• Linux Tomcat 6.0安装配置实践总结


    转载:http://www.cnblogs.com/kerrycode/p/3588816.html


    系统环境:
    Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.7 (Tikanga)  64位

    Tomcat下载


    从官方网站 http://tomcat.apache.org/下载你需要的Tomcat版本,目前Tomcat主要版本有Tomcat 6.0、Tomcat 7.0、Tomcat 8.0三个版本,下面我们以6.0(6.0.39)版本为例, 下载URL地址:http://tomcat.apache.org/download-60.cgi ,如果你需要下载Tomcat 6.0下的其它版本,点击链接地址“Archiveshttp://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-6/ 即可查看到你需要的版本。

    Tomcat安装


    Step 1:安装配置JDK


        关于JDK的安装配置细节可以参考我以前的博客lRedhat Linux安装JDK 1.7,JDK最好选择合适的版本,这里我为了方便省事,就安装了JDK1.7.

       1: [root@DB-Server tmp]# chmod +x jdk-7u25-linux-x64.rpm  
       2:  
       3: [root@DB-Server tmp]# rpm -ivh jdk-7u25-linux-x64.rpm  
       4: Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 
       5:    1:jdk ########################################### [100%] 
       6: Unpacking JAR files... 
       7:         rt.jar... 
       8:         jsse.jar... 
       9:         charsets.jar... 
      10:         tools.jar... 
      11:         localedata.jar... 
      12: [root@DB-Server tmp]# cd /usr/java/

    配置环境变量,在etc/profile文件下添加

    export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_25
    export CLASSPATH=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_25/lib
    export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH

       1: [root@DB-Server jdk1.7.0_25]# vi /etc/profile
       2: [root@DB-Server jdk1.7.0_25]# source /etc/profile   --生效修改配置信息
       3:  
       4: [root@DB-Server jdk1.7.0_25]# echo $JAVA_HOME
       5: /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_25
       6: [root@DB-Server jdk1.7.0_25]# echo $CLASSPATH
       7: /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_25/lib
       8: [root@DB-Server jdk1.7.0_25]# java -version
       9: java version "1.7.0_25"
      10: Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_25-b15)
      11: Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 23.25-b01, mixed mode)
      12: [root@DB-Server jdk1.7.0_25]# 

    Step 2:安装Tomcat

       1: [root@DB-Server tmp]#tar zxvf apach-tomcat-6.0.16.tar.gz
       2:  
       3: [root@DB-Server tmp]#mkdir /usr/local/tomcat
       4:  
       5: [root@DB-Server tmp]# mv apache-tomcat-6.0.39 /usr/local/ tomcat
       6:  
       7:  
       8: [root@DB-Server tomcat]# vi /etc/profile
       9:  
      10: export TOMCAT_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat
      11:  
      12:  
      13: [root@DB-Server tomcat]# source /etc/profile
      14: [root@DB-Server tomcat]# echo $TOMCAT_HOME
      15: /usr/local/tomcat
      16:  
      17:  
      18: [root@DB-Server bin]# pwd
      19: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/bin
      20: [root@DB-Server bin]# ./startup.sh
      21: Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39
      22: Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39
      23: Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/temp
      24: Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_25
      25: Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/bin/bootstrap.jar

    如果需要指定Tomcat在某个账号下运行或管理,则可以通过下面脚本:例如,我要创建一个tomcat的账号

       1: [root@DB-Server ~]# groupadd tomcat
       2:  
       3: [root@DB-Server ~]# useradd -g tomcat -d /home/tomcat -u 502 tomcat
       4:  
       5: Creating mailbox file: File exists
       6:  
       7: [root@DB-Server tomcat]# chown -Rf    tomcat.tomcat   /usr/local/tomcat/
       8:  
       9: [root@DB-Server tomcat]#passwd tomcat
      10:  
      11: Changing password for user tomcat.
      12:  
      13: New UNIX password: 
      14:  
      15: Retype new UNIX password: 
      16:  
      17: passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

    在浏览器里面输入http://localhost:8080/  (默认端口为8080,可以修改该端口号) 验证Tomcat是否安装成功,如果安装成功,则会看到Tomcat的index.jsp并证明Tomcat启动成功了

    Tomcat配置


    关于Tomcat的目录结构,可以参考下面简单的描述,

    [root@DB-Server apache-tomcat-6.0.39]# ls

    bin       lib                logs           RELEASE-NOTES      temp     work

    conf     LICENSE     NOTICE     RUNNING.txt               webapps

        主目录下面有bin、lib等目录

        bin            存放Tomcat启动、停止服务程序以及一些其他脚本程序

        lib             存放Tomcat运行需要的jar包

        log            存放Tomcat运行的相关日志文件

        conf          存放Tomcat配置文件。例如server.xml 、 web.xml等

        temp         存放Tomcat运行的临时文件。

        webapps   Web应用的发布目录,默认情况下把Web应用文件放于此目录。

        work          Tomcat的工作目录,默认情况下把编译JSP文件生成的servlet类文件放于此目录下

    1:启动Tomcat服务

       1: [root@DB-Server bin]# ./startup.sh
       2:  
       3: Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39
       4:  
       5: Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39
       6:  
       7: Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/temp
       8:  
       9: Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_25
      10:  
      11: Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/bin/bootstrap.jar

