• SpringBoot学习笔记3-自定义拦截器-全局异常处理-Freemarker-Thymeleaf-定时任务调度


    十六:自定义拦截器

    参考文档

    16.1 编写拦截器类

    extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter 重写WebMvcConfigurerAdapter,如下:

     1 package com.wu.interceptor;
     2 
     3 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
     4 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
     5 
     6 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
     7 import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
     8 import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
     9 import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry;
    10 import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;
    11 
    12 @Configuration//声明这是一个配置
    13 public class MyInterceptor extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
    14 
    15     @Override
    16     public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
    17         //以内部类的创建拦截器
    18         HandlerInterceptor interceptor=new HandlerInterceptor() {
    19             
    20             @Override
    21             public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2) throws Exception {
    22                 System.out.println("自定义拦截器");
    23                 //返回true时放行
    24                 return true;
    25             }
    26             
    27             @Override
    28             public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3)
    29                     throws Exception {
    30             }
    31             
    32             @Override
    33             public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3)
    34                     throws Exception {
    35             }
    36         };
    37         //注册拦截器并设置拦截路径
    38         registry.addInterceptor(interceptor).addPathPatterns("/**");
    39     }
    40     
    41 }
    MyInterceptor.java

    注意:需要在拦截器类上添加 @Configuration,声明这是一个配置类,还需要在启动类中需要扫描到该类,如以下所示:

     1 package com.wu.app;
     2 
     3 import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
     4 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
     5 
     6 //@EnableAutoConfiguration
     7 //@ComponentScan("com.wu.controller")//默认扫描的是当前包和当前包的子包
     8 @SpringBootApplication(scanBasePackages={"com.wu.controller","com.wu.interceptor"})
     9 public class SpringApplications {
    10         //程序启动入口
    11         public static void main(String []args){
    12             SpringApplication.run(SpringApplications.class, args);
    13         }
    14 }
    在启动类中添加扫描到拦截器类的包路径

    16.2 测试定义的拦截器是否生效

    编写Controller类简单测试刚刚定义的拦截器是否有效,如下:

     1 package com.wu.controller;
     2 
     3 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
     4 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
     5 
     6 @RestController
     7 public class TestController {
     8     @RequestMapping("/test")
     9     public String test(){
    10         System.out.println("这是一个测试");
    11         return "test";
    12     }
    13 }
    TestController.java

    在控制台中可以看到输出顺序:

     十七:全局异常处理器的简单实现

    参考文档

    17.1 编写异常处理器类

     1 package com.wu.controller;
     2 
     3 import java.util.HashMap;
     4 import java.util.Map;
     5 
     6 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
     7 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestControllerAdvice;
     8 
     9 @RestControllerAdvice
    10 public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
    11     @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
    12     public Map<String,Object> handleException(Exception e){
    13         Map<String,Object> map=new HashMap<>();
    14         map.put("errorCode","500");
    15         map.put("Msg",e.toString());
    16         return map;
    17     }
    18 }
    GlobalExceptionHandler.java

    17.2 编写测试类

     1 package com.wu.controller;
     2 
     3 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
     4 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
     5 
     6 @RestController
     7 public class TestController {
     8     @RequestMapping("/test")
     9     public String test(){
    10         int a=1/0;
    11         return "test";
    12     }
    13 }
    TestController.java

    测试结果:

    十八:SpringBoot中的异步调用

    18.1 相关知识

    参考文档:Java中的Future Future接口

     Future接口的作用:

    • 代表异步计算的执行结果;
    • 用于可取消的task;(比使用interrupt实现取消要方便 )

