Design a stack that supports push, pop, top, and retrieving the minimum element in constant time.
- push(x) -- Push element x onto stack.
- pop() -- Removes the element on top of the stack.
- top() -- Get the top element.
- getMin() -- Retrieve the minimum element in the stack.
Example:
MinStack minStack = new MinStack(); minStack.push(-2); minStack.push(0); minStack.push(-3); minStack.getMin(); --> Returns -3. minStack.pop(); minStack.top(); --> Returns 0. minStack.getMin(); --> Returns -2.
class MinStack { /** initialize your data structure here. */ public MinStack() { } public void push(int x) { s.push(x); int mi = min.isEmpty() ? x : Math.min(min.peek(), x); min.push(mi); } public void pop() { s.pop(); min.pop(); } public int top() { return s.peek(); } public int getMin() { return min.peek(); } Stack<Integer> s = new Stack<>(); Stack<Integer> min = new Stack<>(); } /** * Your MinStack object will be instantiated and called as such: * MinStack obj = new MinStack(); * obj.push(x); * obj.pop(); * int param_3 = obj.top(); * int param_4 = obj.getMin(); */
分析
用两个栈,一个是真实的栈,另一个作为辅助栈,辅助栈每次 push 时,会把新元素跟当前栈顶元素进行比较,存入二者中较小的那个。
举个例子,对于序列 18, 19, 21, 15, 17
, 两个栈依次push
进去的元素是这样的:
- 真实栈,
18, 19, 21, 15, 17
-
辅助栈,
18, 18, 18, 15, 15
具体过程是这样的,对于
18
, 辅助栈是空的,直接push进去,当遇到19
时,此时栈顶元素是18
,二者中18
较小,就把18插入,此时辅助栈中就有了两个18
,当遇到21
时,以此类推,还是插入18
,遇到15
时,栈顶元素是18
,15
较小,就把15压入,此时辅助栈中有3个18
,1个15
,当遇到17
时,栈顶元素是15
,二者中15
是较小值,于是插入15
,结束。