    2:关闭Tomcat服务

       1: [root@DB-Server bin]# ./shutdown.sh
       2:  
       3: Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39
       4:  
       5: Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39
       6:  
       7: Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/temp
       8:  
       9: Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_25
      10:  
      11: Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/bin/bootstrap.jar
      12:  
      13: [root@DB-Server bin]#

    3:查看Tomcat版本

           有时候,如果当你接手去管理Tomcat,  可能你要了解一下Tomcat的版本信息,以及配置,那么怎么查看呢,去Tomcat的主目录下的bin目录下,执行version.sh,你就能查看到很多详细信息。

       1: [root@DB-Server bin]# ./version.sh
       2:  
       3: Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39
       4:  
       5: Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39
       6:  
       7: Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/temp
       8:  
       9: Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_25
      10:  
      11: Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/bin/bootstrap.jar
      12:  
      13: Server version: Apache Tomcat/6.0.39
      14:  
      15: Server built: Jan 27 2014 10:40:33
      16:  
      17: Server number: 6.0.39.0
      18:  
      19: OS Name: Linux
      20:  
      21: OS Version: 2.6.18-274.el5
      22:  
      23: Architecture: amd64
      24:  
      25: JVM Version: 1.7.0_25-b15
      26:  
      27: JVM Vendor: Oracle Corporation
      28:  

    4:设置管理密码

        如果你要进入Tomcat的管理页面:http://localhost:8080/manager/html ,这时会弹出下面认证界面,需要你输入用户名和密码,如果你没有配置过或者你忘了用户名、密码,那么应该找那个配置文件呢?其实你都可以通过配置文件 tomcat-users.xml 来解决

    clipboard

       1: [root@DB-Server conf]# more tomcat-users.xml
       2:  
       3: xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
       4:  
       5: --
       6:  
       7: Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
       8:  
       9: contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
      10:  
      11: this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
      12:  
      13: The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
      14:  
      15: (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
      16:  
      17: the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
      18:  
      19:     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
      20:  
      21: Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
      22:  
      23: distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
      24:  
      25: WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
      26:  
      27: See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
      28:  
      29: limitations under the License.
      30:  
      31: >
      32:  
      33: omcat-users>
      34:  
      35: --
      36:  
      37: NOTE: By default, no user is included in the "manager-gui" role required
      38:  
      39: to operate the "/manager/html" web application. If you wish to use this app,
      40:  
      41: you must define such a user - the username and password are arbitrary.
      42:  
      43: >
      44:  
      45: --
      46:  
      47: NOTE: The sample user and role entries below are wrapped in a comment
      48:  
      49: and thus are ignored when reading this file. Do not forget to remove
      50:  
      51: <!.. ..> that surrounds them.
      52:  
      53: >
      54:  
      55: --
      56:  
      57: <role rolename="tomcat"/>
      58:  
      59: <role rolename="role1"/>
      60:  
      61: <user username="tomcat" password="tomcat" roles="tomcat"/>
      62:  
      63: <user username="both" password="tomcat" roles="tomcat,role1"/>
      64:  
      65: <user username="role1" password="tomcat" roles="role1"/>
      66:  
      67: >
      68:  
      69: tomcat-users> 
      70:  

    修改配置文件前,要养成首先备份一份配置文件的习惯,以防需要回滚到最初设置时,忘了自己修改过哪些配置。一般建议源文件+日期+bak

    [root@DB-Server conf]# cp tomcat-users.xml tomcat-users.xml.20130308.bak

    [root@DB-Server conf]# vi tomcat-users.xml

    <role rolename="admin" />

    <role rolename="manager" />

    <user username="admin" password="Qwe!23" roles="admin,manager" />

    修改了配置信息后,一般需要重新启动一下Tomcat才能生效,否则依然进入不了管理界面

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    Tomcat 7 下与Tomcat 6 稍有不同,如下所示:

    <role rolename="admin-gui"/>

    <role rolename="manager-gui"/>

    <user username="admin" password="xxxx" roles="admin-gui , manager-gui "/>

    5:修改Tomcat的默认端口

        有时候由于特性情况,需要修改Tomcat的默认端口8080,例如端口号被其它应用程序占用了等,这时你需要修改server.xml,在里面

    找到如下图所示地方,修改为port的值。注意:修改后需要重启Tomcat服务。

    clipboard[2]

