• 分析python程序运行时间的几种方法


    最早见过手写的,类似于下面这种:

      1 import datetime
      2 
      3 def time_1():
      4     begin = datetime.datetime.now()
      5     sum = 0
      6     for i in xrange(10000000):
      7         sum = sum + i
      8     end = datetime.datetime.now()
      9     return end-begin
     10 
     11 print time_1()
    

    输出如下:

    ➜  Python python time_1.py
    0:00:00.280797
    

    另外一种方法是使用timeit模块,使用方法如下:

    In [5]: import timeit
    
    In [6]: timeit.timeit("sum(range(100))")
    Out[6]: 1.2272648811340332
    

    还可以在命令行上使用这种timeit模块,如下:

    ➜  Python python -m timeit -s"import time_1 as t" "t.time_1()"
    0:00:00.282044
    
    10 loops, best of 3: 279 msec per loop
    

    注意:timeit模块会多次运行程序以获得更精确的时间,所以需要避免重复执行带来的影响。比方说x.sort()这种操作,因为第一次执行之后,后边已经是排好的了,准确性就收到了影响。

    还有一种方法是使用cProfile模块,代码如下,名字为time_1.py:

      1 import datetime
      2 
      3 def time_1():
      4     begin = datetime.datetime.now()
      5     sum = 0
      6     for i in xrange(10000000):
      7         sum = sum + i
      8     end = datetime.datetime.now()
      9     return end-begin
     10 
     11 if __name__ == '__main__':
     12     print time_1()
     13 
     14 import cProfile
     15 cProfile.run('time_1()')
    

    运行程序结果如下:  

    ➜  Python python time_1.py
    0:00:00.282828
             2 function calls in 0.000 seconds
    
       Ordered by: standard name
    
       ncalls  tottime  percall  cumtime  percall filename:lineno(function)
            1    0.000    0.000    0.000    0.000 <string>:1(<module>)
            1    0.000    0.000    0.000    0.000 {method 'disable' of '_lsprof.Profiler' objects}
    
    
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "time_1.py", line 15, in <module>
        cProfile.run('main()')
      File "/usr/lib/python2.7/cProfile.py", line 29, in run
        prof = prof.run(statement)
      File "/usr/lib/python2.7/cProfile.py", line 135, in run
        return self.runctx(cmd, dict, dict)
      File "/usr/lib/python2.7/cProfile.py", line 140, in runctx
        exec cmd in globals, locals
      File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
    NameError: name 'main' is not defined
    ➜  Python vi time_1.py 
    ➜  Python python time_1.py
    0:00:00.284642
             5 function calls in 0.281 seconds
    
       Ordered by: standard name
    
       ncalls  tottime  percall  cumtime  percall filename:lineno(function)
            1    0.000    0.000    0.281    0.281 <string>:1(<module>)
            1    0.281    0.281    0.281    0.281 time_1.py:3(time_1)
            2    0.000    0.000    0.000    0.000 {built-in method now}
            1    0.000    0.000    0.000    0.000 {method 'disable' of '_lsprof.Profiler' objects}
    

    一开始代码里最后一行写的是cProfile.run('main()'),提示没有main(),将main()改成函数名字就可以了

    这里是最简单的应用,具体大家可以去看看文档,或者直接help(xxx)  

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/wswang/p/5592231.html
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