTTOM;
st.setStyle(getContext());
return true;
}
创建ViewRoot并关联View
WindowManagerImpl保存DecorView到mViews，创建对应的ViewRoot；
ViewRoot用于管理窗口的根View，并和global window manger进行交互。ViewRoot中有一个nested class： W，W是一个Binder子类，用于接收global window manager的各种消息， 如按键消息， 触摸消息等。 ViewRoot有一个W类型的成员mWindow，ViewRoot在Constructor中创建一个W的instance并赋值给mWindow。 ViewRoot是Handler的子类， W会通过Looper把消息传递给ViewRoot。 ViewRoot在setView方法中把mWindow传给sWindowSession。
public void addView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params,
Display display, Window parentWindow) {
if (view == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("view must not be null");
}
if (display == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("display must not be null");
}
if (!(params instanceof WindowManager.LayoutParams)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Params must be WindowManager.LayoutParams");
}
final WindowManager.LayoutParams wparams = (WindowManager.LayoutParams)params;
if (parentWindow != null) {
parentWindow.adjustLayoutParamsForSubWindow(wparams);
}
ViewRootImpl root;
View panelParentView = null;
synchronized (mLock) {
// Start watching for system property changes.
if (mSystemPropertyUpdater == null) {
mSystemPropertyUpdater = new Runnable() {
@Override public void run() {
synchronized (mLock) {
for (ViewRootImpl viewRoot : mRoots) {
viewRoot.loadSystemProperties();
}
}
}
};
SystemProperties.addChangeCallback(mSystemPropertyUpdater);
}
int index = findViewLocked(view, false);
if (index >= 0) {
throw new IllegalStateException("View " + view
+ " has already been added to the window manager.");
}
// If this is a panel window, then find the window it is being
// attached to for future reference.
if (wparams.type >= WindowManager.LayoutParams.FIRST_SUB_WINDOW &&
wparams.type <= WindowManager.LayoutParams.LAST_SUB_WINDOW) {
final int count = mViews != null ? mViews.length : 0;
for (int i=0; i<count; i++) {
if (mRoots[i].mWindow.asBinder() == wparams.token) {
panelParentView = mViews[i];
}
}
}
root = new ViewRootImpl(view.getContext(), display);
view.setLayoutParams(wparams);
if (mViews == null) {
index = 1;
mViews = new View[1];
mRoots = new ViewRootImpl[1];
mParams = new WindowManager.LayoutParams[1];
} else {
index = mViews.length + 1;
Object[] old = mViews;
mViews = new View[index];
System.arraycopy(old, 0, mViews, 0, index-1);
old = mRoots;
mRoots = new ViewRootImpl[index];
System.arraycopy(old, 0, mRoots, 0, index-1);
old = mParams;
mParams = new WindowManager.LayoutParams[index];
System.arraycopy(old, 0, mParams, 0, index-1);
}
index--;
mViews[index] = view;
mRoots[index] = root;
mParams[index] = wparams;
}
// do this last because it fires off messages to start doing things
try {
root.setView(view, wparams, panelParentView);
} catch (RuntimeException e) {
// BadTokenException or InvalidDisplayException, clean up.