    18.2在Service层中编写异步测试类

    1 package com.wu.service;
    2 
    3 import java.util.concurrent.Future;
    4 
    5 public interface AsyncService {
    6     Future<String> doTask1()throws Exception;
    7     Future<String> doTask2()throws Exception;
    8     Future<String> doTask3()throws Exception;
    9 }
    AsyncService.java
     1 package com.wu.service;
     2 
     3 import java.util.Random;
     4 import java.util.concurrent.Future;
     5 
     6 import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
     7 import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AsyncResult;
     8 import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
     9 @Service
    10 public class AsyncServiceImp implements AsyncService {
    11     @Async
    12     @Override
    13     public Future<String> doTask1() throws Exception {
    14         System.out.println("任务一开始");
    15         long start=System.currentTimeMillis();
    16         Thread.sleep(new Random().nextInt(10000));
    17         long end =System.currentTimeMillis();
    18         System.out.println("任务一结束时间:"+(end-start)+"ms");
    19         return new AsyncResult<String>("任务一结束");
    20     }
    21     @Async
    22     @Override
    23     public Future<String> doTask2() throws Exception {
    24         System.out.println("任务二开始");
    25         long start=System.currentTimeMillis();
    26         Thread.sleep(new Random().nextInt(10000));
    27         long end =System.currentTimeMillis();
    28         System.out.println("任务二结束时间:"+(end-start)+"ms");
    29         return new AsyncResult<String>("任务二结束");
    30     }
    31     @Async
    32     @Override
    33     public Future<String> doTask3() throws Exception {
    34         System.out.println("任务三开始");
    35         long start=System.currentTimeMillis();
    36         Thread.sleep(new Random().nextInt(10000));
    37         long end =System.currentTimeMillis();
    38         System.out.println("任务三结束时间:"+(end-start)+"ms");
    39         return new AsyncResult<String>("任务三结束");
    40     }
    41     
    42 }
    AsyncServiceImp.java
     1 package com.wu.controller;
     2 
     3 import java.util.concurrent.Future;
     4 
     5 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
     6 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
     7 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
     8 
     9 import com.wu.service.AsyncService;
    10 import com.wu.service.AsyncServiceImp;
    11 
    12 @RestController
    13 public class TestController {
    14     @Autowired
    15     private AsyncService asyncService =new AsyncServiceImp();
    16     
    17     @RequestMapping("/async")
    18     public String testAsync() throws Exception{
    19         long start=System.currentTimeMillis();
    20         Future<String> task1 = asyncService.doTask1();
    21         Future<String> task2 = asyncService.doTask2();
    22         Future<String> task3 = asyncService.doTask3();
    23         //判断三个任务是否结束
    24         while(true){
    25             if(task1.isDone()&&task2.isDone()&&task3.isDone()){
    26                 break;
    27             }
    28             //当前线程停一会再判断
    29             Thread.sleep(1000);
    30         }
    31         long end =System.currentTimeMillis();
    32         return "总耗时:"+(end-start)+"ms";
    33     }
    34 }
    TestController.java
     1 package com.wu.app;
     2 
     3 import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
     4 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
     5 import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;
     6 
     7 
     8 @SpringBootApplication(scanBasePackages={"com.wu.controller","com.wu.service"})
     9 @EnableAsync//启用异步调用
    10 public class SpringApplications {
    11         //程序启动入口
    12         public static void main(String []args){
    13             SpringApplication.run(SpringApplications.class, args);
    14         }
    15 }
    启动类中也需要配置扫描和启动异步

