一、概念部分：
顾名思义，慢查询日志中记录的是执行时间较长的query，也就是我们常说的slow query，通过设--log-slow-queries[=file_name]来打开该功能并设置记录位置和文件名，默认文件名为hostname-slow.log，默认目录也是数据目录。
慢查询日志采用的是简单的文本格式，可以通过各种文本编辑器查看其中的内容。其中记录了语句执行的时刻，执行所消耗的时间，执行用户，连接主机等相关信息。MySQL还提供了专门用来分析满查询日志的工具程序mysqlslowdump，用来帮助数据库管理人员解决可能存在的性能问题。
二、slow query log相关变量
2.1、命令行参数：
--log-slow-queries
指定日志文件存放位置，可以为空，系统会给一个缺省的文件host_name-slow.log
2.2、系统变量
log_slow_queries
指定日志文件存放位置，可以为空，系统会给一个缺省的文件host_name-slow.log
slow_query_log
slow quere log的开关，当值为1的时候说明开启慢查询。
slow_query_log_file
指定日志文件存放位置，可以为空，系统会给一个缺省的文件host_name-slow.log
long_query_time
记录超过的时间，默认为10s
log_queries_not_using_indexes
log下来没有使用索引的query，可以根据情况决定是否开启
三、实验部分：
----使用log_slow_queries参数打开慢查询，由于该参数已经过时，因此在err日志中将出现提示信息 ----修改my.cnf文件，添加log_slow_queries参数 [root@node4 ~]# vi /opt/mysql5.5/my.cnf [root@node4 ~]# cat /opt/mysql5.5/my.cnf |grep '^log_slow' log_slow_queries = /tmp/mysqlslow.log ----清空err日志内容： [root@node4 ~]# cat /dev/null > /tmp/mysql3306.err [root@node4 ~]# service mysql start Starting MySQL.... [ OK ] ----查看err日志的信息 [root@node4 data]# tail -f /tmp/mysql3306.err 130801 02:26:28 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /opt/mysql5.5/data 130801 2:26:28 [Warning] The syntax '--log-slow-queries' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please use '--slow-query-log'/'--slow-query-log-file' instead. 130801 2:26:28 [Warning] You need to use --log-bin to make --binlog-format work. 130801 2:26:28 InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled 130801 2:26:28 InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use InnoDB's own implementation 130801 2:26:28 InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3 130801 2:26:28 InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M 130801 2:26:28 InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool 130801 2:26:28 InnoDB: highest supported file format is Barracuda. 130801 2:26:28 InnoDB: Waiting for the background threads to start 130801 2:26:30 InnoDB: 1.1.8 started; log sequence number 3069452 130801 2:26:30 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events 130801 2:26:30 [Note] /opt/mysql5.5/bin/mysqld: ready for connections. Version: '5.5.22-log' socket: '/tmp/mysql.sock' port: 3306 Source distribution ----使用slow_query_log和slow_query_log_file [root@node4 ~]# vi /opt/mysql5.5/my.cnf [root@node4 ~]# cat /opt/mysql5.5/my.cnf |grep '^slow_query' slow_query_log = 1 slow_query_log_file = /tmp/mysqlslow.log1 [root@node4 ~]# service mysql start Starting MySQL... [ OK ] [root@node4 ~]# mysql Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.5.22-log Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show variables like '%slow%'; +---------------------+---------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------------+---------------------+ | log_slow_queries | ON | | slow_launch_time | 10 | | slow_query_log | ON | | slow_query_log_file | /tmp/mysqlslow.log1 | +---------------------+---------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) ----关于slow_launch_time参数，首先修改一下参数值 mysql> set global long_query_time=1; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show variables like '%long_query%'; +-----------------+----------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-----------------+----------+ | long_query_time | 1.000000 | +-----------------+----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) ----进行一下相关操作，查看/tmp/mysqlslow.log1的内容 mysql> select database(); +------------+ | database() | +------------+ | NULL | +------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> use test; Database changed mysql> show tables; Empty set (0.00 sec) mysql> create table t as select * from information_schema.tables; Query OK, 85 rows affected (0.38 sec) Records: 85 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> insert into t select * from t; Query OK, 85 rows affected (0.05 sec) Records: 85 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> insert into t select * from t; Query OK, 170 rows affected (0.03 sec) Records: 170 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> insert into t select * from t; Query OK, 340 rows affected (0.05 sec) Records: 340 