synchronized (mLock) {
final int index = findViewLocked(view, false);
if (index >= 0) {
removeViewLocked(index, true);
}
}
throw e;
}
}
ViewRoot是GUI管理系统与GUI呈现系统之间的桥梁，需要注意它并不是一个View类型。
它的主要作用如下：
1、向DecorView分发收到的用户发起的event事件，如按键，触屏，轨迹球等事件；
2、与WindowManagerService交互，完成整个Activity的GUI的绘制。
View绘制基本流程
这里先给出Android系统View的绘制流程：依次执行View类里面的如下三个方法：
measure(int ,int) :测量View的大小
layout(int ,int ,int ,int) ：设置子View的位置
draw(Canvas) ：绘制View内容到Canvas画布上
整个View树的绘图流程是在ViewRoot.Java类的performTraversals()函数展开的，该函数做的执行过程可简单概况为根据之前设置的状态，判断是否需要重新计算视图大小(measure)、是否重新需要安置视图的位置(layout)、以及是否需要重绘 (draw)
mesarue()测量过程
主要作用：为整个View树计算实际的大小，即设置实际的高(mMeasuredHeight)和宽(mMeasureWidth)，每个View的控件的实际宽高都是由父视图和本身视图决定的。
具体的调用如下：
ViewRootImpl 的performTraversals方法中，调用measureHierarchy，然后调用performMeasure
private void performMeasure(int childWidthMeasureSpec, int childHeightMeasureSpec) {
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "measure");
try {
mView.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
} finally {
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
}
}
ViewRoot根对象地属性mView(其类型一般为ViewGroup类型)调用measure()方法去计算View树的大小，回调View/ViewGroup对象的onMeasure()方法，该方法实现的功能如下：
1、设置本View视图的最终大小，该功能的实现通过调用setMeasuredDimension()方法去设置实际的高(mMeasuredHeight)和宽(mMeasureWidth)
2、如果该View对象是个ViewGroup类型，需要重写onMeasure()方法，对其子视图进行遍历的measure()过程。
对每个子视图的measure()过程，是通过调用父类ViewGroup.java类里的measureChildWithMargins()方法去实现，该方法内部只是简单地调用了View对象的measure()方法。
整个measure调用流程就是个树形的递归过程measure()方法两个参数都是父View传递过来的，也就是代表了父view的规格。他由两部分组成，高2位表示MODE，定义在MeasureSpec类（View的内部类）中，有三种类型，MeasureSpec.EXACTLY表示确定大小， MeasureSpec.AT_MOST表示最大大小， MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED不确定。低30位表示size，也就是父View的大小。对于系统Window类的DecorVIew对象Mode一般都为MeasureSpec.EXACTLY ，而size分别对应屏幕宽高。对于子View来说大小是由父View和子View共同决定的。
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),
getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec));
}
protected final void setMeasuredDimension(int measuredWidth, int measuredHeight) {
boolean optical = isLayoutModeOptical(this);
if (optical != isLayoutModeOptical(mParent)) {
Insets insets = getOpticalInsets();
int opticalWidth = insets.left + insets.right;
int opticalHeight = insets.top + insets.bottom;
measuredWidth += optical ? opticalWidth : -opticalWidth;
measuredHeight += optical ? opticalHeight : -opticalHeight;
}
mMeasuredWidth = measuredWidth;
mMeasuredHeight = measuredHeight;
mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET;
}
layout布局过程
主要作用 ：为将整个根据子视图的大小以及布局参数将View树放到合适的位置上。
具体的调用如下：
ViewRootImpl 的performTraversals方法中，调用performLayout
private void performLayout(WindowManager.LayoutParams lp, int desiredWindowWidth,
int desiredWindowHeight) {
mLayoutRequested = false;
mScrollMayChange = true;
mInLayout = true;
final View host = mView;
if (DEBUG_ORIENTATION || DEBUG_LAYOUT) {
Log.v(TAG, "Laying out " + host + " to (" +
host.getMeasuredWidth() + ", " + host.getMeasuredHeight() + ")");
}
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "layout");
try {
host.layout(0, 0, host.getMeasuredWidth(), host.getMeasuredHeight());
mInLayout = false;
int numViewsRequestingLayout = mLayoutRequesters.size();
if (numViewsRequestingLayout > 0) {
// requestLayout() was called during layout.
// If no layout-request flags are set on the requesting views, there is no problem.
// If some requests are still pending, then we need to clear those flags and do
// a full request/measure/layout pass to handle this situation.