    18.3 显示结果

    18.4 总结

    在需要异步加载的方法上加上注解 @Async

    在启动类中需要扫描相应的包,和启动异步调用 @EnableAsync

     十九:SpringBoot整合Jsp

    19.1 前言

    SpringBoot官方不推荐使用Jsp,因为Jsp相对于一些模板引擎性能较低,官方推荐使用Thymeleaf

    19.2 创建war工程,并添加相应依赖

    注意:SpringBoot整合Jsp需要创建的是war工程

     1 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     2   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
     3   <parent>
     4     <groupId>com.wu</groupId>
     5     <artifactId>SpringBoot_Parent</artifactId>
     6     <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
     7   </parent>
     8   <artifactId>SpringBoot_Child4</artifactId>
     9   <packaging>war</packaging>
    10   
    11   <dependencies>
    12       <dependency>
    13           <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    14           <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    15       </dependency>
    16        
    17      <!-- 添加servlet依赖模块 -->
    18         <dependency>
    19             <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    20             <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
    21             <scope>provided</scope>
    22         </dependency>
    23         <!-- 添加jstl标签库依赖模块 -->
    24         <dependency>
    25             <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    26             <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
    27         </dependency>
    28         <!--添加tomcat依赖模块.-->
    29         <dependency>
    30             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    31             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
    32             <scope>provided</scope>
    33         </dependency>
    34         <!-- 使用jsp引擎,springboot内置tomcat没有此依赖 -->
    35         <dependency>
    36             <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
    37             <artifactId>tomcat-embed-jasper</artifactId>
    38             <scope>provided</scope>
    39         </dependency>
    40       
    41    </dependencies>
    42 </project>
    pom.xml
    1 spring.mvc.view.prefix=/
    2 spring.mvc.view.suffix=.jsp
    application.properties
     1 package com.wu.controller;
     2 
     3 import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
     4 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
     5 
     6 @Controller
     7 public class TestJspController {
     8     @RequestMapping("/test")
     9     public String test(){
    10         return "test";
    11     }
    12 }
    TestJspController.jsp
     1 package com.wu.app;
     2 
     3 import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
     4 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
     5 import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;
     6 
     7 
     8 @SpringBootApplication(scanBasePackages={"com.wu.controller"})
     9 public class SpringApplications {
    10         //程序启动入口
    11         public static void main(String []args){
    12             SpringApplication.run(SpringApplications.class, args);
    13         }
    14 }
    启动类

    test.jsp文件所在位置:

    19.3 简单测试结果

     

     二十:SpringBoot整合Freemarker

    20.0     参考文档   Freemarker基本语法入门 

    20.1 在pom.xml中加入相关依赖

    1       <!-- Freemarker -->
    2       <dependency>
    3           <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    4           <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-freemarker</artifactId>
    5       </dependency>    
    Freemarker依赖

     20.2 简单应用

    SpringBoot默认读取的是src/main/resources/templates

    如:

    1 <html>
    2 <head>
    3 <title>Welcome!</title>
    4 </head>
    5 <body>
    6 ${name}
    7 </body>
    8 </html> 
    test.ftl
     1 package com.wu.controller;
     2 
     3 import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
     4 import org.springframework.ui.Model;
     5 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
     6 
     7 @Controller
     8 public class TestFreemarkerController {
     9     @RequestMapping("/test")
    10     public String test(Model model){
    11         model.addAttribute("name","這是一個測試。");
    12         return "test";
    13     }
    14 }
    TestFreemarkerController.java

    记得在启动类中扫描相应的包,之后启动,结果如下:

    20.3 SpringBoot与Freemarker相关的配置可以在application.properties配置

     1 # 是否允许HttpServletRequest属性覆盖(隐藏)控制器生成的同名模型属性。
     2 spring.freemarker.allow-request-override=false
     3 # 是否允许HttpSession属性覆盖(隐藏)控制器生成的同名模型属性。
     4 spring.freemarker.allow-session-override=false
     5 # 是否启用模板缓存。
     6 spring.freemarker.cache=false
     7 # 模板编码。
     8 spring.freemarker.charset=UTF-8
     9 # 是否检查模板位置是否存在。
    10 spring.freemarker.check-template-location=true
    11 # Content-Type value.
    12 spring.freemarker.content-type=text/html
    13 # 是否启用freemarker
    14 spring.freemarker.enabled=true
    15 # 设定所有request的属性在merge到模板的时候,是否要都添加到model中.
    16 spring.freemarker.expose-request-attributes=false
    17 # 是否在merge模板的时候,将HttpSession属性都添加到model中
    18 spring.freemarker.expose-session-attributes=false
    19 # 设定是否以springMacroRequestContext的形式暴露RequestContext给Spring’s macro library使用
    20 spring.freemarker.expose-spring-macro-helpers=true
    21 # 是否优先从文件系统加载template,以支持热加载,默认为true
    22 spring.freemarker.prefer-file-system-access=true
    23 # 设定模板的后缀.
    24 spring.freemarker.suffix=.ftl
    25 # 设定模板的加载路径,多个以逗号分隔,默认: 
    26 spring.freemarker.template-loader-path=classpath:/templates/
    27 # 设定FreeMarker keys.
    28 spring.freemarker.settings.template_update_delay=0
    29 spring.freemarker.settings.default_encoding=UTF-8
    30 spring.freemarker.settings.classic_compatible=true
    31 
    32 SpringBoot整合Freemarker的相关属性配置
    SpringBoot中Freemarker的属性配置