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> insert into t select * from t; Query OK, 680 rows affected (0.08 sec) Records: 680 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> insert into t select * from t; Query OK, 1360 rows affected (0.29 sec) Records: 1360 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> insert into t select * from t; Query OK, 2720 rows affected (1.49 sec) Records: 2720 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 ----在这里已经超过1s了，查看/tmp/mysqlslow.log1 [root@node4 data]# tail -f /tmp/mysqlslow.log1 # Time: 130801 2:36:25 # User@Host: root[root] @ localhost [] # Query_time: 2.274219 Lock_time: 0.000322 Rows_sent: 0 Rows_examined: 5440 use test; SET timestamp=1375295785; insert into t select * from t; ----log_queries_not_using_indexes参数实验 mysql> show variables like '%indexes%'; +-------------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-------------------------------+-------+ | log_queries_not_using_indexes | OFF | +-------------------------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> set log_queries_not_using_indexes = 1; ERROR 1229 (HY000): Variable 'log_queries_not_using_indexes' is a GLOBAL variable and should be set with SET GLOBAL mysql> set global log_queries_not_using_indexes = 1; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> show variables like '%indexes%'; +-------------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-------------------------------+-------+ | log_queries_not_using_indexes | ON | +-------------------------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> desc t; +-----------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-----------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | TABLE_CATALOG | varchar(512) | NO | | | | | TABLE_SCHEMA | varchar(64) | NO | | | | | TABLE_NAME | varchar(64) | NO | | | | | TABLE_TYPE | varchar(64) | NO | | | | | ENGINE | varchar(64) | YES | | NULL | | | VERSION | bigint(21) unsigned | YES | | NULL | | | ROW_FORMAT | varchar(10) | YES | | NULL | | | TABLE_ROWS | bigint(21) unsigned | YES | | NULL | | | AVG_ROW_LENGTH | bigint(21) unsigned | YES | | NULL | | | DATA_LENGTH | bigint(21) unsigned | YES | | NULL | | | MAX_DATA_LENGTH | bigint(21) unsigned | YES | | NULL | | | INDEX_LENGTH | bigint(21) unsigned | YES | | NULL | | | DATA_FREE | bigint(21) unsigned | YES | | NULL | | | AUTO_INCREMENT | bigint(21) unsigned | YES | | NULL | | | CREATE_TIME | datetime | YES | | NULL | | | UPDATE_TIME | datetime | YES | | NULL | | | CHECK_TIME | datetime | YES | | NULL | | | TABLE_COLLATION | varchar(32) | YES | | NULL | | | CHECKSUM | bigint(21) unsigned | YES | | NULL | | | CREATE_OPTIONS | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | | | TABLE_COMMENT | varchar(2048) | NO | | | | +-----------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 21 rows in set (0.05 sec) ----下面的命令是查看索引的 mysql> show index from t; Empty set (0.01 sec) mysql> select * from t where engine='xxx'; Empty set (0.18 sec) # Time: 130801 2:43:43 # User@Host: root[root] @ localhost [] # Query_time: 0.185773 Lock_time: 0.148868 Rows_sent: 0 Rows_examined: 5440 SET timestamp=1375296223; select * from t where engine='xxx';
四、Mysqldumpslow
如果日志内容很多，用眼睛一条一条看会累死，mysql自带了分析的工具，使用方法如下：
[root@node4 data]# mysqldumpslow --help
Usage: mysqldumpslow [ OPTS... ] [ LOGS... ]
Parse and summarize the MySQL slow query log. Options are
--verbose verbose
--debug debug
--help write this text to standard output
-v verbose
-d debug
-s ORDER what to sort by (al, at, ar, c, l, r, t), 'at' is default
al: average lock time
ar: average rows sent
at: average query time
c: count
l: lock time
r: rows sent
t: query time
-r reverse the sort order (largest last instead of first)
-t NUM just show the top n queries
-a don't abstract all numbers to N and strings to 'S'
-n NUM abstract numbers with at least n digits within names
-g PATTERN grep: only consider stmts that include this string
-h HOSTNAME hostname of db server for *-slow.log filename (can be wildcard),
default is '*', i.e. match all
-i NAME name of server instance (if using mysql.server startup script)
-l don't subtract lock time from total time