ArrayList<View> validLayoutRequesters = getValidLayoutRequesters(mLayoutRequesters,
false);
if (validLayoutRequesters != null) {
// Set this flag to indicate that any further requests are happening during
// the second pass, which may result in posting those requests to the next
// frame instead
mHandlingLayoutInLayoutRequest = true;
// Process fresh layout requests, then measure and layout
int numValidRequests = validLayoutRequesters.size();
for (int i = 0; i < numValidRequests; ++i) {
final View view = validLayoutRequesters.get(i);
Log.w("View", "requestLayout() improperly called by " + view +
" during layout: running second layout pass");
view.requestLayout();
}
measureHierarchy(host, lp, mView.getContext().getResources(),
desiredWindowWidth, desiredWindowHeight);
mInLayout = true;
host.layout(0, 0, host.getMeasuredWidth(), host.getMeasuredHeight());
mHandlingLayoutInLayoutRequest = false;
// Check the valid requests again, this time without checking/clearing the
// layout flags, since requests happening during the second pass get noop'd
validLayoutRequesters = getValidLayoutRequesters(mLayoutRequesters, true);
if (validLayoutRequesters != null) {
final ArrayList<View> finalRequesters = validLayoutRequesters;
// Post second-pass requests to the next frame
getRunQueue().post(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
int numValidRequests = finalRequesters.size();
for (int i = 0; i < numValidRequests; ++i) {
final View view = finalRequesters.get(i);
Log.w("View", "requestLayout() improperly called by " + view +
" during second layout pass: posting in next frame");
view.requestLayout();
}
}
});
}
}
}
} finally {
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
}
mInLayout = false;
}
host.layout()开始View树的布局，继而回调给View/ViewGroup类中的layout()方法。具体流程如下
1 、layout方法会设置该View视图位于父视图的坐标轴，即mLeft，mTop，mLeft，mBottom(调用setFrame()函数去实现)，接下来回调onLayout()方法(如果该View是ViewGroup对象，需要实现该方法，对每个子视图进行布局)。
2、如果该View是个ViewGroup类型，需要遍历每个子视图chiildView，调用该子视图的layout()方法去设置它的坐标值。
protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {
}
public void layout(int l, int t, int r, int b) {
int oldL = mLeft;
int oldT = mTop;
int oldB = mBottom;
int oldR = mRight;
boolean changed = isLayoutModeOptical(mParent) ?
setOpticalFrame(l, t, r, b) : setFrame(l, t, r, b);
if (changed || (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED) == PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED) {
onLayout(changed, l, t, r, b);
mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED;
ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;
if (li != null && li.mOnLayoutChangeListeners != null) {
ArrayList<OnLayoutChangeListener> listenersCopy =
(ArrayList<OnLayoutChangeListener>)li.mOnLayoutChangeListeners.clone();
int numListeners = listenersCopy.size();
for (int i = 0; i < numListeners; ++i) {
listenersCopy.get(i).onLayoutChange(this, l, t, r, b, oldL, oldT, oldR, oldB);
}
}
}
mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT;
}
draw()绘图过程
ViewRootImpl 的performTraversals方法中，调用了mView的draw方法
mView.draw()开始绘制，draw()方法实现的功能如下：
1 、绘制该View的背景
2 、为显示渐变框做一些准备操作
3、调用onDraw()方法绘制视图本身 (每个View都需要重载该方法，ViewGroup不需要实现该方法)
4、调用dispatchDraw ()方法绘制子视图(如果该View类型不为ViewGroup，即不包含子视图，不需要重载该方法)
值得说明的是，ViewGroup类已经为我们重写了dispatchDraw ()的功能实现，应用程序一般不需要重写该方法，但可以重载父类函数实现具体的功能。
dispatchDraw()方法内部会遍历每个子视图，调用drawChild()去重新回调每个子视图的draw()方法。
5、绘制滚动条
刷新视图
Android中实现view的更新有两个方法，一个是invalidate，另一个是postInvalidate，其中前者是在UI线程自身中使用，而后者在非UI线程中使用。
requestLayout()方法 ：会导致调用measure()过程 和 layout()过程 。
说明：只是对View树重新布局layout过程包括measure()和layout()过程，不会调用draw()过程，但不会重新绘制
任何视图包括该调用者本身。
一般引起invalidate()操作的函数如下：
1、直接调用invalidate()方法，请求重新draw()，但只会绘制调用者本身。
2、setSelection()方法 ：请求重新draw()，但只会绘制调用者本身。
3、setVisibility()方法 ： 当View可视状态在INVISIBLE转换VISIBLE时，会间接调用invalidate()方法，继而绘制该View。
4 、setEnabled()方法 ： 请求重新draw()，但不会重新绘制任何视图包括该调用者本身。
内容参考源码，借鉴了网上的一些分析。