    二十一:SpringBoot整合Thymeleaf

    21.0  Thymeleaf的常用语法解析     参考文档2      

    21.1 在pom.xml中加入相关依赖

    1      <!-- Thymeleaf -->
    2       <dependency>
    3          <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    4          <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
    5       </dependency>
    Thymeleaf的依赖

    21.2 简单应用

    默认读取的是src/main/resources/templates/

    如:

     1 <!DOCTYPE html>
     2 <html>
     3 <head>
     4 <meta charset="UTF-8">
     5 <title>Thymeleaf_Test</title>
     6 </head>
     7 <body>
     8 <span th:text="${name}"></span>
     9 </body>
    10 </html>
    test.html
     1 package com.wu.controller;
     2 
     3 import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
     4 import org.springframework.ui.Model;
     5 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
     6 
     7 @Controller
     8 public class TestThymeleafController {
     9     @RequestMapping("/test")
    10     public String test(Model model){
    11         model.addAttribute("name","这也是一个测试!");
    12         return "test";
    13     }
    14 }
    TestThymeleafController.java
     1 #关闭thymeleaf缓存,开发时使用,否者不能实时显示
     2 spring.thymeleaf.cache=false
     3 #检查模板是否纯在,然后再呈现
     4 spring.thymeleaf.check-template-location=true
     5 #content-type的值
     6 spring.thymeleaf.content-type=text/html
     7 #启用MVC Thymeleaf视图分辨率
     8 spring.thymeleaf.enabled=true
     9 #编码格式
    10 spring.thymeleaf.encoding=UTF-8
    11 #前缀,此为默认
    12 spring.thymeleaf.prefix=classpath:/templates/
    13 #后缀,常用.html
    14 spring.thymeleaf.suffix=.html
    15 #模板编码,thymeleaf对html的标签约束非常严格,所有的标签必须有开有闭,比如<br></br>或者<br/>是可以的,但是<br>会报错,配置spring.thymeleaf.mode=LEGACYHTML5 目的就是为了解决这个问题,可以使页面松校验。
    16 spring.thymeleaf.mode=LEGACYHTML5
    在application.properties中可以配置Thymeleaf的相关属性

    在启动类中启动,查看

    报错,原因:在全局配置中配置了spring.thymeleaf.mode=LEGACYHTML5,是非严格检查,需要加入nekohtml的依赖,如:

    1       <!-- nekohtml -->
    2       <dependency>
    3           <groupId>net.sourceforge.nekohtml</groupId>
    4           <artifactId>nekohtml</artifactId>
    5           <version>1.9.15</version>
    6       </dependency>        
    nekohtml的依赖

    之后重新启动,查看结果如下:

     二十二:SpringBoot实现定时任务调用

    22.1  spring-boot-quartz    推荐参考

    22.2  spring-boot-scheduler

    编写任务类:

     1 package com.wu.job;
     2 
     3 import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
     4 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
     5 
     6 @Component
     7 public class MyJob {
     8     @Scheduled(fixedRate=2000)//每两秒执行一次
     9     public void run(){
    10         System.out.println("执行作业");
    11     }
    12 }
    MyJob.java

    在启动类中开启任务调度

     1 package com.wu.app;
     2 
     3 import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
     4 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
     5 import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;
     6 import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling;
     7 
     8 
     9 @SpringBootApplication(scanBasePackages={"com.wu.job"})
    10 @EnableScheduling//开启任务调度
    11 public class SpringApplications {
    12         //程序启动入口
    13         public static void main(String []args){
    14             SpringApplication.run(SpringApplications.class, args);
    15         }
    16 }
    启动类

    结果:每隔2秒打印一次(v_v)

    注意:在需要定时任务调度的方法上添加@Scheduled 注解;在启动类上加上 @EnableScheduling 扫描方法所在类的包

    作者:wuba
    出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/wuba/
    版权声明:本博客所有文章除特别声明外,均采用CC BY-NC-SA 4.0许可协议。转载请注明出处!
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/wuba/p/11224584.html
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