#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import numpy as np
import pylab as pl
from sklearn import svm
# we create 40 separable points
np.random.seed(0)#每次运行结果不变
X = np.r_[np.random.randn(20, 2) - [2, 2], np.random.randn(20, 2) + [2, 2]]
#randn20,0 产生20个点每个点两维
#-+[2,2]正态分布范围
Y = [0]*20 +[1]*20
print(X,Y)
#fit the model
clf = svm.SVC(kernel='linear')
clf.fit(X, Y)
# get the separating hyperplane
w = clf.coef_[0]
a = -w[0]/w[1]#斜率
xx = np.linspace(-5, 5)
yy = a*xx - (clf.intercept_[0])/w[1]#clf.intercept_[0]bias偏置
# plot the parallels to the separating hyperplane that pass through the support vectors
b = clf.support_vectors_[0]
yy_down = a*xx + (b[1] - a*b[0])
b = clf.support_vectors_[-1]
yy_up = a*xx + (b[1] - a*b[0])
print "w: ", w
print "a: ", a
# print "xx: ", xx
# print "yy: ", yy
print "support_vectors_: ", clf.support_vectors_
print "clf.coef_: ", clf.coef_
# switching to the generic n-dimensional parameterization of the hyperplan to the 2D-specific equation
# of a line y=a.x +b: the generic w_0x + w_1y +w_3=0 can be rewritten y = -(w_0/w_1) x + (w_3/w_1)
# plot the line, the points, and the nearest vectors to the plane
pl.plot(xx, yy, 'k-')
pl.plot(xx, yy_down, 'k--')
pl.plot(xx, yy_up, 'k--')
pl.scatter(clf.support_vectors_[:, 0], clf.support_vectors_[:, 1],
s=80, facecolors='none')
pl.scatter(X[:, 0], X[:, 1], c=Y, cmap=pl.cm.Paired)
pl.axis('tight')
pl.show()
人脸识别
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
__title__ = ''
__author__ = 'wlc'
__mtime__ = '2017/9/1'
"""
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import print_function
from time import time
import logging#打印程序进展
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.datasets import fetch_lfw_people
from sklearn.model_selection import GridSearchCV
from sklearn.metrics import classification_report
from sklearn.metrics import confusion_matrix
from sklearn.decomposition import RandomizedPCA
from sklearn.svm import SVC
print(__doc__)
# Display progress logs on stdout
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format='%(asctime)s %(message)s')
###############################################################################
# Download the data, if not already on disk and load it as numpy arrays
lfw_people = fetch_lfw_people(min_faces_per_person=70, resize=0.4)#名人脸数据集
# introspect the images arrays to find the shapes (for plotting)
n_samples, h, w = lfw_people.images.shape
# for machine learning we use the 2 data directly (as relative pixel
# positions info is ignored by this model)
X = lfw_people.data#每一行是一个实例每一列是特征值
n_features = X.shape[1] #特征向量的维度每个人提取的特征值
# the label to predict is the id of the person
y = lfw_people.target#每个实例的label
target_names = lfw_people.target_names#label名
n_classes = target_names.shape[0]#类个数
print("Total dataset size:")
print("n_samples: %d" % n_samples)
print("n_features: %d" % n_features)
print("n_classes: %d" % n_classes)
###############################################################################
# Split into a training set and a test set using a stratified k fold
# split into a training and testing set
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(
X, y, test_size=0.25)
###############################################################################
# Compute a PCA (eigenfaces) on the face dataset (treated as unlabeled
# dataset): unsupervised feature extraction / dimensionality reduction
n_components = 150
#pca降维高维降低成低纬度
print("Extracting the top %d eigenfaces from %d faces"
% (n_components, X_train.shape[0]))
t0 = time()
pca = RandomizedPCA(n_components=n_components, whiten=True).fit(X_train)
print("done in %0.3fs" % (time() - t0))
eigenfaces = pca.components_.reshape((n_components, h, w))
print("Projecting the input data on the eigenfaces orthonormal basis")
t0 = time()
X_train_pca = pca.transform(X_train)
X_test_pca = pca.transform(X_test)
print("done in %0.3fs" % (time() - t0))
###############################################################################
# Train a SVM classification model
print("Fitting the classifier to the training set")
t0 = time()
param_grid = {'C': [1e3, 5e3, 1e4, 5e4, 1e5],
'gamma': [0.0001, 0.0005, 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.1], }#使用多少特征点
clf = GridSearchCV(SVC(kernel='rbf', class_weight='balanced'), param_grid)
clf = clf.fit(X_train_pca, y_train)
print("done in %0.3fs" % (time() - t0))
print("Best estimator found by grid search:")
print(clf.best_estimator_)
###############################################################################
# Quantitative evaluation of the model quality on the test set
print("Predicting people's names on the test set")
t0 = time()
y_pred = clf.predict(X_test_pca)
print("done in %0.3fs" % (time() - t0))
print(classification_report(y_test, y_pred, target_names=target_names))
print(confusion_matrix(y_test, y_pred, labels=range(n_classes)))
###############################################################################
# Qualitative evaluation of the predictions using matplotlib
def plot_gallery(images, titles, h, w, n_row=3, n_col=4):
"""Helper function to plot a gallery of portraits"""
plt.figure(figsize=(1.8 * n_col, 2.4 * n_row))
plt.subplots_adjust(bottom=0, left=.01, right=.99, top=.90, hspace=.35)
for i in range(n_row * n_col):
plt.subplot(n_row, n_col, i + 1)
plt.imshow(images[i].reshape((h, w)), cmap=plt.cm.gray)
plt.title(titles[i], size=12)
plt.xticks(())
plt.yticks(())
# plot the result of the prediction on a portion of the test set
def title(y_pred, y_test, target_names, i):
pred_name = target_names[y_pred[i]].rsplit(' ', 1)[-1]
true_name = target_names[y_test[i]].rsplit(' ', 1)[-1]
return 'predicted: %s
true: %s' % (pred_name, true_name)
prediction_titles = [title(y_pred, y_test, target_names, i)
for i in range(y_pred.shape[0])]
plot_gallery(X_test, prediction_titles, h, w)
# plot the gallery of the most significative eigenfaces
eigenface_titles = ["eigenface %d" % i for i in range(eigenfaces.shape[0])]
plot_gallery(eigenfaces, eigenface_titles, h, w)
plt.show()