      6:修改Tomcat使用的JDK

        首先我们先安装JDK1.6,如下所示

       1: [root@DB-Server tmp]# chmod +x jdk-6u31-linux-x64-rpm.bin
       2: [root@DB-Server tmp]# ./jdk-6u31-linux-x64-rpm.bin
       3: Unpacking...
       4: Checksumming...
       5: Extracting...
       6: UnZipSFX 5.50 of 17 February 2002, by Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs@lists.wku.edu).
       7:   inflating: jdk-6u31-linux-amd64.rpm
       8:   inflating: sun-javadb-common-10.6.2-1.1.i386.rpm
       9:   inflating: sun-javadb-core-10.6.2-1.1.i386.rpm
      10:   inflating: sun-javadb-client-10.6.2-1.1.i386.rpm
      11:   inflating: sun-javadb-demo-10.6.2-1.1.i386.rpm
      12:   inflating: sun-javadb-docs-10.6.2-1.1.i386.rpm
      13:   inflating: sun-javadb-javadoc-10.6.2-1.1.i386.rpm
      14: Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
      15:    1:jdk ########################################### [100%]
      16: Unpacking JAR files...
      17:         rt.jar...
      18:         jsse.jar...
      19:         charsets.jar...
      20:         tools.jar...
      21:         localedata.jar...
      22:         plugin.jar...
      23:         javaws.jar...
      24:         deploy.jar...
      25: Installing JavaDB
      26: Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
      27:    1:sun-javadb-common ########################################### [ 17%]
      28:    2:sun-javadb-core ########################################### [ 33%]
      29:    3:sun-javadb-client ########################################### [ 50%]
      30:    4:sun-javadb-demo ########################################### [ 67%]
      31:    5:sun-javadb-docs ########################################### [ 83%]
      32:    6:sun-javadb-javadoc ########################################### [100%]
      33: Java(TM) SE Development Kit 6 successfully installed.
      34: Product Registration is FREE and includes many benefits:
      35: * Notification of new versions, patches, and updates
      36: * Special offers on Oracle products, services and training
      37: * Access to early releases and documentation
      38: Product and system data will be collected. If your configuration
      39: supports a browser, the JDK Product Registration form will
      40: be presented. If you do not register, none of this information
      41: will be saved. You may also register your JDK later by
      42: opening the register.html file (located in the JDK installation
      43: directory) in a browser.
      44: For more information on what data Registration collects and
      45: how it is managed and used, see:
      46: http://java.sun.com/javase/registration/JDKRegistrationPrivacy.html
      47: Press Enter to continue.....
      48:  
      49: Done.

    修改catalina.sh,增加export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_31即可。如下所示,似乎不用重启,Tomcat使用的JDK就改为了jdk1.6

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    [root@DB-Server bin]# ./shutdown.sh

    Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39

    Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39

    Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/temp

    Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_31

    Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/bin/bootstrap.jar

    [root@DB-Server bin]# ./startup.sh

    Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39

    Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39

    Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/temp

    Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_31

    Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/bin/bootstrap.jar

    [root@DB-Server bin]#

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    另外,似乎网上也有文章介绍,在文件setclasspath.sh下加入export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_31 设置即可,那种比较合理,目前不得而知。

      7:Tomcat端口被占用分析

        有时候明明Tomcat配置OK,Tomcat服务启动正常,但是打开页面的时候出错。这时可能是Tomat端口被占用了,你可以查看一下那些程序占用了Tomcat的端口

    [root@DB-Server bin]# netstat -an | grep 8080

    [root@DB-Server bin]# netstat -apn | grep 8080

    一般你也会在catalina.out日志里面找到”SEVERE: Error initializing endpoint java.net.BindException: Permission denied<null>:8080“之类的错误。

       1: [root@DB-Server logs]$ more catalina.out  
       2: Mar 4, 2014 4:22:14 PM org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener init
       3: INFO: The APR based Apache Tomcat Native library which allows optimal performance in production environments was not found on the ja
       4: va.library.path: /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_31/jre/lib/amd64/server:/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_31/jre/lib/amd64:/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_31/jre/../lib/amd
       5: 64:/usr/java/packages/lib/amd64:/usr/lib64:/lib64:/lib:/usr/lib
       6: Mar 4, 2014 4:22:15 PM org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol init
       7: SEVERE: Error initializing endpoint
       8: java.net.BindException: Permission denied<null>:8080
       9:         at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint.init(JIoEndpoint.java:502)
      10:         at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol.init(Http11Protocol.java:176)
      11:         at org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector.initialize(Connector.java:1058)
      12:         at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.initialize(StandardService.java:677)
      13:         at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.initialize(StandardServer.java:795)
      14:         at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.load(Catalina.java:530)
      15:         at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.load(Catalina.java:550)
      16:         at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
      17:         at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
      18:         at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
      19:         at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
      20:         at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.load(Bootstrap.java:260)
      21:         at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:412)
      22: Mar 4, 2014 4:22:15 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina load
      23: SEVERE: Catalina.start

    这时要么修改Tomcat的默认端口号,要么修改其它应用程序的端口号。

    Tomcat卸载


    Tomcat的卸载非常简单,只需要将Tomcat的CATALINA_BASE目录删除,然后删除一些环境变量即可。

    [root@DB-Server ~]# rm -rf /usr/local/tomcat/

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/wenlj/p/4742235.html
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